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EC number: 207-838-8 | CAS number: 497-19-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1983
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles. Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions. Reported as the key study with this level of reliability in the OECD SIDS Sodium Carbonate publication
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 983
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 2h exposure instead of 4h exposure; only males used; reporting less elaborate and complete; assays of cellular immunity were included.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium carbonate
- EC Number:
- 207-838-8
- EC Name:
- Sodium carbonate
- Cas Number:
- 497-19-8
- Molecular formula:
- CH2O3.2Na
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium carbonate
- Test material form:
- aerosol dispenser: not specified
- Remarks:
- migrated information: aerosol
- Details on test material:
- Test substance: sodium carbonate (purity 91%). (The OECD considered the study result reliable/acceptable.)
SOURCE: sodium combustion products, formed by sodium in combination with oxygen.
IMPURITY/ADDITIVE/ETC.: 9.0% NaOH and 0.0% NaHCO3
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Wistar and Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- 60 animals in total
Source: Not reported.
- Age: Adult
- Weight at study initiation: Average weight 365 g.
- Number of animals: 6 trials of each 10 animals.
- Controls: Not reported
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- - Particle size: median aerodynamic diametre ± GSD: 1.04±1.97 micrometre
- Type or preparation of particles: Sodium combines with oxygen to form combustion products. These react subsequently and rapidly with
atmospheric components. In a typical atmosphere the predominant reactions proceed rapidly from the oxide forms to NaOH, then to Na2CO3.
They all form in the atmosphere without appreciable settling and produce an aerosol in the order of 1 micrometre aerodynamic equivalent diameter. - Duration of exposure:
- 2 h
- Concentrations:
- Concentrations: 17 concentrations between 800-4600 mg/m3.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 animals per trial. Six trials in total = 60 animals for the complete testing.
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- METHOD FOLLOWED: More or less comparable to OECD guideline 403.
In addition cellular immunity was assessed using mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation assays and T-cell distribution assays in rats killed at
3-4 days and at 12-13 days after inhalation. The mitogens used were concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and
lipopolysaccharide. T-cell distribution was based on uptake of [3H]uridine.
DEVIATIONS FROM OECD GUIDELINE 403: 2h exposure instead of 4h exposure; only males used; reporting less elaborate and complete; assays of cellular immunity were included.
METHOD OF CALCULATION: LC50 were calculated from acute death (those occurring from beginning of the exposure to 2 hr after exposure) data from three trials. In other trials, acute deaths were scattered over all dose ranges. In no trial was LC50 calculable from overall death data (i.e., from beginning of exposure to 14 days after exposure). - Statistics:
- Not reported
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 2 300 mg/m³ air
- Based on:
- other: sodium combustion products, formed by sodium in combination with oxygen.
- Exp. duration:
- 2 h
- Mortality:
- - Time of death: During and within 1-2 hr after exposure, or beginning at 1 day after exposure, peaking at 5-7 days, and continuing to 9-10 days after exposure.
- Number of deaths at each dose: Not reported. - Clinical signs:
- other: Signs of respiratory impairment immediately after exposure. Dyspnea, wheezing, excessive salivation, and distention of the abdomen. In many animals, excessive salivation and repeated swallowing continued during the first 2 h r following exposure. Signs su
- Gross pathology:
- Lesions in respiratory tract in animals that died limited to the posterior pharynx, larynx, anterior trachea, and in approximately 3% of the animals, lungs.
- Other findings:
- A transitory immunologic repression. This may be, at least in part, contributory to bacteremia
Any other information on results incl. tables
In an attempt to establish a LC50 for sodium carbonate, a series of whole -body inhalation exposures of male rats (Sprague-Dawley and Wistar strains), male mice (Swiss-Webster) and male guinea pigs (Hartley-albino) to varying concentrations were performed (Busch et al., 1983).
The animals exhibited respiratory impairment when exposed for 2 hours to aerosols of sodium combustion products (1 μm aerodynamic equivalent diameter), the major constituent of which was shown to be sodium carbonate (rats 91% Na2CO3, dose range 800-4600 mg/m3, mice 95% Na2CO3, dose range 600-3000 mg/m3, guinea pigs 95% Na2CO3, dose range 500-3000 mg/m3). Clinical signs included dyspnoea, wheezing, excessive salivation and distention of abdomen. Mortality occurred mainly in
two periods, namely during exposure and within 1-2 hours afterwards or beginning at 1 day after exposure peaking at 5-7 days and continuing to 9-10 days after exposure. Lesions in animals that died during or shortly after exposure were present in the posterior pharynx and larynx and included accumulation of mucus, vesiculation, and mucosal oedema. Other lesions included oedema and
vesiculation of the anterior trachea, haemorrhage in the lungs, and severe gastric tympany. For animals that survived, lesions in the respiratory tract were limited to the laryngeal mucosa.
The LC50s for guinea pigs, mice and rats were calculated to be 800, 1200 and 2300 mg/m3, respectively
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- relatively harmless
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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