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EC number: 203-928-6 | CAS number: 112-02-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
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- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Based on the results from the in vivo irritation studies, the test substance is considered to be corrosive to skin as well as eyes.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1982
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to the Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) category or section 13 of IUCLID for details on the category justification.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: intact and abraded
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.5 mL of undiluted test substance (50% pure)
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 or 1 h
- Observation period:
- 4 or 1 hour, 48 h and 10 days
- Number of animals:
- Six males and females
- Details on study design:
- Six healthy adult New Zealand White albino rabbits (M/F) were used for the test. 24 hours prior to applying the test substance, the hair was removed from the back of the animals with electric clippers in such a way as to avoid abrasions.
An amount of 0.5 mL of the undiluted test substance was brought on the intact skin under a surgical patch measuring 1 x 1 inch. The patches were fixed to the application site by means of adhesive tape and the entire trunk of the rabbits was wrapped with an impervious material to maintain the test patches in position and to retard evaporation of volatile substances.
Each rabbit was treated on the intact skin. The abrasions were minor incisions through the stratum corneum, but not sufficiently deep to disturb the derma or to produce bleeding.
After an exposure period of 4 or 1 hour the patches and the test substance applied were removed and the resulting skin reactions were evaluated by the method of Draize scoring. A second reading was made 48 hours later. - Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 0.85
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 10 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Study II, following exposure period of 1 hour
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 4 h
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 10 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Study I, following exposure period of 4 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- 4 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 3.84
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 10 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: well-defined to moderate erythema
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- 1 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 1.08
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 10 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: very slight to moderate erythema
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- 1 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 10 dys
- Remarks on result:
- other: very slight to slight edema
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- 4 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 1.58
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 10 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: very slight or slight edema
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Remarks:
- 4 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 5.4
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 10 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Corrosive to skin
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Remarks:
- 1 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 1.25
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 10 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: corrosive to skin
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Observations in 4 hours test:
- After 4 hours: Very slight to well-defined erythema, very slight ischemia and very slight edema
- After 48 hours: Well-defined to moderate erythema, very slight to slight ischemia and very slight or slight edema
- After 10 days: Slight to distinct incrustation and decreased hair growth
Observations in 1 h test:
After 1 h: Very slight erythema
After 48 h: Very slight to moderate erythema and very slight or slight edema
After 10 d: No skin effects were observed - Interpretation of results:
- other: Category 1C based on CLP criteria
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results of the read across study, the undiluted test substance is considered to be corrosive to skin.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the skin irritation potential of the read across substance, C16 -18 and C18 -unsatd. TMAC (50% active) in rabbits, according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 204. Six rabbits (both sexes) were treated with 0.5 mL of undiluted read across substance (50% active ingredient) in an occlusive patch fixed with adhesive tape and wrapped with an impervious material, for 4 h. Observations were made at 4 h, 48 h and 10 days post-exposure. If the read across substance appeared to be corrosive after 4 h, another study was conducted with a 1 h exposure period under similar test conditions. The Draize scoring criteria was used for evaluating the corrosion potential. At 4 h, very slight to well-defined erythema, very slight ischemia and very slight oedema were observed, with an average irritation score of 4/8. At 48 h, there was well-defined to moderate erythema, very slight to slight ischemia and very slight or slight oedema and the average irritation score was 5.4/8. After 10 days, slight to distinct incrustation and decreased hair growth was observed. After an exposure period of 1 h, very slight erythema was observed with an average irritation score of 0.85/8. After 48 h, there was very slight to moderate erythema and very slight or slight oedema and the average irritation score was 1.25/8. No skin effects were observed after 10 days. Under the study conditions, the undiluted read across substance (50% active ingredient) was corrosive after 4 h of occlusive exposure. Based on the results of the read across study, similar corrosive potential is expected for the test substance.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- From 16 April, 1990 to 19 April, 1990
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Remarks:
- purity not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Six healthy New Zealand albino rabbits (2 males and 4 females) were clipped free of hair over approximately 10% of their body surface. 0.5 mL of test substance was placed on the site of approximately 25x25 mm and occluded for 24 h. The occluded coverings were then removed and the test site was wiped to prevent further exposure. The test sites were evaluated 24 and 72 h after initial exposure and scored according to the method of 16 CFR 1500.41.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Davidson's Mill Farm, S. Brunswick, NJ
- Housing: Individually in suspended stainless steel caging with mesh floors
- Diet: Pelleted Purina rabbit chow ad libitum
- Water: Tap water supplied by automatic water system
- Acclimation period: 15, 16 or 48 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21-23 - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: skin was clipped
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 mL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period:
- 72 hours
- Number of animals:
- Six (2 males and 4 females)
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 25x25 mm in a 25 mm Hilltop chamber
- % coverage: 10% of the total body area
- Type of wrap if used: Durapore tape
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): Test sites were gently wiped clean (not rinsed) of any residual test substance
- Time after start of exposure: 24 h
SCORING SYSTEM: According to FHSA primary skin irritation scoring system, 16 CFR 1500.41 - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.83
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 5.42
- Max. score:
- 8
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- For erythema-eschar formation and edema formation: See table for “Table for Irritation score”
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Remarks:
- Study conducted with a very low dilution/concentration
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the test substance was found to be irritating to skin.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to assess the skin irritation potential of undiluted test substance, C16 TMAC (5% active in water) on rabbit skin. Rabbits were prepared by clipping the skin free of hair. Four test application sites, approximately 25 x 25 mm, were delineated on the upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right flanks of the animal. 0.5 mL undiluted test substance was deposited into a 25 mm Hilltop Chamber and placed on each site. The entire area was then wrapped with tape. Patches were removed after 24 h of exposure. Skin sites were evaluated at 24 and 72 h after initial exposure and scored according to the method of 16 CFR 1500.41. The test substance was considered to be an irritant with a high erythema and oedema scores along with thickening of skin, black staining and brown discoloration observed after 72 h and a mean primary dermal irritation index (PDII) of 5.42. Under the study conditions, the test substance was found to be irritating to skin (Shapiro, 1990).
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- an in vitro skin irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo skin irritation study are available
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
Referenceopen allclose all
For result tables, kindly refer to the attached background material section of the IUCLID.
Table for Irritation score |
Rabbit no. |
24 hours (Intact) |
72 hours (Intact) |
6373 |
2a,b/3 |
3a/3 |
6374 |
2a,c/2 |
3c,b/3 |
6375 |
3a,c/2 |
3/3 |
6376 |
3c/2 |
3c/3 |
6377 |
3a,c/2 |
3c/2 |
6378 |
2a,c/3 |
2c/2 |
Total: |
15/14 |
17/16 |
Mean: |
2.5/2.33 |
2.83/2.67 |
aThickening of skin; bBlack staining; cBrown discolouration
PDI = 5.42 (Mean erythema scores + mean edema scores for 24 and 72 h divided by 2)
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is classified as skin corrosion, leading to classification as serious eye damage (Category 1)
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- From February, 1986 to June, 1986
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Certificate of analysis of test substance not included in report.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Kleinrusse Chbb: HM/Fa. Thomae
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 2197 - 2317 g - Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- not required
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.1 mL
- Concentration (if solution): 2% - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Solution was applied at test start and no rinsing was conducted.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 14 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 4 males
- Details on study design:
- SCORING SYSTEM: According to Draize JH, Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics. Ass. of Food and Drug Officials of the US, pp 49-52 (1959) at 1, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, as well 8, 11 and 14 days post-application.
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 4 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 d
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 4 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 0.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 d
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- (redness)
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 4 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 11 d
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 4 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 1.08
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 11 d
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- (exudation)
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 4 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.75
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 11 d
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- maximum mean total score (MMTS)
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Category 2 (irritant)
- Remarks:
- based on CLP criteria
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the test substance was considered to be highly irritating to the eyes.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the eye irritation potential of test substance, C16 TMAC (2% active in water) in rabbits, according to OECD Guideline 405, in compliance with GLP. 0.1 mL of the test substance (diluted at 2%) was placed in the conjunctival sac of the right eye of four rabbits. The other eye of each rabbit remained untreated and served as a control. Ocular lesions were evaluated at 1, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h as well 8, 11 and 14 days post-application according to the Draize (1959) method. In two rabbits, a slight corneal reaction was observed 2 days after the start of the study but there were no effects on the iris in any of the animals. Moderate to severe effects were however noted on the conjunctiva of the rabbits, with full recovery at 11 days. Under the study conditions, the test substance was considered to be highly irritating to the eyes (Kastner, 1986).
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- From 11 June, 1990 to 14 June, 1990
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- according to the Federal guideline: 16 CFR 1500.42.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Federal guidelines: 16 CFR 1500.42
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Davidson's Mill Farm, S. Brunswick, NJ
- Housing: individually in suspended stainless steel caging with mesh floors
- Diet: Pelleted Purina rabbit chow ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water supplied by automatic water system
- Acclimation period: 8 or 45 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22-26 - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.1 mL
- Concentration (if solution): 5% - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 h
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 72 h
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6 (3 males and 3 females)
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): No
- Time after start of exposure: 24, 48 and 72 h
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize score; The eye scores were further classified by the modified system of Kay and Calandra. - Irritation parameter:
- maximum mean total score (MMTS)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 53
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- maximum mean total score (MMTS)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 59.7
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- maximum mean total score (MMTS)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- ca. 58.3
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 1.83
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: corneal area
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 3.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- (redness)
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.83
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 3.22
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- (discharge)
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- All treated eyes had corneal opacity, iritis and conjunctival irritation during the 24 to 72 h test period.
- Other effects:
- Apart from the eye irritation effects, there were no signs of gross toxicity, adverse pharmacological effects or abnormal behaviour.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Serious eye damage (Category 1)
- Remarks:
- based on the CLP criteria
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the test substance was considered to be extremely irritating to the eyes.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the potential of test substance, C16 TMAC (5% active in water) to cause eye irritation in rabbit eyes, according to the Federal guideline: 16 CFR 1500.42.. 0.1 mL of undiluted test substance was placed in the conjunctival sac of the right or left eye of six rabbits. The other eye of each rabbit remained untreated and served as a control. After instillation of the test substance, ocular lesions were evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h according to the Draize method. The eye irritation scores were further classified by the modified method of Kay and Calandra.All treated eyes had corneal opacity, iritis and conjunctival irritation during the 24-72 h test period.Apart from the eye irritation response, there were no signs of gross toxicity, adverse pharmacologic effects or abnormal behavior. The 24 h maximum mean total score (MMTS) was 53. Under the study conditions, the test substance was considered to be extremely irritating to the eyes (Shapiro, 1990).
Referenceopen allclose all
The effects noted in the study are summarised in the following table:
Endpoint | 1hour | 6 hours | 24 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | 96 hours | 8 d | 11 d | 14 d |
Opacity grade | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0 |
Opacity surface | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0 |
Redness | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.25 | 3.0 | 2.75 | 1.75 | 0.25 | 0 | - |
Chemosis | 1.75 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.75 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | - |
Exsudation | 2.75 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.75 | 2.50 | 1.50 | 0 | 0 | - |
See the attached background material:
Table-1: Score for ocular lesions
Table-2: Scale for scoring ocular lesions
Table-3: Classification of eye score
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin
Study 1: A study was conducted to determine dermal irritation potential of the read across substance, C16-18 and C18-unsatd. TMAC (50% active in aqueous/isopropanol solution), in rabbits, according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 404. In the study, six rabbits (both sexes) were treated with 0.5 mL of undiluted read across substance in an occlusive patch fixed with adhesive tape and wrapped with an impervious material, for 4 h. Observations were made at 4 h, 48 h and 10 d post-exposure. If the read across substance appeared to be corrosive after 4 h, another study was conducted with a 1 h exposure period under similar test conditions. The Draize scoring criteria was used for evaluating the corrosion potential. At 4 h, very slight to well-defined erythema, very slight ischemia and very slight oedema were observed, with an average irritation score of 4/8. At 48 h, there was well-defined to moderate erythema, very slight to slight ischemia and very slight or slight oedema with an average irritation score was 5.4/8. After 10 d, slight to distinct incrustation and decreased hair growth was observed. After an exposure period of 1 h, very slight erythema was observed with an average irritation score of 0.85/8. After 48 h, there was very slight to moderate erythema and very slight or slight oedema and the average irritation score was 1.25/8. No skin effects were observed after 10 d. Under the test conditions, the undiluted read across substance was concluded to be non-corrosive after 1 h of occlusive exposure, but corrosive after 4 h of occlusive exposure (van Beek, 1982). Based on the results of the read across study, similar corrosion potential can be expected for the test substance.
Study 2:
A study was conducted to assess the skin irritation potential of undiluted C16 TMAC (purity not specified) on rabbit skin. Rabbits were prepared by clipping the skin free of hair. Four test application sites, approximately 25 x 25 mm, were delineated on the upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right flanks of the animal. 0.5 mL undiluted test substance was deposited into a 25 mm Hilltop Chamber and placed on each site. The entire area was then wrapped with tape. Patches were removed after 24 h of exposure. Skin sites were evaluated at 24 and 72 h after initial exposure and scored according to the method of 16 CFR 1500.41. The test substance was considered to be an irritant with a high erythema and oedema scores along with thickening of skin, black staining and brown discoloration observed after 72 h and a mean primary dermal irritation index (PDII) of 5.42 (Shapiro, 1990).
Eyes
Study 1:
A study was performed to assess the potential of C16 TMAC (5% active in water) to cause eye irritation in rabbit eyes, according to the Federal guideline: 16 CFR 1500.42.. 0.1 mL of undiluted test substance was placed in the conjunctival sac of the right or left eye of six rabbits. The other eye of each rabbit remained untreated and served as a control. After instillation of the test substance, ocular lesions were evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h according to the Draize method. The eye irritation scores were further classified by the modified method of Kay and Calandra.All treated eyes had corneal opacity, iritis and conjunctival irritation during the 24-72 h test period.Apart from the eye irritation response, there were no signs of gross toxicity, adverse pharmacologic effects or abnormal behavior. The 24 h maximum mean total score (MMTS) was 53. Based on the scoring system used, the test substance was considered to be extremely irritating (Shapiro, 1990).
Study 2:
A study was performed to assess the eye irritation potential of C16 TMAC (2% active in water) in rabbits, according to OECD Guideline 405, in compliance with GLP. 0.1 mL of the test substance (diluted at 2%) was placed in the conjunctival sac of the right eye of four rabbits. The other eye of each rabbit remained untreated and served as a control. Ocular lesions were evaluated at 1, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h as well 8, 11 and 14 days post-application according to the Draize (1959) method. In two rabbits, a slight corneal reaction was observed 2 days after the start of the study but there were no effects on the iris in any of the animals. Moderate to severe effects were however noted on the conjunctiva of the rabbits, with full recovery at 11 days. Under the study conditions and based on the scoring system used, the test substance (2% dilution) was considered to be highly irritating to the eyes.
In the above two studies, eye irritation responses at concentrations up to 5% a.i. were moderate, and at 2% a.i., were reversible (Kästner, 1986). Data available on other TMAC substances tested at higher concentrations of active ingredient were found to have corrosive effects, suggesting that solutions containing a higher concentration of C16 TMAC may also be corrosive. This is consistent with the observed corrosive effects on the skin.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the results of the in vivo skin and eye irritation studies, the test substance warrants a a 'Skin Corr. 1C; H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage’ as well as serious eye damage, ‘Eye dam. 1; H31: Causes serious eye damage’ classification according to the EU CLP criteria (Regulation EC 1272/2008). Labelling for this endpoint is covered by the above classifications for skin effects.
With regard to respiratory tract irritation, although C16 TMAC is a very corrosive substance, its low vapour pressure prohibits the occurrence of respiratory irritation by vapour. Further, the classification of corrosive is already considered to implicitly cover the potential of RTI and therefore an additional Cat.3 is considered to be superfluous (Guidance CLP Ch. 3.8.2.5).
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