Willow, Salix alba, ext.

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Based on the information from valid tests performed according to relevant testing guidelines, there are no classification requirements for the submission substance with regard to physico-chemical properties.

Relevant key information is given in the endpoint summaries on the respective properties.

For a summary and conclusion with regard to overall physical hazards and respective classification and labelling requirements, see below!

Additional information

A full set of physico-chemical information is available with all of the essential parameters determined according to established testing guidelines. Classification issues are discussed in more detail in the relevant endpoint summaries.

Based on a reliable and valid test performed compliant with GLP according to UN-tet O.1 (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Test and Criteria (Rev. 6, 2015) Part III) the test item has no oxidising properties.

The test item was determined to be not a readily combustible solid in the sense of UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Method N.1 and according to chapter 2.7 of the GHS (CLP) regulation.

Experience from the handling and use of the substance allows excluding reaction with water to emit flammable gases (according to CLP Regulation, Annex I, part 2, section 2.12.4).

Experience from the handling and use of the substance allows excluding pyrophoric properties (according to CLP Regulation, Annex 1, Part 2, section 2.10.4.1).

The submission substance has no self-heating properties according to a reliable study performed according to UN test N.4.

The submission substance has no oxidising properties according to a reliable and valid test performed compliant with GLP according to UN-test O.1 (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Test and Criteria (Rev. 6, 2015) Part III).

With regard to classification for corrosiveness to metals, CLP guidance (1) outlines that only liquid substances as well as solids that may become liquids (melting point < 55°C) must be taken into consideration here. Because for the submission substance no melting point could be determined till decomposition, there is no potential for corrosiveness to metals.

The submission substance was tested for classification requirements regarding explosiveness and self-reactiveness. According to UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Manual of Tests and Criteria, rev. 6 (2015), Appendix 6 (Screening Procedures), these properties can be excluded based on analysis of the exothermic decomposition energy. To this end, the exothermic decomposition energy was determined in a reliable and valid test performed compliant with GLP using differential scanning calorimetry under nitrogen in closed crucibles. The study methodology followed the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Manual of Tests and Criteria as well as OECD test guideline 113 (Screening test for thermal stability and stability in air).

Results from DSC analysis of exothermic decomposition energy, with interpretation according to UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Manual of Tests and Criteria, rev. 6 (2015), Appendix 6:

The heat of decomposition was between 601 and 785 J/g.

Interpretation:

The heat of decomposition was above 300 J/g. Therefore, additional tests have to be performed for a classification or an exclusion as self-reactive substance.

The heat of decomposition was above 500 J/g. Therefore, additional tests have to be performed for a classification or an exclusion as explosive substance.

The heat of decomposition was below 800 J/g. Therefore, neither a Series 1 type (a) propagation of detonation test nor a Series 2 type (a) test of sensitivity to detonative shock is required.

Explosiveness: In follow-up of the DSC-screening test outlined above, the Time/Pressure test was performed according to UN tests 1(c), 2(c) and C.1 and the Koenen test was performed according to UN tests 1(b), 2(b) and E.1.

In combination of results from a) the DSC screening test on exothermic decomposition energy (maximum 785 J/g starting at 140 °C), b) Time/Pressure test (a pressure rise to 2070 Pa above atmospheric was not achieved), and c) Koenen test (the limiting diameter is less than 1 mm and the effect of all tests is of type "O", i.e. tube unchanged) explosive properties of the test item White Willow bark extract can be excluded according to series 1 of the UN Recommendations on Transport of Dangerous Goods - Manual of Test and Criteria, rev. 6 (2015).

There are no classification requirements regarding explosive properties.  

Self-reactiveness: In follow-up of the DSC-screening test outlined above, possible self-reactive properties of White Willow bark extract were determined in an adiabatic storage test performed according to UN-test H2. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) was determined as a measure of the combined effect of the ambient temperature, decomposition kinetics, packaging size and the heat transfer properties of the substance and its packaging.

Based on the results of the adiabatic storage test the SADT was derived as 125 °C for a 50 kg container. As the exothermal reaction started during the ramp phase of the experiment, a higher uncertainty had to be assumed. Therefore, the final result was given as >75 °C for a 50 kg container. Accordingly, self-reactive properties can be excluded for the test item White Willow bark extract.

Overall, based on the reliable data-set, the substance does not have to be classified for physical hazards.

(1) Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria; ECHA-17-G-21-EN, July 2017