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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-111-7 | CAS number: 115-84-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 132 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No inhalation study is available. The overall NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d is corrected for breathing rate (/0.38), activity (*0.67/10) and assuming that inhalation absorption is twice the level of oral absorption. The corrected inhalation NOAEC is therefore 132 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from sub-chronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Already taken into account in route to route extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor (rat study)
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 150 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No dermal study is available. As a worst case default assumption, dermal absorption is assumed to be the same as oral absorption. A corrected dermal NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d is therefore derived.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from sub-chronic suudy to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor (rat study)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor (workers)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Endpoint selection
BEPD is of low acute oral and dermal toxicity, is not a skin irritant or skin sensitiser, but is classified as an eye irritant. Repeated dose toxicity studies with BEPD identified renal toxicity specific to male rats. Based on the findings of these studies and the structural similarity of BEPD to substances know to cause male rat-specific nephropathy secondary to the deposition of alpha-2 -microglobulin, an overall NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d is derived. Non-renal findings in male rats and findings in female rats were relatively minor and were seen only at the limit dose level. The developmental toxicity study with BEPD did not identify any adverse effects; a maternal NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d was derived, based on effects at the limit dose. Based on the results of the 28 -day, 90-day and developmental toxicity studies, a starting point of 150 mg/kg bw/d is used for DNEL derivation.
Inhalation DNELs
Systemic Inhalation DNELs
The oral NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d from the rat studies is corrected for breathing rate (/0.38), activity (*0.67) and assuming that inhalation absorption is twice the level of oral absorption. The corrected inhalation NOAEC is therefore 132 mg/m3.
Long-term systemic inhalation DNEL
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 25. Application of the overall assessment factor to the corrected inhalation NOAEC results in a DNEL of 5.3 mg/m3.
Short-term systemic inhalation DNEL
A DNEL is not derived in the absence of any identified hazard. There is no indication of short-term or acute toxicity from other studies and the substance is not classified for acute toxicity.
Local Inhalation DNELs
DNELs are not derived in the absence of any evidence of respiratory irritation.
Dermal DNELs
Systemic Dermal DNELs
As a worst case default assumption, dermal absorption is assumed to be the same as oral absorption. A corrected dermal NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d is therefore derived.
Long-term systemic dermal DNEL
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 100. Application of the overall assessment factor to the corrected dermal NOAEL results in a DNEL of 1.5 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic dermal DNEL
A DNEL is not derived in the absence of any identified hazard. There is no indication of short-term or acute toxicity from other studies and the substance is not classified for acute toxicity.
Local Dermal DNELs
Local long-term and short-term dermal DNEL values are not derived, in the absence of an identified hazard. The substance is not a skin irritant or skin sensitiser.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 65 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No inhalation studies are available. The oral NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d from the rat developmental toxicity study is corrected for breathing rate (/1.15) and assuming that inhalation absorption is twice the level of oral absorption. The corrected inhalation NOAEC is therefore 65 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from a sub-chronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Already taken into account
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.75 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 150 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No dermal study is available. As a worst case default assumption, dermal absorption is assumed to be the same as oral absorption. A corrected dermal NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d is therefore derived.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from a sub-chronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor (rat study)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.75 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 150 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- Not required; the starting point is derived from an oral study
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from a sub-chronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor (rat study)
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Endpoint selection
BEPD is of low acute oral and dermal toxicity, is not a skin irritant or skin sensitiser, but is classified as an eye irritant. Repeated dose toxicity studies with BEPD identified renal toxicity specific to male rats. Based on the findings of these studies and the structural similarity of BEPD to substances know to cause male rat-specific nephropathy secondary to the deposition of alpha-2 -microglobulin, an overall NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d is derived. Non-renal findings in male rats and findings in female rats were relatively minor and were seen only at the limit dose level. The developmental toxicity study with BEPD did not identify any adverse effects; a maternal NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d was derived, based on effects at the limit dose. Based on the results of the 28 -day, 90-day and developmental toxicity studies, a starting point of 150 mg/kg bw/d is used for DNEL derivation.
Inhalation DNELs
Systemic Inhalation DNELs
The oral NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d from the rat studies is corrected for breathing rate (/1.15) and assuming that inhalation absorption is twice the level of oral absorption. The corrected inhalation NOAEC is therefore 65 mg/m3.
Long-term systemic inhalation DNEL
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 50. Application of the overall assessment factor to the corrected inhalation NOAEC results in a DNEL of 1.3 mg/m3.
Short-term systemic inhalation DNEL
A DNEL is not derived.. There is no indication of short-term or acute toxicity; BEPD is not classified for acute toxicity.
Local Inhalation DNELs
A DNEL is not derived in the absence of any indication of respiratory irritation.
Dermal DNELs
Systemic Dermal DNELs
As a worst case default assumption, dermal absorption is assumed to be the same as oral absorption. A corrected dermal NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/d is therefore derived.
Long-term systemic dermal DNEL
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 200. Application of the overall assessment factor to the corrected dermal NOAEL results in a DNEL of 0.75 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic dermal DNEL
A DNEL is not derived. There is no indication of short-term or acute toxicity and the substance is not classified for acute toxicity.
Local Dermal DNELs
Local long-term and short-term dermal DNEL values are not derived, in the absence of an identified hazard. The substance is not a skin irritant or skin sensitiser.
Oral DNELs
Systemic Oral DNELs
Correction of the starting point is not required.
Long-term systemic oral DNEL
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 200. Application of the overall assessment factor to the oral NOAEL results in a DNEL of 0.75 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic oral DNEL
A separate DNEL for acute/short-term exposure not derived. There is no indication of short-term or acute toxicity and the substance is not classified for acute toxicity.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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