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EC number: 201-210-7 | CAS number: 79-50-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- April 12th 1999-30th November 1999
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study was performed under GLP according to OECD Guideline, validity criteria met.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not relevant
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Statement of compliance
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- EC Number:
- 201-210-7
- EC Name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- Cas Number:
- 79-50-5
- Molecular formula:
- C6H10O3
- IUPAC Name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): LD-Lactone
- Physical state: White crystalline mass
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not relevant
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - During the limit test samples were taken from 100 mgll and the blank-control for analysis.
- Sampling frequency: at t= 0 h from freshly prepared solutions and at t= 24 h from the freshly prepared solutions and the 24h-old solutions.
- Volume: 10 ml from the approximate centre of the test vessels.
- Storage: Not applicable, samples were analysed on the day of sampling.
- Additionally, reserve samples of 10 ml were taken. These samples were stored in a deep-freeze until delivery of the final report with a maximum of
three months, pending on the decision of the sponsor for additional analysis. The method of analysis is described in the appended Analytical Report.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The standard test procedures required generation of test solutions which contain completely
dissolved test substance concentrations or stable and homogeneous mixtures or dispersions.
The testing of concentrations that disturbed the test system were prevented (e.g. film of the test
substance on the water surface).
DL-LACTONE was completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested. DLLACTONE
proved to be unstable in water at pH values of 7 and 9 in a hydrolysis test performed
at NOTOX (Project 257568). Therefore it was decided to perform the complete project under
semi-static test conditions with daily renewal of test solutions.
Daily, preparation of test solutions started with stock solutions prepared at 100 mg/L. No special
treatment other than careful mixing was necessary to dissolve the test substance in the test
medium. The lower test concentrations for the range-finding test were prepared by subsequent
dilutions of one of the stocks in test medium. Volumes of 80 ml (range-finding test) or 160 ml
(limit test) were taken and used for testing with Daphnia (NOTOX Project 257581). All final test
solutions were clear and colourless.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- - Species: Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Teleostei, Cyprinidae) (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Source: Zodiac, proefacc, "De Haar Vissen", L.U. Wageningen, the Netherlands.
- Mean length:Range-finding test: 3.3 A 0.1 9 cm, Final test: 2.88 st 0.21 cm
- Mean weight: Range-finding test: 1.25 k 0.1 7 g, Final test: 0.68 * 0.1 4 g
- Characteristics: F1 from a single parent-pair bred in UV-treated water.
- Reason for selection: This system has been selected as an internationally accepted species.
- Total fish used: 26
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Hardness of the medium: 250 mg CaC03/l
- Test temperature:
- The temperature in the test media and the control ranged from 20.1 to 21.9 °C
- pH:
- The pH values in the test media and the control ranged from 7.8 to 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- The oxygen concentrations in the test media and the control ranged from 6.4 to 9.1 (always higher than 60% oxygen saturation)
- Salinity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Analysis of the samples taken during the limit test showed that the measured concentration was 144 mg/L in the freshly prepared 100 mg/L test
solution. An extra sample was analysed at t=O to check whether the high recovery was correct. The measured concentration in the reserve
sample was 140 mgll. The measured concentration after 24 hours was 145 mgll. Hence, thetest solution remained stable during the first 24-hour
renewal period. Preparation of test solutions proved to be repeatable as the concentration measured in the freshly prepared 100 mg/L solution
after 24 hours of exposure was 138 mg/L. In conclusion: the average exposure concentration during the study was approximately 140 mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- - Test duration: 96 hours
- Test type: Semi-static
- Test vessels: 10 litres, all-glass.
- Test medium: ISO-medium, aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration had reached saturation and the pH had stabilized. After aeration the
- Hardness was 250 mg CaC03 per litre and the pH ranged between 7.9 and 8.0
- Number of fish: 7 fish per concentration and control
- Loading: 0.79 g fish / litre, i.e. 7 fish per 6 litres of test medium
- Illumination: 16 hours photoperiod daily
- Aeration: The test media were not aerated during the test
- Feeding: No feeding from 48 hours prior to the test and during the total test period
- Introduction of fish: Directly after preparation of the test media
- Euthanasia: At the end of the test the surviving fish were rapidly killed by exposing them to ca. 1.2% ethylene glycol monophenylether in water - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 140 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: no
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not relevant
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Under the conditions of the present test DL-LACTONE induced no visible effects in carp at or
below 100 mg/L, corresponding with an average measured concentration of 140 mg/L.
Hence, the 96h-LC50 was above 140 mg/L, the maximum concentration tested.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 96h-LC50 of DL-Lactone is above 140 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
96-Hour Acute Toxicity Study in carp with DL-LACTONE.
The study procedures described in this report were based on the EEC directive 92/69; Part C:
methods for the determination of ecotoxicity, Publication No. L383, December 1992, C.1. "Acute toxicity for fish", and the OECD guideline No. 203: "Fish Acute Toxicity Test", Adopted 17 July, 1992.
DL-LACTONE was completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested. The complete project was performed under semi-static test conditions with daily renewal of test solutions as DL-LACTONE proved to be unstable in water at pH values of 7 and 9 in the hydrolysis test performed at NOTOX (Project 257568).
The project started with a range-finding study. No effects on fish were observed up to and including a concentration of 100 mg/L. Hence, the project was continued with a limit study exposing seven carp per concentration to a concentration of 100 mg/L and a blank-control.
Samples for analysis were taken at the start and after 24 hours of exposure from the freshly prepared and 24-hour old test solutions.
Analysis of the samples taken during the limit test showed that the measured concentration remained within a 20% window during the 24-hour periods between refreshment. The average measured concentration corresponded with approximately 140 mg/L.
DL-LACTONE induced no visible effects in carp at or below 100 mg/L, corresponding with an average measured concentration of 140 mg/L. Hence, the 96h-LC, was above 140 mg/L, the maximum concentration tested.
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