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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because the physicochemical and toxicological properties suggest no potential for a significant rate of absorption through the skin
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
Reference
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics, other
- Remarks:
- transformation/dissolution in artificial physiological media
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-08-25 - 2017-11-07
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Objective of study:
- bioaccessibility (or bioavailability)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 (23-Jul-2001): Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Bioaccessibility testing: loading of 100 mg/L; five artificial physiological media agitated at 100 rpm, at 37 °C ± 2 °C; sampling after 2 h and 24 h; determination of Cr,Fe, Ti and Zn concentrations after filtration by ICP-OES.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test was performed on the basis of OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 as well as according to the bioaccessibility test protocol that has been developed on the basis of relevant published methods ([1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]).
The aim of this test was to assess the dissolution of the pigment IIPC-2018-011 (Chromium, iron, titanium and zinc spinel and rutile) in the artificial physiological media GST, GMB, ALF, ASW and PBS. The test media were selected to simulate relevant human-chemical interactions (as far as practical), i.e. a substance entering the human body by ingestion or by inhalation.
Five different artificial physiological media with a single loading of test substance of 100 mg/Lwere used. The measurement of dissolved iron and magnesium concentrations after filtration were performed by ICP-OES. Samples were taken after 2 and 24 hours agitation (100 rpm) at 37 ± 2 °C. The study was performed in triplicate with two additional method blanks per medium.
[1] Hanawa T. 2004. Metal ion release from metal implants. Materials Science and Engineering C 24: 745-752.
[2] Stopford W., Turner J., Cappelini D., Brock T. 2004. Bioaccessibility testing of cobalt compounds. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 5: 675-680.
[3] Midander K., et al. 2007. In vitro studies of copper release from powder particles in synthetic biological media. Environmental Pollution 145: 51-59.
[4] European standard 1998. Test method for release of nickel from products intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin (EN 1811)
[5] ASTM 2003. Standard test method for determining extractability of metals from art materials. ASTM D5517-03. - GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Species:
- other: in vitro (simulated human body fluids)
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Test principle in brief:
- five different artificial physiological media,
- single loading of test substance of 100 mg/L,
- samples taken after 2 and 24 hours agitation (100 rpm) at 37 ± 2 °C,
- two method blanks per artificial media were tested; measurement (by ICP-OES) of dissolved chromium, iron, titanium and zinc after filtration
- the study was performed in triplicate
The aim of this test was to assess the dissolution of IPC-2018-011 (Chromium, iron, titanium and zinc spinel and rutile) in five artificial physiological media: Artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH = 4.5), Artificial sweat solution (ASW, pH = 6.5), Gamble´s solution (GMB, pH = 7.4), Artificial gastric fluid (GST, pH = 1.5), Phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4). The test media were selected to simulate relevant human-chemical interactions (as far as practical), i.e. a substance entering the human body by ingestion into the gastrointestinal tract and by inhalation. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Samples were taken after 2 h and 24 h.
- Dose / conc.:
- 100 other: mg of the test item /L artificial media
- Details on study design:
- Reagents
The water (resistivity >18 MΩ·cm.) used for this test was purified with a Pure Lab Ultra water purification system from ELGA LabWater, Celle, Germany.
- Nitric acid - “Supra” quality (ROTIPURAN® supplied by Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany).
- Hydrochloric acid – “instra-analyzed plus” quality (J.T. Baker, Griesheim, Germany).
- Sodiumhydroxide – pro Analysis quality (Chemsolute, Th. Geyer, Renningen, Germany)
Metal analysis
- Standards:
- Certified reference materials: As quality control standards certified aqueous reference material TM-26.4 (lot no. 1115) and TMDA-52.4 (lot no. 0915) obtained from Environment Canada and a multielement standard (Roth Multielemenstandard, lot no. F38770, Karlsruhe, Germany) were analysed for total dissolved chromium, iron, titanium and zinc by ICP-OES along with the samples to determine the accuracy of the applied analytical method. Furthermore, the calibration solutions were measured along with the ICP-OES measurements as recalibration standards.
Instrumental and analytical set-up for the ICP-OES instrument:
Agilent 720, Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany
Nebulizer: Sea spray nebulizer from Agilent
Spray chamber: Glass cyclonic spray chamber from Agilent
Plasma stabilization time: at least 30 min before start of the measurements
Plasma gas flow: 15.0 L/min
Additional gas flow: 1.50 L/min
Carrier gas flow: 0.75 L/min
RF power: 1200W
Stabilization time of sample: 15 sec
Repetition time (three internal measurements per sample): 30 sec
Wavelengths: Cr: 206.158 nm, 267.716 nm and 276.653 nm
Fe: 238.204 nm, 241.052 nm and 259.837 nm
Ti: 337.280 nm, 368.520 nm and 376.132 nm
Zn: 202.548 nm, 206.200 nm and 213.857 nm
Data treatment, LOD/LOQ calculations
The applied LOD/LOQ calculations for the Agilent 720 ICP-OES are (according to DIN 32645):
LOD: 3 x standard deviation of calibration blank/slope of the calibration
LOQ: 3 x LOD
All Cr, Ti, Zn and Fe concentrations were corrected for background elemental concentrations as
determined by the means of the corresponding blank vessels.
Calibration: blank, 1 µg/L, 2 µg/l, 4 µg/L, 6 µg/L, 8 µg/L, 10 µg/L, 20 µg/L, 40 µg/L, 60 µg/L, 80 µg/L, 100 µg/L, 120 µg/L, 140 µg/L, 150 µg/L, 160 µg/L, 180 µg/L, 200 µg/L, 250 µg/L, 300 µg/L, 350 µg/L, 400 µg/L, 450 µg/L and 500 µg/L, for measurements of test vessel samples and for mass balance sample calibration was extended to 750 µg/L and 1000 µg/L.
Correlation coefficients (r): at least 0.998661 - Details on dosing and sampling:
- Loading:
The nominal loading in this test was 100 mg/L. However, due to weighing uncertainties the actual loadings range from 100.004 mg/L to 100.028 mg/L in the 15 test vessels. - Type:
- other: Bioaccessibility
- Results:
- Higest dissolution at a loading of 0.1g/L in GST after 24h: Cr = 20.9µg/L, Fe = 90.2µg/L, Ti = 94.6µg/L, Zn = 112µg/L
- Bioaccessibility (or Bioavailability) testing results:
- Concentration of dissolved chromium in artificial physiological media (total Cr ± SD).
GST 2h: 10.3 ± 0.74 µg/L
GST 24h: 20.9 ± 0.29 µg/L
GMB 2h: 2.98 ± 0.03 µg/L
GMB 24h: 3.43 ± 0.13 µg/L
ALF 2h: 8.52 ± 0.51 µg/L
ALF 24h: 16.4 ± 0.10 µg/L
ASW 2h: 4.02 ± 0.09 µg/L
ASW 24h: 6.10 ± 0.17 µg/L
PBS 2h: 3.21 ± 0.18 µg/L
PBS 24h: 4.32 ± 0.18 µg/L
Concentration of dissolved iron in artificial physiological media (total Fe ± SD).
GST 2h: 25.2 ± 3.60 µg/L
GST 24h: 90.2 ± 1.71 µg/L
GMB 2h: 0.660 µg/L
GMB 24h: < LOD
ALF 2h: 20.0 ± 0.82 µg/L
ALF 24h: 47.9 ± 0.87 µg/L
ASW 2h: < LOD
ASW 24h: 1.46 ± 1.16 µg/L
PBS 2h: 2.00 ± 2.25 µg/L
PBS 24h: < LOD
Concentration of dissolved titanium in artificial physiological media (total Ti ± SD).
GST 2h: 25.7 ± 3.72 µg/L
GST 24h: 94.6 ± 1.76 µg/L
GMB 2h: < LOD/LOQ
GMB 24h: 0.830 ± 0.236 µg/L
ALF 2h: 18.0 ± 0.77 µg/L
ALF 24h: 46.1 ± 0.13 µg/L
ASW 2h: 1.30 ± 0.43 µg/L
ASW 24h: 19.7 ± 0.51 µg/L
PBS 2h: < LOD
PBS 24h: 1.71 ± 0.11 µg/L
Concentration of dissolved zinc in artificial physiological media (total Zn ± SD).
GST 2h: 86.9 µg/L
GST 24h: 112 µg/L
GMB 2h: 0.688 µg/L
GMB 24h:ALF 2h: 78.2 µg/L
ALF 24h: 101 µg/L
ASW 2h: 17.0 µg/L
ASW 24h: 63.0 µg/L
PBS 2h: 4.24 ± 2.04 µg/L
PBS 24h: 38.2 ± 0.84 µg/L - Conclusions:
- On the basis of OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 as well as according to a bioaccessibility test protocol, which has been developed on the basis of relevant published methods, the dissolution of the pigment IPC-2018-011 (chromium, iron, titanium and zinc spinel and rutile) in the artificial physiological media (GST, GMB, ALF, ASW and PBS) with a single loading of 100 mg/L, agitation (100 rpm) at 37 °C ± 2 °C and sampling after 2 and 24 h, was determined. The measurement of dissolved chromium, iron, titanium and zinc concentrations after filtration were performed by ICP-OES. The study was performed in triplicate with two additional method blanks per medium.
Concentration of dissolved chromium in artificial physiological media (total Cr ± SD).
GST 2h: 10.3 ± 0.74 µg/L
GST 24h: 20.9 ± 0.29 µg/L
GMB 2h: 2.98 ± 0.03 µg/L
GMB 24h: 3.43 ± 0.13 µg/L
ALF 2h: 8.52 ± 0.51 µg/L
ALF 24h: 16.4 ± 0.10 µg/L
ASW 2h: 4.02 ± 0.09 µg/L
ASW 24h: 6.10 ± 0.17 µg/L
PBS 2h: 3.21 ± 0.18 µg/L
PBS 24h: 4.32 ± 0.18 µg/L
Concentration of dissolved iron in artificial physiological media (total Fe ± SD).
GST 2h: 25.2 ± 3.60 µg/L
GST 24h: 90.2 ± 1.71 µg/L
GMB 2h: 0.660 µg/L
GMB 24h: < LOD
ALF 2h: 20.0 ± 0.82 µg/L
ALF 24h: 47.9 ± 0.87 µg/L
ASW 2h: < LOD
ASW 24h: 1.46 ± 1.16 µg/L
PBS 2h: 2.00 ± 2.25 µg/L
PBS 24h: < LOD
Concentration of dissolved titanium in artificial physiological media (total Ti ± SD).
GST 2h: 25.7 ± 3.72 µg/L
GST 24h: 94.6 ± 1.76 µg/L
GMB 2h: < LOD/LOQ
GMB 24h: 0.830 ± 0.236 µg/L
ALF 2h: 18.0 ± 0.77 µg/L
ALF 24h: 46.1 ± 0.13 µg/L
ASW 2h: 1.30 ± 0.43 µg/L
ASW 24h: 19.7 ± 0.51 µg/L
PBS 2h: < LOD
PBS 24h: 1.71 ± 0.11 µg/L
Concentration of dissolved zinc in artificial physiological media (total Zn ± SD).
GST 2h: 86.9 µg/L
GST 24h: 112 µg/L
GMB 2h: 0.688 µg/L
GMB 24h:ALF 2h: 78.2 µg/L
ALF 24h: 101 µg/L
ASW 2h: 17.0 µg/L
ASW 24h: 63.0 µg/L
PBS 2h: 4.24 ± 2.04 µg/L
PBS 24h: 38.2 ± 0.84 µg/L
Method validation summary (ICP-OES)
Limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs) and correlation coefficients (r) are given for each medium and metal measured:
ASW medium
date |
Chosen wavelength [nm] |
LOD |
LOQ |
correlation coefficient |
Sum of quality assurance samples |
Recovery of quality assurance samples [%] |
September 20, 2017; measurement of ASW test samples (2h and 24h) and method blanks |
Cr: 267.716 Fe: 259.837 Ti: 368.520 Zn: 213.857 |
Cr: 0.578 Fe: 1.13 Ti: 0.068 Zn: 0.135 |
Cr: 1.73 Fe: 3.38 Ti: 0.204 Zn: 0.405 |
Cr: 0.999961 Fe: 0.999979 Ti: 0.999957 Zn: 0.999538 |
Cr: 37 Fe: 37 Ti: 37 Zn: 37 |
Cr: 100 Fe: 100 Ti: 100 Zn: 97.3 |
PBS medium
date |
Chosen wavelength [nm] |
LOD |
LOQ |
correlation coefficient |
Sum of quality assurance samples |
Recovery of quality assurance samples [%] |
October 05, 2017; measurement of PBS test samples (2h and 24h) and method blanks |
Cr: 206.158 Fe: 238.204 Ti: 376.132 Zn: 213.857 |
Cr: 0.989 Fe: 0.350 Ti: 0.201 Zn: 0.259 |
Cr: 2.97 Fe: 1.05 Ti: 0.604 Zn: 0.778 |
Cr: 0.999655 Fe: 0.999932 Ti: 0.999646 Zn: 0.998661 |
Cr: 40 Fe: 40 Ti: 40 Zn: 40 |
Cr: 100 Fe: 100 Ti: 85 Zn: 90.0 |
GMB medium
date |
Chosen wavelength [nm] |
LOD |
LOQ |
correlation coefficient |
Sum of quality assurance samples |
Recovery of quality assurance samples [%] |
October 06, 2017; measurement of GMB test samples (2h and 24h) and method blanks |
Cr: 267.716 Fe: 238.204 Ti: 337.280 Zn: 202.548 |
Cr: 0.713 Fe: 0.221 Ti: 0.290 Zn: 0.095 |
Cr: 2.14 Fe: 0.664 Ti: 0.871 Zn: 0.286 |
Cr: 0.999970 Fe: 0.999983 Ti: 0.999892 Zn: 0.999900 |
Cr: 40 Fe: 40 Ti: 40 Zn: 40 |
Cr: 100 Fe: 100 Ti: 100 Zn: 85.0 |
GST medium
date |
Chosen wavelength [nm] |
LOD |
LOQ |
correlation coefficient |
Sum of quality assurance samples |
Recovery of quality assurance samples [%] |
October 11, 2017; measurement of GST test samples (2h and 24h) and method blanks |
Cr: 267.716 Fe: 238.204 Ti: 337.280 Zn: 202.548 |
Cr: 0.359 Fe: 0.411 Ti: 0.944 Zn: 0.318 |
Cr: 1.08 Fe: 1.23 Ti: 2.83 Zn: 0.955 |
Cr: 0.999870 Fe: 0.999943 Ti: 0.999954 Zn: 0.999862 |
Cr: 40 Fe: 40 Ti: 40 Zn: 40 |
Cr: 100 Fe: 100 Ti: 97.5 Zn: 97.5 |
ALF medium
date |
Chosen wavelength [nm] |
LOD |
LOQ |
correlation coefficient |
Sum of quality assurance samples |
Recovery of quality assurance samples [%] |
October 11, 2017; measurement of ALF test samples (2h and 24h) and method blanks |
Cr: 267.716 Fe: 259.837 Ti: 376.132 Zn: 202.548 |
Cr: 0.293 Fe: 1.22 Ti: 0.463 Zn: 0.278 |
Cr: 0.880 Fe: 3.66 Ti: 1.39 Zn: 0.834 |
Cr: 0.999981 Fe: 0.999958 Ti: 0.999953 Zn: 0.999923 |
Cr: 40 Fe: 40 Ti: 40 Zn: 40 |
Cr: 100 Fe: 85.0 Ti: 100 Zn:97.5 |
Solution pH values
The target pH in all media before addition of test substance was in the nominal range.
During the study, the pH of GST, ALF and PBS media remained stable in the method blank vessels and the test vessels. Therefore, a possible effect of the test substance can be excluded.
In GMB medium, the pH in all vessels (including method blanks) increased during the time of the test from 7.44 – 7.47 to 8.68, 8.75 and 8.80 (test vessels) and 7.46 and 7.47 to 8.67 and 8.69 (method blank vessels). Therefore, an effect of the test substance can be excluded. In fact, the pH of the GMB media does not seem to be stable under the conditions of the test.
In ASW medium, the pH in all vessels (including method blanks) decreased during the time of the test from 6.53 – 6.56 to 5.99 and 6.00 (test vessels) and 6.55 to 5.89 and 5.96 (method blank vessels). Therefore, an effect of the test substance can be excluded.
Temperature control
The test was performed in an incubated laboratory shaker (Shaking incubation cabinet, Minitron, INFORS AG, Bottmingen, Switzerland) at 100 rpm. The temperature was adjusted to 37.5 °C in a thermostatically controlled shaking cabinet to reach a temperature of 37 °C ± 2 °C in the media. The temperature remained stable during the test in all media.
Fortification
Mean recovery of fortified samples: 94.0 - 116 % (Cr fortification), 73.2 - 105 % (Fe fortification), 94.7 – 102% (Ti fortification) and 97.4 – 126% (Zn fortification).
Data source
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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