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EC number: 225-004-1 | CAS number: 4602-84-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: BOD test for insoluble substances (BODIS), preliminary guideline of the Bundesumweltamt Berlin
- Version / remarks:
- 1990
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, industrial, adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Activated sludge from the aeration tank of the municipal sewage treatment plant of Pforzheim, Germany, washed twice by centrifugation with mineral solution. Activated sludge was collected one week prior to the test.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Activated sludge mixed with mineral solution was pre-incubated for one week with inoculum at test conditions. The bottles were closed with glass stoppers and shaken witout test substance the dark at 20 °C and 100 rpm.
- Pretreatment: The vessels were aerated for 15 minutes prior to the test.
- Concentration of sludge: 3 g/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 0.007 other: g
- Initial conc.:
- 0.007 other: g
- Initial conc.:
- 0.007 other: g
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: KH2PO4 - 85 mg/L, K2HPO4 - 217.5 mg/L, Na2HPO4 * 2H2O - 334 mg/L, NH4Cl - 5 mg/L, CaCl2 * 2H2O - 36.42 mg/L, MgSO4 * 7 H2O - 22.5 mg/L, FeCl3 8 6 H2O - 0.25 mg/L
- Test temperature: 20°C
- pH: 7.00 - 7.59
- Aeration of dilution water: Yes, aerated for 15 minutes prior to the test and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the measurements of the remaining O2 concentration in the test vessels by a membrane air pump with hoses and Pasteur pipettes.
- Continuous darkness: Yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: The test vessels were incubated in a 20°C test chamber in the dark on a rotary shaker at 100 rpm
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 3 flasks for blank control, for test substance and for reference substance
- Measuring equipment: oximetr (WTW Oxi 191)
- Test performed in closed vessels: Yes, test vessels closed with glass stoppers
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Weekly
- Sampling method: The O2 concentration measured in the test vessels with an oximeter
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes
- Abiotic sterile control: No
- Toxicity control: Yes, sodium benzoate used as reference substance - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 51.7
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Results with reference substance:
- The degradation rate of sodium benzoate was 72.2%.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- 51.7% degradation was demonstrated after 28 days.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradability of the test item was determined with the BOD test for insoluble substances (BODIS). The degradation was followed by weekly measurements of the oxygen consumption in closed vessels for 28 days. Sodium benzoate was used as a reference substance. The degradation rate of the test item was 51.7% after 28 days, while the degradation rate of sodium benzoate was 72.2%. This study is reliable with restrictions (Klimisch 2) as it was conducted according to guideline, however GLP status is unknown.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 21 October 1997 - 20 November 1997
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Mineral media composition and test temperature are not reported .
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1993
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO DIS 9408 (Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability - Method by Determining the Oxygen Demand in a Closed Respirometer)
- Version / remarks:
- 1991
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Initial cell/biomass concentration: 30 mg/L total solids
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: washed and aerated for 24 h - Duration of test (contact time):
- 30 d
- Initial conc.:
- 810 other: mg/g
- Based on:
- other: ThOC
- Initial conc.:
- 97.6 - 102.4 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 3 001 other: mg/g
- Based on:
- other: ThOD
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- pH: 7.5 - 7.6 (initial), 7.5 - 9.3 (end) - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Preliminary study:
- 30-m EC20 = 75 mg/L
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 70 - 80
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- 3 day adaptation window, 26 day degradation window
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- 70 - 80% degradation was demonstrated within 28 days.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test item was tested by manometric respirometry according to OECD guideline 301F. The test item is readily biodegradable. Although the 10-day window criterion was not met,
as the substance is a mixture of E and Z isomers, the 10-day window criterion does not apply (EFEO/IFRA Guidelines on the Environmental Assessment of Natural Complex Substances (NCS), 2016). 70 - 80 % biodegradation was observed after 28 days, at measured test concentrations of 97.6 - 102.4 mg test item/L. This study has a reliability rating of 1 as it conforms to GLP and fulfils test validity criteria of the test guidelines OECD 301F, EU C.4 -D and ISO 9408.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 24 February 2011 - 05 May 2011
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The optional toxicity control was not performed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: biological WWTP treating predominantly domestic sewage, Bois-de-Bay, Satigny, Switzerland
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Sludge collected in the morning, washed 3 times in mineral medium (centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 min, supernatant discarded and sludge resuspended in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until use (same day) - Duration of test (contact time):
- 50 d
- Initial conc.:
- 30 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: mineral medium, pH 7.4 +/- 0.2
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): Deionised water, < 10 mg/L DOC
- Test temperature: 22.1 - 22.8 deg C
- pH: 7.46 - 7.97
TEST SYSTEM
- Measuring equipment: Oxitop Control System
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: daily
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Toxicity control: None - Reference substance:
- other: Sodium benzoate
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 70
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- 24, 59 and 77 % biodegradation of Farnesol after 3, 13 and 50 days, respectively.
40 and 65 % biodegradation of reference substance after 7 and 14 days, respectively.
Farnesol considered to be non-toxic to the inoculm at the test concentration. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- 70% biodegradation was demonstrated after 28 days.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradability of the test item was tested by manometric respirometry according to OECD guideline 301F. At a nominal test concentration of 30 mg test item/L, 70% biodegradation was observed after 28 days. The test item is considered to be readily biodegradable. Although the 10-day window criterion was not met, as the substance is a mixture of E and Z isomers, the 10-day window criterion does not apply (EFEO/IFRA Guidelines on the Environmental Assessment of Natural Complex Substances (NCS), 2016)
This study is reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1) as it conforms to GLP and fulfils test validity criteria of the test guidelines OECD 301F, EU C.4 -D and EPA OPPTS 835.3110.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The test item is readily biodegradable based on the weight of evidence. Over 70% biodegradation has been reported after 28 days in two studies, and a third study demonstrated 51.7% degradation after 28 days. As the substance is a mixture of E and Z isomers, the 10 -day window criterion does not apply (EFEO/IFRA Guidelines on the Environmental Assessment of Natural Complex Substances (NCS), 2016).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
The biodegradability of the test item was determined in three studies. Two GLP studies conducted according to OECD guideline 301F (manometric respiration) reported 70% and 70 - 80% biodegradation over 28 days, respectively (2011, 1997). Both studies are reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1). The test item was also analysed in a closed-vessel BOD test for insoluble substances (BODIS), as outlined in the Guidance of German Environmental Agency (1990). The test item degradation in this test was 51.7% after 28 days (1996). According to EFEO/IFRA Guidelines on the Environmental Assessment of Natural Complex Substances (NCS) (2016), "the 10 day window may be waived for a complex multi-constituent substance with structurally similar constituents and only the pass level of 60% at 28 days applied for a readily biodegradability classification". The test item is a mixture of E and Z isomers, therefore the 10 -day window criterion does not apply.
Ready biodegradation tests are stringent and therefore a negative result for ready biodegradation does not necessarily mean the test item will not degrade in the environment. Based on weight of evidence, the test item can be considered readily biodegradable.
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