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EC number: 221-717-7 | CAS number: 3209-22-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to insufficient reporting of the experimental details, this study was rated with a Klimisch score of 4 (‘not assignable’). As none of the available studies can serve as a key study with a sufficiently detailed reporting justifying a Klimisch score of 1 or 2 for the given endpoint, several independent sources were used in a weight of evidence approach. ‘Using weight of evidence implies that no single study of sufficient quality and reliability exists, and that information from several independent sources is required to be able to reach a conclusion on a particular property of the substance.’ (guidance document How to prepare registration and PPORD dossiers, p. 87)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: protocol of the Dutch Standards Organisation, NEN 6501 (1980)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- - stock solution was prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; merck, purity 99%)
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - daphnids were fed on 1x10E8 cells/l of Chlorella pyrenoidosa
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 3.2-5.6
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a short-term toxicity tests on crustaceans (D. magna) in analogy with the Dutch national standard method NEN6501 an EC50 value of 4.2 mg/l after a 2 days exposure period was obtained.
- Executive summary:
In a short-term toxicity tests on crustaceans (D. magna) in analogy with the Dutch national standard method NEN6501 an EC50 value of 4.2 mg/l after a 2 days exposure period was obtained.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to insufficient reporting of the experimental details, this study was rated with a Klimisch score of 4 (‘not assignable’). As none of the available studies can serve as a key study with a sufficiently detailed reporting justifying a Klimisch score of 1 or 2 for the given endpoint, several independent sources were used in a weight of evidence approach. ‘Using weight of evidence implies that no single study of sufficient quality and reliability exists, and that information from several independent sources is required to be able to reach a conclusion on a particular property of the substance.’ (guidance document How to prepare registration and PPORD dossiers, p. 87)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: protocol of the Dutch Standards Organisation, NEN 6501 (1980)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- species: Daphnia magna
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 hours
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (concentration at the start of the experiment: 1 X 10E8 cells/l) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 200 mg/l as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 0.5°C
- pH:
- 8.4 +/- 0.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- synthetic test medium was saturated with air prior to use
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Test concentrations increased geometrically with a factor of 3.2.
- Details on test conditions:
- - illumination: 12 h/d
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- validity criteria were fulfilled during the test - oxygen content of all solutions did not decrease below 7.9 mg/l (85%) - mortality in the controls never exceeded 10%
- Conclusions:
- In a short-term toxicity tests on crustaceans (D. magna) in analogy with the Dutch national standard method NEN6501 an IC50 (immobilisation) value of 4.2 mg/l (nominal concentration) after a 2 days exposure period was obtained.
- Executive summary:
In a short-term toxicity tests on crustaceans (D. magna) in analogy with the Dutch national standard method NEN6501 an IC50 (immobilisation) value of 4.2 mg/l (nominal concentration) after a 2 days exposure period was obtained.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to insufficient reporting of the experimental details, this study was rated with a Klimisch score of 4 (‘not assignable’). As none of the available studies can serve as a key study with a sufficiently detailed reporting justifying a Klimisch score of 1 or 2 for the given endpoint, several independent sources were used in a weight of evidence approach. ‘Using weight of evidence implies that no single study of sufficient quality and reliability exists, and that information from several independent sources is required to be able to reach a conclusion on a particular property of the substance.’ (guidance document How to prepare registration and PPORD dossiers, p. 87)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- => proposal to short-term toxicity tests performed on crustaceans (Daphnia magna) (1979)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Details on test conditions:
- - due to the volatile character of 2,3-Dichloronitrobenzene (see "any other information on materials and methods incl. tables") the substance was tested in closed system
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a short-term toxicity tests on crustaceans (D. magna) in analogy with the OECD 202 proposal (1979) an EC 50 (immobilisation) value of 1.6 mg/l after a 2 days exposure period was obtained.
- Executive summary:
Canton et al. (1985) carried out short-term toxicity tests on crustaceans (D. magna) in analogy with the OECD 202 proposal (1979). The authors determined an EC 50 (immobilisation) value of 1.6 mg/l after a 2 days (48 h) exposure period.
Referenceopen allclose all
- the result published in the paper is log IC50 = 1.34 µmol/l
- the result mentioned above was calculated by the applicant based on the reported log IC50
All test results were corrected for the actual concentration during the test.
Description of key information
In order to fulfill the data requirements a weight of evidence (WoE) approach (REACh Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Annex XI Section 1.2) was chosen. This approach is a possible adaptation to the standard information requirements which ‘should be undertaken to maximise the use of existing data and minimise the commissioning of new in vivo testing’ (ECHA Guidance R.7a, 2017, p. 364). The WoE approach serves to reduce or avoid animal testing, which should only be performed as last resort (REACh, article 25). The individual study reports were conducted in accordance with standardized guidelines. The study reports nevertheless show some deficiencies with respect to the comprehensiveness of the presented experimental details. Therefore, a reliability of 1 or 2 and thus adequacy as key study was not assignable for any of the individual studies. Consequently, the studies were assigned a Klimisch score of 4 (according to guidance document R.4, ‘not assignable: studies or data […] which do not give sufficient experimental details […]). Collectively, these experimental studies can be used to conclude on this endpoint and to satisfy the information requirement. The studies by Canton (1985), Wellens (1987) and Deneer (1989) were part of the BUA report 1990 which is regarded as peer-reviewed source.
The following studies were chosen for WoE:
Canton et al. (1985) carried out short-term toxicity tests on crustaceans (D. magna) in analogy with the OECD 202 proposal (1979). The authors determined an EC 50 (immobilisation) value of 1.6 mg/l after a 2 days (48 h) exposure period.
According to Deneer et al. (1989) an IC50 value of 4.2 mg/l after a 2 days exposure period was obtained in a short-term toxicity tests on crustaceans (D. magna) in analogy with the Dutch national standard method NEN6501.
The same value of 4.2 mg/l (EC50) after 2 days exposure period was reported by Maas-Diepeveen et al. (1986) in a short-term toxicity test on D. magna in analogy with the Dutch national standard method NEN6501.
The results obtained by Wellens et al. (1989) and those cited in the SIDS report 2002 were included in the WoE approach despite being considered not reliable (Klimisch 3) due to methodological deficiencies. The reported 24-h EC50 values are in the same order of magnitude.
Wellens 1987: A 24-h acute toxicity test with Daphnia magna was performed according to guideline DIN 38412, part 11. The reported LC50 (24h) value is 5.6 mg/L (reported as ppm (w/v)). Due to methodological deficiencies (the exposure time was too short: 24 h instead of the required 48h), the study was assigned a Klimisch score of 3 (not reliable).
SIDS final assesment report, 2002: A 24-h acute toxicity test with Daphnia magna was performed according to OECD guideline. Tested 1,2-dichloro-3-nitrobenzene had a purity of >99%. The reported LC50 (24h) value is 5 mg/L (reported as ppm (w/v)). Data was obtained from an unpublished report (Report on Toxicity to Fish-HPV/SIDS test conducted by the EA). Due to methodological deficiencies (the exposure time was too short: 24 h instead of the required 48h), the study was assigned a Klimisch score of 3 (not reliable).
Conclusion
The EC50 values obtained from these studies are in the same order of magnitude (48h EC50/IC50 range: 1.6-4.2 mg/L; 24h EC50: 5-5.6 mg/L). The most conservative value of 1.6 mg/L is chosen as key value for assessment.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 1.6 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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