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EC number: 233-267-9 | CAS number: 10102-18-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No guidelines used, but well documented and well performed according to scientific standards. Unbounded NOEC as supporting information. Nominal concentrations used.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In this study, sorgrass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense Hitchc.) was sown in natural soil either with or without added Se and shoot dry and fresh weight was recorded after 6 weeks. Two different soils were used (Blanton and Orangeburg), either limed or unlimed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- see test conditions
- Species:
- Sorghum vulgare
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: sorgrass
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (var. sudanense Hitchc.) - Test type:
- seedling emergence toxicity / vegetative vigour test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 6 wk
- Test temperature:
- No data
- pH:
- Blanton sand:
- limed: pH 6.5
- unlimed: pH 4.9
Orangeburg loamy sand
- limed: pH 6.0
- unlimed: pH 5.5 - Moisture:
- No data
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: Greenhouse experiment
- Test container (type, material, size): 7-kg polyethylene pot, bottom lined with gravel
- Amount of soil: 6 kg
- No. of seeds per container: 10
- No. of plants (retained after thinning): 4 (low Se treatments) to 6 (high Se treatments)
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 5
- No. of replicates per control: 5
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC
- Sampling depth (cm): Ap horizon
- Two soils were used: Blanton sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) and Orangeburg loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult)
- % sand: 91.9% (Blanton), 87.4% (Orangeburg)
- % silt: 6.2% (Blanton), 7.9% (Orangeburg)
- % clay: 1.9% (Balnton), 4.7% (Orangeburg)
- Soil taxonomic classification: Grossarenic Paleudult (Blanton) and Typic Paleudult (Orangeburg)
- Organic carbon (%): 11.0% (Blanton), 18.5% (Orangeburg)
- CEC: 3.23 cmolc/kg (Blanton), 3.93 cmolc/kg (Orangeburg)
- Pretreatment of soil: The soils were air dried and passed through a 2-mm sieve to remove gravel and coarse debris.
- Macronutrient and micronutrient fertilizers were added (B, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, N, P, Zn)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): shoot dry and fresh weight - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 1, 2, 4 mg Se/kg
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Species:
- Sorghum vulgare
- Duration:
- 6 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Se
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Blanton sand, unlimed
- Species:
- Sorghum vulgare
- Duration:
- 6 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Se
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Blanton sand, limed
- Species:
- Sorghum vulgare
- Duration:
- 6 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Se
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Orangeburg loamy sand, unlimed
- Species:
- Sorghum vulgare
- Duration:
- 6 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Se
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Orangeburg loamy sand, limed
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- multiple comparison tests (p<0.05)
- Conclusions:
- In this Klimisch 2 study, sorgrass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense Hitchc.) was sown in natural soil either with or without added Se and shoot dry and fresh weight was recorded after 6 weeks. Two different soils were used (Blanton and Orangeburg), either limed or unlimed. In unlimed Blanton sand, the 6-wk NOEC was 1 mg Se/kg soil dw. In limed Blanton Sand and both limed and unlimed Orangeburg loamy sand, the 6-wk NOEC was >= 4 mg Se/kg soil dw.
Reference
Additional Results
Test substance |
Test organism |
Soil |
pH |
Organic matter (%) |
Clay (%) |
Background conc. (mg Se/kg) |
Temperature (°C) |
Equilibration |
Exposure period |
Endpoint |
Effect parameter |
Value (mg Se/kg dw) |
Na2SeO3 |
Sorghum vulgare |
Blanton limed loamy sand |
6.5 |
11 |
1.9 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
6 weeks |
total plant dry yield |
NOEC (unbounded) |
≥4 (4% inhibition) |
Na2SeO3 |
Sorghum vulgare |
Blanton unlimed loamy sand |
4.9 |
11 |
1.9 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
6 weeks |
total plant dry yield |
NOEC |
1 (-27% inhibition) |
Na2SeO3 |
Sorghum vulgare |
Orangeburg limed loamy sand |
6 |
18.5 |
4.7 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
6 weeks |
total plant dry yield |
NOEC (unbounded) |
≥4 (15% inhibition) |
Na2SeO3 |
Sorghum vulgare |
Orangeburg unlimed loamy sand |
5.5 |
18.5 |
4.7 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
6 weeks |
total plant dry yield |
NOEC (unbounded) |
≥4 (-7% inhibition) |
Description of key information
The lowest reported NOEC value for Na2SeO3 is 1.0 mg Se/kg soil for yield of Sorghum vulgare after 6 weeks exposure in a loamy sand soil (Carlson et al., 1991; Klimisch 2).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 1 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Reliable results are available on toxicity of Na2SeO3 and Na2SeO4 to terrestrial plants. Two studies compare the toxicity of selenite and selenate to yield of Lolium perenne and Sorghum vulgare (Cartes et al., 2005; Carlson et al., 1991). Both studies confirm the higher toxicity of selenate compared to selenite, which is consistent with toxicity data to other terrestrial organisms and the difference in sorption to soil between selenite and selenate. Therefore, only the available reliable results for selenite are taken into account for the hazard assessment of tetravalent inorganic selenium substances.
Reliable chronic NOEC values for selenite vary between 1 and ≥10 mg Se/kg dw (added concentrations). The lowest reported NOEC value for Na2SeO3 of 1.0 mg Se/kg soil was observed for yield of Sorghum vulgare after 6 weeks exposure in a loamy sand soil (Carlson et al., 1991). Three unbounded NOEC values of ≥4.0 mg Se/kg soil were obtained for the same endpoint and species in 3 other soils differing in pH, organic matter and clay content. Additionally, field data are available for the effect of initial Na2SeO3 applications on yield of maize, carrots, potato and pea in subsequent cropping seasons, with NOEC values of 29, 81, 29 and 7 mg Se/kg dw (Kadar, 1995; Biacs et al., 1995; Kadar et al., 1994; Nyarai-Horvath et al., 1997). These field data confirm the conservative nature of the selected 1 mg Se/kg threshold value for the toxicity of selenite to terrestrial plants.
Also reliable chronic toxicity data for Na2SeO4 are available for the monocotyledon plants (Lolium perenne, Triticum aestivum, Sorghum vulgare and Hordeum vulgare) and dicotyledon plants (Medicago sativa, Beta vulgaris, Lycopersicon escultentum and a Prunus species) and vary between 0.39 and ≥3 mg Se/kg dw (added concentrations). Two reliable studies (Soltanpour and Workman, 1980 and Wan et al., 1988; both Klimisch 2) reported a total of 14 NOEC values for the effect of Na2SeO4 to Medicago sativa on several endpoints (total plant dry yield, shoot yield and root yield) in 10 different soils. The geometric mean of the lowest NOEC value reported in each study (0.39 and 0.50 mg Se/kg soil, both for root and shoot yield), 0.44 mg Se/kg soil, is the lowest bounded NOEC reported for the toxicity of selenate to terrestrial plants.
All results are based on nominal added or background corrected measured Se concentrations.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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