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EC number: 701-249-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Experimental phase conducted on 26th April 1995
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study following GLP.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: The targeted test concentrations for the test substance were 1, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 ppm (mg/L).
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
No organic solvents were used to facilitate the dispersion of the test substance, which is low in water solubility. For concentrations 1,000 ppm or 10,000 ppm, the test substance was weighed directly into the test flasks with water. For lower concentrations (1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm) the test substance was weighed onto a solid carrier (a 1"x1" Teflon coupon) and introduced to the test flask. The test mixtures were well agitated by air flow at all times, and for test flasks with 1,000 and 10,000 ppm concentrations, magnetic stirring was employed to ensure dispersion of the test substance. - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge, domestic
- Details on inoculum:
- The inoculum used was the return sludge collected from a local waste water treatment plant (Mentor, Ohio). On return to the laboratory the sludge was centrifuged and the supernatant decanted. The sludge was then washed in water three times by re-suspension and centrifugation. A small amount of the washed sludge was dried and weighed. From this result one calculates the amount of wet sludge which must be suspended in water in order to obtain an activated sludge with a mixed liquor suspended solids level of 4 g/L (+ 10%). This level gives a concentration of 1.6 g/L in the test medium.
If the sludge could not be used on the day of collection, ~50 mL synthetic sewage was added to each liter of the activated sludge prepared as described above; this was then aerated overnight at room temperature. It was then kept aerated for use during the day. Before use the pH was checked to be within 6.0- 8.0 (using pH paper).
If the same batch of sludge was required to be used on subsequent days (maximum four days), a further 25-50 mL of synthetic sewage feed was added to each liter of the sludge at the end of each working day. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- Ambient temperature (not monitored)
- pH:
- The pH of the solution was in the range 7 to 8.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured: 1.6, 10.6, 103.2, 1040, 10,000 ppm
- Details on test conditions:
- The test vessels were 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks. The water used was deionized. The air supply was 0.5-1.0 liters/minute, oil free. The measuring
vessels were 300 ml BOD bottles. An Orion dissolved oxygen probe-Orion digital analyzer was used as the oxygen meter. The nutrient solution was synthetic sewage feed. 3,5-Dichlorophenol (10, 20, 40 ppm) was employed as well as a negative control which consisted of inoculated medium
without test substance. The test material dose levels evaluated were 1.6, 10.6, 103.2, 1040, 10,000 ppm.
Each test material level was aerated for three hours. Positive control and a second untreated control mixtures were then prepared. After 3 hours each mixture was poured into a separate 300 ml BOD bottle and the respiration rate was measured by monitoring the dissolved oxygen level in each
mixture over a period of up to 10 minutes. The respiratory rates of the negative control, positive control and the test material mixtures were calculated as mg oxygen/liter hour. The inhibitory effect of the test material and positive control was then determined at each prepared concentration in
comparison to the two negative control mixtures. The NOEC was determined as the highest concentration of test material with an observed
inhibitory effect of less than or equal to 15%. The EC50 was determined by plotting percent inhibition vs concentration.
The test is considered valid if the following criteria are met:
1. The two control respiration rates are within 15% of each other.
2. The EC50 (3 hours) of 3,5-dichlorophenol is in the accepted range 5 to 30 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Details on results:
- In order for the study to be considered valid the two negative control respiratory rates were required to be within 15% of each other and the 3 hour
EC50 of the positive control was required to be in the range of 5 to 30 mg/liter. The two negative control mixture respiratory rates were within 15% of each other and the 3-hour EC50 of the positive control mixture was between 10 and 20 mg/liter confirming the validity of the assay.
The test material did not exhibit significant toxicity towards the microbial population at test concentrations levels up to 1000 ppm. At 10,000 ppm
slight inhibition (26%) of microbial respiration was observed. The EC50 was estimated to be greater than 10,000 ppm and the NOEC was estimated tobe 1,000 ppm. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 3-hour EC50 of the positive control mixture was between 10 and 20 mg/liter.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- 1. The respiration rate is calculated from the recorder trace as mg O2/L.hr. The portion of the respiration curve over which the respiration rate is measured should be linear.
2. The following equation is used to calculate the inhibitory effect of a test/ reference substance at a particular concentration
[1- 2Rs/(RC1 +RC2)] *100 = per cent inhibition where:
Rs = oxygen consumption rate at tested concentration of substance RC1 = oxygen consumption rate, Control 1 Rc2 = oxygen consumption rate, Control 2
3. Estimate the range of concentrations where EC50 value for the reference substance (3,5 dichlorophenol) resides in.
4. Determine the NOEC of the test substance as the highest test concentration with observed inhibition less than or equal to 15%.
5. Determine the EC50 of the test substance by plotting the "percent inhibition" employing a linear Y axis versus the concentration of the test substance on a logarithmic X axis. Visually fit a straight line through the apparent slope of the data points where concentration-effect was observed. (Since only two or three data points were involved in the line fitting, no statistical method was used.) The EC50 was the concentration of the test candidate that resulted in a 50% inhibition of respiration. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test substance up to a concentration of 1,000 ppm, is non-inhibitory to the microbial population. It slightly inhibits microbial respiration at a concentration of 10,000 ppm.
- Executive summary:
The ecotoxicity of the test substance was evaluated using the activated sludge, respiration inhibition test (OECD guideline 209 cunducted to GLP). The substance, up to the concentration of 1,000 ppm, did not show significant toxicity toward the microbial population. At higher concentration, slight inhibition of microbial respiration was observed and the EC50 was estimated to be higher than 10,000 ppm.
Reference
The test substance up to the concentration of 1,000 ppm, did not show significant toxicity toward the microbial population. At the concentration of 10,000 ppm, slight inhibition (26%) of the microbial respiration was observed. The EC50 was estimated to be higher than 10,000 ppm and the NOEC estimated to be at 1,000 ppm.
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 10 000 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
Additional information
In the key study, the acute toxicity of the test material to activated sludge (domestic) was investigated. The study was conducted according to OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test).
This study is presented as the key information as the reliability rating for this study is 1, according to the criteria of Klimisch, 1997. The substance, up to the concentration of 1,000 ppm, did not show significant toxicity toward the microbial population. At higher concentration, slight inhibition of microbial respiration was observed and the EC50 was estimated to be higher than 10,000 ppm.
The supporting study (Goodrich, M & Teer, L., 1994) because only a summary was available and, therefore, it was Klimisch coded as a 4. The study was conducted according to the OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test) and GLP. The EC50 was calculated to be greater than 10,000 mg/L.
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