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EC number: 236-144-8 | CAS number: 13189-00-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 05 - 28 November 2012
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- GLP study conducted in compliance with OECD Guideline 202 with minor deviations: static test system; oxygen concentration in some of the test vessels was observed to have an air saturation value (ASV) in excess of 100 %
- Justification for type of information:
- Read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- static test system; oxygen concentration in some of the test vessels was observed to have an air saturation value (ASV) in excess of 100 %
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: Water samples were taken from the control and the each test group (replicates R1 – R4 pooled) at
0 and 48 h for quantitative analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored at approximately -20 °C prior to analysis. Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approximately -20 °C for further analysis if necessary. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: An amount of test item (550 mg) was dispersed in 11 L of reconstituted water with the aid of a propeller stirrer at a rate of approximately 1500 rpm for a period of 24 h. After stirring any undissolved test item was removed by filtration using a 0.2 µm Gelman Acrocap filter (first approximate 500 mL discarded to pre-condition the filter) to give the 100 % v/v saturated solution test concentration. Aliquots (100, 180, 320 and 560 mL) of the 100 % v/v saturated solution test concentration were each separately added to a final volume of 1 L of reconstituted water to give the 10, 18, 32 and 56 % v/v saturated solution test concentrations respectively. Each stock solution and prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity.
- Controls: The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test item. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water Flea (Daphnia)
- Strain: Daphnia magna
- Source: In-house laboratory cultures
- Age at study initiation: 1st instar (< 24 h old)
- Method of breeding: Parthenogenesis
- Feeding during test: No
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Yes
- Type and amount of food: A mixture of algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and Tetramin® flake food suspension
- Feeding frequency: Daily - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20-22 °C
- pH:
- 7.1-8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.4-9.2 mg O2/L
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass jars containing approximately 200 mL of test preparation
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: Five
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4 replicates
- No. of vessels per blank control (replicates): 4 replicates
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted Water- Elendt M7 Medium
- Conductivity: < 5 µS/cm
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Water temperature was recorded daily throughout the test. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH were recorded at the start and termination of the test.
EQUIPMENTS:
- The pH and dissolved oxygen concentration were measured using a Hach HQ30d Flexi handheld meter.
- The temperature was measured using a Hanna Instruments HI 93510 digital thermometer.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h of continuous artificial light (419-426 lux) and 8 h continuous darkness with 20 min dawn and dusk transition periods
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Any immobilization or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 h after the start of exposure. The criterion of effect used was that Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 sec after gentle agitation.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100 % v/v saturated solution (nominal)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: In the range-finding test, no immobilization was observed at the test concentrations of 0.10, 1.0 and 10 % v/v saturated solution. However, immobilization was observed at 100 % v/v saturated solution. Based on this information test concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution were selected for the definitive test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (non-concurrent): 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 8.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: equivalent to 3.36 mg Zn/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 5.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 9.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Cumulative immobilisation % at 0, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution were 0, 0, 0, 5, 45 and 80 at 24 h and 0, 0, 0, 5, 80 and 85 at 48 h, respectively.
- EC50 (24 h): 11 mg/L (9.0-13 mg/L)
- EC50 (48 h): 8.7 mg/L (5.4-9.5 mg/L) - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: Yes
- EC50 (24 h): 0.75 mg/L (0.56-1.0 mg/L)
- EC50 (48 h): 0.45 mg/L (0.42-0.48 mg/L)
- NOEC after 24 and 48 h were 0.56 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - The EC50 values and associated confidence limits at 24 and 48 h and the slope of the response curve and its standard error were calculated by the maximum-likelihood probit method (Finney, 1971) using the ToxCalc computer software package (ToxCalc, 1999).
- Probit analysis was used where two or more partial responses to exposure were shown.
- The slopes and their standard errors of the response curves at 24 and 48 h were 4.84 (SE = 1.07) and 5.17 (SE = 3.06), respectively. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, the 48 h EC50 for read across substance zinc monomethacrylate to Daphnia magna based on mean measured test concentrations was 8.7 mg/L with 95 % confidence limits of 5.4-9.5 mg/L. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration based on mean measured test concentrations was considered to be 9.5 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration based on mean measured test concentrations was 5.4 mg/L. Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
- Executive summary:
An acute aquatic toxicity study was performed in accordance with GLP and OECD Guideline 202. Following a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to read across substance zinc monomethacrylate at concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution for 48 h at a temperature of 20-22 °C under static test conditions. The test item solution was prepared by stirring an excess (50 mg/L) of test item in test medium using a propeller stirrer at approximately 1500 rpm for 24 h. After the stirring period any undissolved test item was removed by filtration (0.2 µm Gelman Acrocap filter, first approximate 500 mL discarded in order to pre-condition the filter) to produce a 100 % v/v saturated solution of the test item. The numbers of immobilized Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 h. Cumulative immobilisation % at 0, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution were 0, 0, 0, 5, 45 and 80, respectively at 24 h, and 0, 0, 0, 5, 80 and 85, respectively at 48 h. Chemical analysis of the 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution test preparations showed measured test concentrations of 5.5, 9.5 and 17 mg/L, respectively at 0 h and 5 .4, 9.5 and 17 mg/L, respectively at 48 h, indicating that the test item was stable over the test period. Mortality in control group was <10 % (no immobilisation observed), whereas dissolved oxygen concentration was >3 mg O2/L. Under the test conditions, the 48 h EC50 for read across substance zinc monomethacrylate to Daphnia magna based on mean measured test concentrations was 8.7 mg/L (equivalent to 3.36 mg Zn/L) with 95 % confidence limits of 5.4-9.5 mg/L. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration based on mean measured test concentrations was considered to be 9.5 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration based on mean measured test concentrations was 5.4 mg/L (Parr, 2013). Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1998
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to section 13 of the dataset for read across justification
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Analytical determinations of the test substance concentrations were carried out at the start and the end of the test.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- No data
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- No data
- pH:
- No data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data
- Details on test conditions:
- No data
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 8.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Based on nominal concentration of substance: EC50 (48 h) = 8.9 mg/L and NOEC = 3.2 mg/L
- Based on measured concentration of Zn cation in zinc chloride: EC50 (48 h) = 2.1 mg/L and NOEC = 0.75 mg/L - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 value and 95 % confidence interval for mobility were calculated by means of a parametric model developed by Kooijman (1981) or, if too few concentrations showed partial mortality, by assuming a log-logistic dose-effect relation (van der Hoeven, 1991).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, the 48 h EC50 and NOEC values for read across substance zinc lactate to Daphnia magna were 8.9 and 3.2 mg/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations. The 48 h EC50 and NOEC values for zinc cation in read across substance zinc chloride were 2.1 and 0.75 mg/L, respectively, based on measured concentration of zinc metal. Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
- Executive summary:
In an acute aquatic toxicity study, performed in accordance with GLP and OECD Guideline 202, groups of Daphnia magna were exposed to read across substance zinc lactate at different concentrations for 48 h under static conditions. The toxicity of zinc lactate was determined simultaneously with zinc chloride. Under the test conditions, the 48 h EC50 and NOEC values for read across substance zinc lactate to Daphnia magna were 8.9 and 3.2 mg/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations. The 48 h EC50 and NOEC values for zinc cation in read across substance zinc chloride were 2.1 and 0.75 mg/L, respectively, based on measured concentration of zinc metal (Bowmer, 1998). Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- No data on purity or source of test item; test type not specified; no data on nominal or measured test concentrations; ranges of data for hardness, temperature and mortality in control group were different from the recommended ranges; no details on result, only LC50 was given (range and mean)
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to section 13 of the dataset for read across justification
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: Groups of Ceriodaphnia dubia were exposed to zinc sulphate for 96 h at pH 6-6.5, 7-7.5 and 8-8.5 and LC50 values were calculated.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- No data
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared in Millipore® (Milli-Q Corp., Bedford, MA) water.
- Controls: Blank very hard reconstituted water samples were pH adjusted and tested for toxicity to measure the effects of pH adjustments alone on sample toxicity. In all cases, blank mortality was ≤ 20 % . - Test organisms (species):
- Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: Cultured at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) laboratory in Duluth, Minnesota
- Age at study initiation: ≤ 48 h
- Feeding: 100 µL of a yeast-Cerophyl (Agri-Tech, Kansas City, MO)-fermented Purina Brand (St. Louis, MO) Trout Chow solution (6 mg/L solids, final concentration) - Test type:
- other: not specified but seems to be static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data
- Hardness:
- 280-300 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 25 °C
- pH:
- 6.0-6.5, 7.0-7.5 and 8.0-8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Never below 5 mg/L (60 % saturation)
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 30 mL aliquots at each concentration were dispensed into 30 mL polystyrene cups and sealed with 35 mm polystyrene culture dish bottoms as lids to prevent headspace gas exchange. Vessels at pH 8.25 were not sealed.
- No. of organisms per vessel: Five
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Duplicate or triplicate
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Very hard reconstituted water (VHRW)
- Alkalinity: 225-245 mg/L as CaCO3
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Yes, adjusted to the desired test pH (6.25 and 7.25, with 8.25 remaining unadjusted) using analytical-grade HCl
- pH values were measured at termination using a Beckman Instruments (Fullerton, CA) model 70 pH meter equipped with a Beckman KCI-filled probe.
- Photoperiod: 16 h light and 8 h dark cycle - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 530 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: total metal concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 6-6.5
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 360 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: total metal concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL = 260-500; at pH 7-7.5
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 95 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: total metal concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL = 86-105; at pH 8-8.5
- Details on results:
- - LC50 (48 h) values at pH 6-6.5, 7-7.5 and 8-8.5 were > 530, 360 (260-500) and 95 (86-105) µg/L, respectively.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) and corresponding 95 % CI were calculated using the trimmed Spearman-Karber method.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, the LC50 (48 h) values of read across substance zinc sulphate to Ceriodaphnia dubia at pH 6-6.5, 7-7.5 and 8-8.5 were calculated to be > 530, 360 (260-500) and 95 (86-105) µg/L, respectively. Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
- Executive summary:
In an acute aquatic toxicity study, performed similarly to OECD Guideline 202, groups (2 or 3 replicates of 5 organisms/vessel) of Ceriodaphnia dubia were exposed to read across substance zinc sulphate at different concentrations for 48 h at pH 6-6.5, 7-7.5 and 8-8.5. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) and corresponding 95 % CI were calculated using the trimmed Spearman-Karber method. Mortality in blank control was ≤ 20 %. Dissolved O2 concentrations during the test were never below 5 mg/L (60 % saturation). Under the test conditions, the LC50 (48 h) values of read across substance zinc sulphate to Ceriodaphnia dubia at pH 6-6.5, 7-7.5 and 8-8.5 were calculated to be > 530, 360 (260-500) and 95 (86-105) µg/L, respectively (Schubauer-Berrigan, 1993). Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
Referenceopen allclose all
Chemical analysis:
Chemical analysis of the 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution test preparations showed measured test concentrations of 5.5, 9.5 and 17 mg/L, respectively at 0 h and 5.4, 9.5 and 17 mg/L, respectively at 48 h, indicating that the test item was stable over the test period.
Table 6.1.3/1: Cumulative immobilisation data in the definitive test
Nominal concentration (% v/v saturated solution) |
Cumulative Immobilised Daphnia (Initial Population: 5 Per Replicate) |
|||||||||||
24 h |
48 h |
|||||||||||
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1* |
5 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1* |
5 |
56 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
9 |
45 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
16 |
80 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
16 |
80 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
17 |
85 |
R1 – R4 = Replicates 1 to 4
*Single immobilised daphnid considered to be due to natural causes as less than 10 % immobilisation occurred.
None
None
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- ca. 8.7 mg/L
Additional information
An acute aquatic toxicity study was performed in accordance with GLP and OECD Guideline 202. Following a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to read across substance zinc monomethacrylate at concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution for 48 h at a temperature of 20-22 °C under static test conditions. The test item solution was prepared by stirring an excess (50 mg/L) of test item in test medium using a propeller stirrer at approximately 1500 rpm for 24 h. After the stirring period any undissolved test item was removed by filtration (0.2 µm Gelman Acrocap filter, first approximate 500 mL discarded in order to pre-condition the filter) to produce a 100 % v/v saturated solution of the test item. The numbers of immobilized Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 h. Cumulative immobilisation % at 0, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution were 0, 0, 0, 5, 45 and 80, respectively at 24 h, and 0, 0, 0, 5, 80 and 85, respectively at 48 h. Chemical analysis of the 32, 56 and 100 % v/v saturated solution test preparations showed measured test concentrations of 5.5, 9.5 and 17 mg/L, respectively at 0 h and 5 .4, 9.5 and 17 mg/L, respectively at 48 h, indicating that the test item was stable over the test period. Mortality in control group was <10 % (no immobilisation observed), whereas dissolved oxygen concentration was >3 mg O2/L. Under the test conditions, the 48 h EC50 for read across substance zinc monomethacrylate to Daphnia magna based on mean measured test concentrations was 8.7 mg/L (equivalent to 3.36 mg Zn/L) with 95 % confidence limits of 5.4-9.5 mg/L. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration based on mean measured test concentrations was considered to be 9.5 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration based on mean measured test concentrations was 5.4 mg/L (Parr, 2013). Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
In an acute aquatic toxicity study, performed in accordance with GLP and OECD Guideline 202, groups of Daphnia magna were exposed to read across substance zinc lactate at different concentrations for 48 h under static conditions. The toxicity of zinc lactate was determined simultaneously with zinc chloride. Under the test conditions, the 48 h EC50 and NOEC values for read across substance zinc lactate to Daphnia magna were 8.9 and 3.2 mg/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations. The 48 h EC50 and NOEC values for zinc cation in read across substance zinc chloride were 2.1 and 0.75 mg/L, respectively, based on measured concentration of zinc metal (Bowmer, 1998). Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
In an acute aquatic toxicity study, performed similarly to OECD Guideline 202, groups (2 or 3 replicates of 5 organisms/vessel) of Ceriodaphnia dubia were exposed to read across substance zinc sulphate at different concentrations for 48 h at pH 6-6.5, 7-7.5 and 8-8.5. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) and corresponding 95 % CI were calculated using the trimmed Spearman-Karber method. Mortality in blank control was ≤ 20 %. Dissolved O2 concentrations during the test were never below 5 mg/L (60 % saturation). Under the test conditions, the LC50 (48 h) values of read across substance zinc sulphate to Ceriodaphnia dubia at pH 6-6.5, 7-7.5 and 8-8.5 were calculated to be > 530, 360 (260-500) and 95 (86-105) µg/L, respectively (Schubauer-Berrigan, 1993). Similar results can be expected for zinc dimethacrylate.
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