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EC number: 203-402-6 | CAS number: 106-48-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1984
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable publication with several data sets (based on-GLP studies), including the result for the test substance .
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Measurement of median lethal dose as a rapid indication of contaminant toxicity to fish
- Author:
- Hodson PV., Dixon DG, Kaiser KLE
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 3:243–254.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Version: originally adapted in 1981
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- single mortality data are not presented.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-chlorophenol
- EC Number:
- 203-402-6
- EC Name:
- 4-chlorophenol
- Cas Number:
- 106-48-9
- Molecular formula:
- C6H5ClO
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-chlorophenol
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
Test solutions
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Hamilton syringe pump to create the 100% concentration of the test substance
- Eluate: Mount-Brungs diluter to achive dilutions of the test substance
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Strain: Oncorhynchus mykiss
- Source: Trout Farm. R.R. #1 (Otterville, ON, Canada)
- Length at study initiation (range): 4.6 - 6.4 cm
- Weight at study initiation (range): 1.2 - 3.8 g
- Method of breeding: The fish were not all from the same hatch.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: At least 1 week prior to use
- Acclimation conditions (same as test): 15 °C on a 16 h light / 8 h dark photoperiod
- Type and amount of food: Trout pellets (Ewos, Rundle Feed MilIs, Palmerston, ON, Canada), ratio recommended for their weight and acclimation temperature
- Feeding frequency: daily, except on weekends
Study design
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not reported.
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- averaged 86 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 14.4 - 16.5 °C (mean)
- pH:
- 7.60 - 8.19 (mean)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.6 - 9.4 mg/L (mean)
- Salinity:
- Not applicable.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 100, 180, 320, 560, 1000 mg/L (nominal concentrations); concentrations were measured during the test
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Bioassay tank
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 14 L
- Aeration: none
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Flow per tank varied between tests from 21 to 111 mL/min (depending on the chemical)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- The size of test fish was chosen such that the flow rate was always greater than 2 L per gram of fish per day.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: municipal supply drawn from Lake Ontario
- Chlorine: Less than 10 µg Cl/L by charcoal filtration and sunsequent addtion of 1 mg/L sodium sulfite
- Alkalinity: Not reported.
- Ca/mg ratio: Not reported.
- Conductivity: 340 µmhos/cm² - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 14.8 µmol/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- measured concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: LC50 (96 h) = 1.9 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Reported LC50 value was based on the means of measured concentrations
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The LC50 values were calculated from records of percent mortality using computerized probit analysis validated by analyzing data sets from Finney. When the number of partial mortalities was too low for probit analysis, the slopes of the probit lines were quite high. Hence, a graphical method for estimating LC50 values was an accurate alternative.
The means of triplicate LC50 value were compared by stepwise multiple regression analysis. In addition, LC50 values were ranked and compared by chi-square tests (x²). The probability level for all statistical tests for Type I error was p >= 0.05.
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Furthermore, a new method was developed to rapidly measure the toxicity of contaminants to fish over 96 h. The method is the measurement of median lethal doses by intraperitoneal injection (IP-LD50). The test substance was dissolved in 5% ethanol in saline or in cod-liver oil and injected at a rate of 1.0 mL per 100 g of fish.
The results of parallel bioassays to measure toxicity by oral intubation (OI-LD50) or aqueous exposure (LC50) were closely linked to IP-LD50 values.The coefficient of determination (r²) for a linear regression between IP-LD50 and OI-LD50 values was 0.99. In contrast, the r² between IP-LD50 and LC50 values was lower (0.44) and the regression curvilinear. However, r² improved to 0.82 when LD50 values were divided by the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P).Therefore, some of the differences in toxicity between chemicals may be due to interactions between their lipid (or water) solubilities and their rate of uptake by fish.
The IP-LD50 values of five chemicals varied with the carrier used; toxicity was lower for the oil carrier compared to injections with 5% ethanol in saline. The magnitude of the difference varied with the chemical tested, so that the two measures of toxicity did not appear to be related. However, the relationships again improved when the IP-LD50 (oil) was divided by log P.
The measurement of IP-LD50 values was faster, simpler and less expensive than traditional LC50 bioassays. The use of IP-LD50 values to screen chemicals for their relative toxicity to fish will save time and money without any real loss in the relevance of conclusions.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
In a short-term study with the test substance, 0 (control), 100, 180, 320, 560, 1000 mg/L (nominal concentrations) were exposed to Oncorhynchus mykiss. The LC50 was deemed as 1.9 mg/L in this non-GLP study on the basis of OECD203 (Hodson, 1984).
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