Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 227-815-6 | CAS number: 5989-54-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2001
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- OECD guideline 429 study with deviations: no data on physicochemical properties of test substance; no data on individual weights, housing conditions of test animals; no information on time course of onset and signs of toxicity
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Lack of data on test substance; no data on individual weights, housing conditions of test animals
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene
- EC Number:
- 227-813-5
- EC Name:
- (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene
- Cas Number:
- 5989-27-5
- Molecular formula:
- C10H16
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): R(+)-limonene
- Source: Fluka Chemicals, Gillingham, UK
- Analytical purity: 99%
Constituent 1
In vivo test system
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CBA
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Seralab, Oxon, UK
- Age at study initiation: 8-12 weeks
- Housing: four/cage on flushing metal racks
- Diet: SDS PCD pelleted diet; Special Diets Services, Witham, UK; ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
Study design: in vivo (LLNA)
- Vehicle:
- acetone/olive oil (4:1 v/v)
- Concentration:
- 0 (vehicle), 25, 50 and 100% v/v
- No. of animals per dose:
- Four females
- Details on study design:
- MAIN STUDY
ANIMAL ASSIGNMENT AND TREATMENT
- Name of test method: Local lymph node assay (Kimber and Basketter, 1992)
- Criteria used to consider a positive response: Stimulation index (SI) ≥ 3 (Kimber and Basketter, 1992).
TREATMENT PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION:
Groups of mice received 25 µL of various concentrations of limonene in vehicle, or vehicle alone, on the dorsum of both ears daily for 3 consecutive days. Five days following the initiation of treatment, all mice were injected intravenously with 250 µL of 20 µCi 3H-TdR in PBS. Five hours later draining auricular lymph nodes were excised and a single cell suspension prepared. The incorporation of 3H-TdR was measured by β-scintillation counter (dpm/node and stimulation index [SI]) (Kimber and Basketter, 1992).
The estimated concentration of chemical required to induce a stimulation index of 3 relative to concurrent vehicle-treated controls (EC3 value) was derived by linear interpolation by method as explained by Basketter et al. (1999).
The EC3 value was calculated by interpolating between two points on the SI axis, one immediately above, and the other immediately below, the SI value of three. The vehicle-treated control value (SI=1) cannot be used for the latter. Where the data points falling immediately above and below the SI value of three have the co-ordinates (a,b) and (c,d), respectively, then the EC3 value may be calculated using the following equation (Basketter et al., 1999): EC3=c + [3−d) / (b−d)] × (a−c). - Statistics:
- None
Results and discussion
In vivo (LLNA)
Resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 1
- Test group / Remarks:
- 0 % v/v
- Key result
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 1.84
- Test group / Remarks:
- 25 % v/v
- Key result
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 2.44
- Test group / Remarks:
- 50 % v/v
- Key result
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 3.95
- Test group / Remarks:
- 100 % v/v
- Key result
- Parameter:
- EC3
- Value:
- 68.5
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC3= estimated concentration to induce a Stimulation index of 3
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Local lymph node assay responses to limonene
Exposure Concentration (% v/v) |
dpm/node |
Stimulation index (SI) |
EC3 (%) |
0 |
476 |
1 |
68.5 |
25 |
877 |
1.84 |
|
50 |
1164 |
2.44 |
|
100 |
1882 |
3.95 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1B (indication of skin sensitising potential) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The calculated EC3-value for d-limonene was found to be 68.5%. Under these test conditions, d-limonene was found to be sensitising and should be clasified as skin sensitiser 1B according to the criteria of the CLP Regulation (EC) N° (1272-2008).
- Executive summary:
In a skin sensitization study conducted following a method similar to OECD guidelines 429, four groups of CBA/Ca strain female mice (4/concentration) were exposed topically on the dorsum of both ears to 25 µL of vehicle (acetone/olive oil, 4:1 v/v), 25, 50 and 100% v/v of d-limonene daily for 3 consecutive days. Five days following initiation of exposure all mice were injected 250 µL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 20 µCi of [3H] methyl thymidine (3H-TdR). The animals were then sacrificed after 5 hours and suspension of lymph node cells was prepared from auricular lymph nodes. The incorporation of 3H-TdR was measured by β-scintillation counting as disintegrations per minute (dpm) per node for each experimental group. A Stimulation index of 3 or greater was considered to be indicative of a potential to cause contact sensitization.
D-limonene at exposure concentration of 0 (vehicle), 25, 50 and 100% v/v resulted in 476, 877, 1164 and 1882 dpm/node and stimulation index of 1, 1.84, 2.44 and 3.95, respectively.
The calculated EC3-value for d-limonene was found to be 68.5%. Under these test conditions, d-limonene was found to be sensitising and should be clasified as skin sensitiser according to the CLP Regulation (EC) N° (1272-2008).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.