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EC number: 278-047-3 | CAS number: 74993-03-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Study period:
- 19 - 22 Feb 2002
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Significant methodological deficiencies
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 002
- Report date:
- 2002
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- C-Amin
- IUPAC Name:
- C-Amin
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): C4-Amin
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: 98%
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature (ca. 20 °C) in darkness away from direct sunlight
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: According to the results of a pretest, C4-Amine is not soluble in the test solution. A single water soluble fraction was made and was diluted to create additional test solutions. No auxiliary solvent or emulsifier was used. C4-Amin (100 mg/L) was weighed into test water and sonicated 15 minutes, followed by 48 hours of intensive stirring in the dark. The solution was then filtered under reduced pressure through a 0.45 µm membrane filter (Schleicher and Schuell Type NC45) and adjusted to pH 7.7 using 1N HCl. This stock was used as such for the highest concentration. The stock was diluted 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 and 1:32 by adding one part of stock solution to the appropriate volume (1, 3, 7, 15 or 31 parts) of test water.
- Chemical name of vehicle: No vehicle
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): none, test medium was a clear solution throughout experiment
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain: D. magna Straus
- Source: Clone propagated from original, provided 1992 by University of Sheffield. Clone 5.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 6-24 hours, not first brood progeny
- Method of breeding: Organisms bred under same light, temperature, and water quality conditions as in the test
- Feeding during test: No
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: No
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21 °C
- pH:
- 7.7 - 7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.1 - 8.5 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal loading rate: 100 mg/L (undiluted stock), 50 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 12.5 mg/L, 6.3 mg/L, 3.1 mg/L, negative control (untreated test water)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers (100 mL) with glass covers, filled with 50 mL test medium.
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: Ten
- No. of vessels per concentration: Two
- No. of vessels per control: Two
- Biomass loading rate: < 1 Daphnia/ 2mL
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water (analytical grade salts dissolved in purified water)
294.0 mg/L CaCl2 x 2∙H2O
123.0 mg/L MgSO4 x 7∙H2O
65.0 mg/L NaHCO3
5.8 mg/L KCl
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/l
- Ca/mg ratio: 4:1
- Aeration: Medium was aerated until oxygen saturation was reached prior to study, no further aeration.
- Culture medium different from test medium: Same medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Stock solution adjusted from pH 8.6 to pH 7.7 before dilution.
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light:dark, with 30 minute transition periods.
- Light intensity: 200-1200 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobilization at 24 and 48 hours. Those organisms not able to swim within 15 s after gentle agitation of the beaker were considered to be immobile.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2-fold dilution
- Range finding study: yes. Results not provided but used to set loading rate for stock solution in the definitive test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate tested at least once per year to demonstrate satisfactory test conditions. Test date and results not provided.
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- At 48 hours, 100% immobilization was observed in the undiluted stock (100 mg/L nominal loading rate) and 25% immobilization was observed in the 1:2 dilution (50 mg/L nominal loading rate). No immobility or other signs of intoxication were observed at any other test concentration or in the controls. It is not appropriate to calculate effects concentrations from dilutions of a water-soluble fraction having an unknown actual concentation.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- 48-hour EC50 could not be calculated from this data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- 48-hour EC50 could not be calculated from this data
- Executive summary:
Toxicity of C4-Amin to D. magna was assessed in a limit test conducted according to OECD 202. The test substance was not fully soluble at the limit of 100 mg/L, so a water soluble fraction (WSF) was made. Test substance (100 mg/L) was sonicated in reconstituted test water for 15 minutes, stirred for 48 hours, filtered to 0.45 µm under reduced pressure, and adjusted for pH. A 1:2 dilution series was tested of the WSF stock. Test substance concentrations were not analytically determined. Immobilization at 48 hours was 100% in the undiluted stock and 25% in the 1:2 dilution. No other dilutions displayed any immobilization.
While a toxic effect was observed in this study, it is not appropriate to calculate effects concentrations using nominal concentrations from a dilution series of a water soluble fraction when actual concentration of the WSF is not known. Further, the test substance should have been fully soluble at the concentration tested. This test is considered unreliable. It is not suitable for Risk Assessment, Classification & Labeling, and PBT Analysis.
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