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EC number: 701-298-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 19 April 2017 to 25 september 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dialkyl C18 and C18-unsaturated phosphonates
- EC Number:
- 701-298-1
- Cas Number:
- 64051-29-2
- Molecular formula:
- Not applicable for a UVCB Substance
- IUPAC Name:
- Dialkyl C18 and C18-unsaturated phosphonates
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): The source of test organisms was activated sludge freshly obtained from a municipal sewage treatment plant: 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The freshly obtained sludge was used immediately. The concentration of suspended solids was determined to be 3.6 g/L in the concentrated sludge. Before use, the sludge was allowed to settle (44 minutes) and the supernatant liquid was used as inoculum at the amount of 10 mL/L of mineral medium. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- TOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 63
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- 85% degradation within 14 days
Any other information on results incl. tables
Theoretical CO2 Production
The ThCO2 of Alkenyl phosphonate was calculated to be 2.33 mg CO2/mg.
The ThCO2 of sodium acetate was calculated to be 1.07 mg CO2/mg.
Biodegradation of Alkenyl phosphonate and Sodium Acetate in the Modified Sturm Test
The relative biodegradation values calculated from the measurements performed during the test period revealed 63% and 60% biodegradation of Alkenyl phosphonate, for A and B, respectively (based on ThCO2).
Since the test item is a UVCB and sequential degradation of the components is to be expected, the 10-day window need not be applied. Therefore, the test item can be classified as readily biodegradable.
In the toxicity control, more than 25% biodegradation occurred within 14 days (59%, based on ThCO2). Therefore, the test item was assumed not to inhibit microbial activity.
pH Values of
Different Test Media
Test medium: |
At the start of the test: |
On day 14: |
On day 28: |
Blank control (A) |
7.7 → 7.61 |
- |
7.8 |
Blank control (B) |
7.7 → 7.61 |
- |
7.8 |
Positive control |
7.7 → 7.61 |
7.9 |
- |
Alkenyl phosphonate (A) |
7.7 → 7.61 |
- |
7.6 |
Alkenyl phosphonate (B) |
7.7 → 7.61 |
- |
7.7 |
Toxicity control |
7.7 → 7.61 |
7.8 |
- |
¹: Adjusted using 1 M HCl (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)
CO2Production in the Blank
Day |
HCl (0.05 N) titrated (mL) |
Produced CO2 (mL HCl) |
Produced CO2 (mg) |
Cumulative CO2 (mg) |
|
|
Ba(OH)21) |
Blank (mean) |
|
||||
1 |
50.04 |
47.67 |
2.36 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
4 |
50.43 |
46.46 |
3.98 |
4.4 |
7.0 |
|
6 |
50.72 |
47.35 |
3.37 |
3.7 |
10.7 |
|
8 |
51.17 |
47.04 |
4.13 |
4.5 |
15.2 |
|
11 |
51.34 |
47.33 |
4.01 |
4.4 |
19.6 |
|
15 |
50.56 |
46.48 |
4.09 |
4.5 |
24.1 |
|
18 |
50.81 |
46.72 |
4.09 |
4.5 |
28.6 |
|
22 |
51.10 |
46.45 |
4.65 |
5.1 |
33.7 |
|
25 |
50.13 |
45.59 |
4.54 |
5.0 |
38.7 |
|
292) |
50.52 |
44.81 |
5.72 |
6.3 |
45.0 |
|
292) |
49.96 |
46.69 |
3.28 |
3.6 |
48.6 |
|
292) |
49.89 |
48.10 |
1.79 |
2.0 |
50.6 |
|
1): "Strength" of untreated 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2solution 2): CO2measured on day 29 is actually part of CO2production of day 28, since microbial activity was ended on day 28 by addition of HCl. |
CO2Production and Percentage Biodegradation of the Positive Control Item
Day |
HCl (0.05 N) titrated (mL) |
Produced CO2 (mL HCl) |
Produced CO2 (mg) |
Cumulative CO2 (mg) |
Biodegradation1) (%) |
|||
Blank (mean) |
||||||||
1 |
47.67 |
48.11 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0 |
||
4 |
46.46 |
26.70 |
19.76 |
21.7 |
21.7 |
25 |
||
6 |
47.35 |
32.93 |
14.42 |
15.9 |
37.6 |
44 |
||
8 |
47.04 |
37.32 |
9.72 |
10.7 |
48.3 |
56 |
||
11 |
47.33 |
37.57 |
9.76 |
10.7 |
59.0 |
69 |
||
152) |
46.48 |
33.98 |
12.50 |
13.7 |
72.8 |
85 |
||
1): Calculated as the ratio between CO2produced (cumulative) and the ThCO2of sodium acetate: 85.6 mg CO2/2L. 2): CO2measured on day 15 is actually part of CO2production of day 14, since microbial activity was ended on day 14 by addition of HCl. |
|
|||||||
CO2Production and Percentage Biodegradation of the Test Item (Bottle A)
Day |
HCl (0.05 N) titrated (mL) |
Produced CO2 (mL HCl) |
Produced CO2 (mg) |
Cumulative CO2 (mg) |
Biodegradation1) (%) |
||
Blank (mean) |
Bottle A |
||||||
1 |
47.67 |
47.42 |
0.25 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0 |
|
4 |
46.46 |
44.87 |
1.59 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
3 |
|
6 |
47.35 |
44.45 |
2.90 |
3.2 |
5.2 |
7 |
|
8 |
47.04 |
45.93 |
1.11 |
1.2 |
6.4 |
9 |
|
11 |
47.33 |
39.30 |
8.03 |
8.8 |
15.3 |
20 |
|
15 |
46.48 |
35.59 |
10.89 |
12.0 |
27.2 |
36 |
|
18 |
46.72 |
37.94 |
8.78 |
9.7 |
36.9 |
49 |
|
22 |
46.45 |
40.81 |
5.64 |
6.2 |
43.1 |
58 |
|
25 |
45.59 |
43.44 |
2.15 |
2.4 |
45.4 |
61 |
|
292) |
44.81 |
43.60 |
1.21 |
1.3 |
46.8 |
63 |
|
292) |
46.69 |
46.76 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
46.8 |
63 |
|
292) |
48.10 |
48.00 |
0.09 |
0.1 |
46.9 |
63 |
|
1): Calculated as the ratio between CO2produced (cumulative) and the ThCO2of the test item: 74.7 mg CO2/2L. 2): CO2measured on day 29 is actually part of CO2production of day 28, since microbial activity was ended on day 28 by addition of HCl. |
|
||||||
CO2Production and Percentage Biodegradation of the Test Item (Bottle B)
Day |
HCl (0.05 N) titrated (mL) |
Produced CO2 (mL HCl) |
Produced CO2 (mg) |
Cumulative CO2 (mg) |
Biodegradation1) (%) |
||
Blank (mean) |
Bottle B |
||||||
1 |
47.67 |
49.15 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0 |
|
4 |
46.46 |
47.76 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0 |
|
6 |
47.35 |
46.03 |
1.32 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
2 |
|
8 |
47.04 |
45.85 |
1.19 |
1.3 |
2.7 |
4 |
|
11 |
47.33 |
41.17 |
6.16 |
6.8 |
9.5 |
13 |
|
15 |
46.48 |
36.25 |
10.23 |
11.2 |
20.8 |
28 |
|
18 |
46.72 |
39.38 |
7.34 |
8.1 |
28.8 |
39 |
|
22 |
46.45 |
40.30 |
6.15 |
6.8 |
35.6 |
48 |
|
25 |
45.59 |
41.73 |
3.86 |
4.2 |
39.9 |
54 |
|
292) |
44.81 |
40.99 |
3.82 |
4.2 |
44.0 |
60 |
|
292) |
46.69 |
46.86 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
44.0 |
60 |
|
292) |
48.10 |
48.51 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
44.0 |
60 |
|
1): Calculated as the ratio between CO2produced (cumulative) and the ThCO2of the test item: 74.0 mg CO2/2L. 2): CO2measured on day 29 is actually part of CO2production of day 28, since microbial activity was ended on day 28 by addition of HCl. |
|
||||||
CO2Production and Percentage Biodegradation of the Toxicity Control
Day |
HCl(0.05 N) titrated (mL) |
Produced CO2 (mL HCl) |
Produced CO2 (mg) |
Cumulative CO2 (mg) |
Biodegradation1) (%) |
|
Blank (mean) |
Toxicity control |
|||||
1 |
47.67 |
48.80 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0 |
4 |
46.46 |
30.23 |
16.23 |
17.8 |
17.8 |
11 |
6 |
47.35 |
34.00 |
13.35 |
14.7 |
32.5 |
20 |
8 |
47.04 |
36.61 |
10.43 |
11.5 |
44.0 |
28 |
11 |
47.33 |
31.82 |
15.51 |
17.1 |
61.1 |
38 |
152) |
46.48 |
15.83 |
30.65 |
33.7 |
94.8 |
59 |
1): Calculated as the ratio between CO2produced (cumulative) and the sum of the ThCO2of the test item and positive control: 159.6 mg CO2/2L (ThCO2test item: 74.0 mg CO2/2L + ThCO2sodium acetate: 85.6 mg CO2/2L). 2): CO2measured on day 15 is actually part of CO2production of day 14, since microbial activity was ended on day 14 by addition of HCl. |
Comparison of Biodegradation of the Test Item in Bottles A and B
Day |
Biodegradation (%) |
|||
Bottle A |
Bottle B |
Mean A and B |
∆ A-B1) |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
7 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
8 |
9 |
4 |
7 |
5 |
11 |
20 |
13 |
17 |
7 |
15 |
36 |
28 |
32 |
8 |
18 |
49 |
39 |
44 |
10 |
22 |
58 |
48 |
53 |
10 |
25 |
61 |
54 |
58 |
7 |
292) |
63 |
60 |
62 |
3 |
292) |
63 |
60 |
62 |
3 |
292) |
63 |
60 |
62 |
3 |
1): Absolute difference in biodegradation between bottles A and B 2): Biodegradation is ended on day 28 by addition of HCl. Therefore, differences observed on day 29 are actually differences of day 28. |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, Alkenyl phosphonate was readily biodegradable under the conditions of the modified Sturm test
- Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the non-volatile test item Alkenyl phosphonate for its ready biodegradability in an aerobic aqueous medium with microbial activity introduced by inoculation with the supernatant of activated sludge; Carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution test (modified Sturm test).
The study procedures described in this report were in compliance with the OECD guideline No. 301 B, 1992. In addition, the procedures were designed to meet the test methods of the ISO standard 10634, 1995. Alkenyl phosphonate was a colourless liquid UVCB of high purity. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content of the test item was determined to be 63.52%. Based on the TOC content the ThCO2 of the test item was calculated to be 2.33 mg CO2/mg. The test item was
tested in duplicate at a target concentration of 16 mg/L, corresponding to 10 mg TOC/L.
The study consisted of six bottles:
2 inoculum blanks (no test item),
2 test bottles (Alkenyl phosphonate),
1 positive control (sodium acetate) and
1 toxicity control (Alkenyl phosphonate plus sodium acetate).
Since Alkenyl phosphonate was not sufficiently soluble to allow preparation of an aqueous solution at a concentration of 1 g/L, weighed amounts were added to the 2-litres test bottles containing medium with microbial organisms and mineral components. To this end, 10 mL of Milli-RO water was added to each weighing bottle containing the test item. After vigorous mixing (vortex) the resulting suspension was added quantitatively to the test medium. The test solutions were continuously stirred during the test to ensure optimal contact between the test item and test organisms. Test duration was 28 days for the inoculum blank and test item (last CO2 measurement on day 29) and 14 days for the positive and toxicity control (last CO2 measurement on day 15). The relative biodegradation values calculated from the measurements performed during the test period revealed 63% and 60% biodegradation of Alkenyl phosphonate, for A and B,
respectively (based on ThCO2). Since the test item is a UVCB and sequential degradation of the components is to be
expected, the 10-day window need not be applied. Therefore, the test item can be classified as
readily biodegradable. In the toxicity control, Alkenyl phosphonate was found not to inhibit microbial activity.
Since all criteria for acceptability of the test were met, this study was considered to be valid.
In conclusion, Alkenyl phosphonate was designated as readily biodegradable.
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