Tin sulphide

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

fish, juvenile growth test

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 215 (Fish, Juvenile Growth Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

test performed with Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: all
- Sampling method: All test substance groups were collected when freshly prepared and immediately prior to renewal at the start of the study and daily thereafter and at the end of the study. At the same time, the concentration of Sn in the new solution of the blank control at 0 d and the old solution at 1d were measured too.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: The samples were analyzed immediately, otherwise the samples were stored at 2-10 °C and the measurement was carried out within 14 d.

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Gobiocypris rarus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rare Minnow
- Strain: Breeding by the test laboratory; FGr20210507-0511
- Source: The parent fish with the batch NO. FGr20201027-1 were purchased from Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Science, the male and female fish were paired as 1:1, and obtained the embryos by the method of artificial fertilization, then to produce fish from embryos.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): about 40 days
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): The average weight of all test fish was 55.2 mg and the weights of the test fish ranged from 51 mg to 61 mg, The mean of initial weights and standard deviation of all test fish was 55.2 ±4mg. All individual weight of fish have not exceeded ± 10% of the average weight at the start of the test.
- Method of breeding: batch breeding

FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type: Brine shrimp; The eggs of Brine shrimp were obtained from Shandong Beisen Feed Co., Ltd. The batch number was 20210430. The shrimps were obtained after the eggs successfully hatched in artificial sea water.
- Amount:The daily food ration was 2%- 4% of the body weight of test fish, divided the food ration into two evenly and feed twice, feeding interval not less than 5 h (the first feeding at about 9 am and the last feeding at about 15 pm, the test fish were transferred into freshly test solution later 30 min after the last feeding). In order to facilitate the weighing of test fish, at 0 d and 27 d was feed only once, the food ration was 4% of the body weight of test fish.
- Frequency: see above

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Hardness:

Total hardness of blank control and 104 mg/L test group were all 105 mg/L (expressed as CaCO3) at the start of the test.

Test temperature:

The temperature of each test vessel measured at regular intervals ranged from 21.8 °C to 22.9 °C.

pH:

7.68 to 8.37

Dissolved oxygen:

65% to 100% of the air saturation value (ASV)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Blank Control and 1.04 mg/L, 3.31 mg/L, 10.4 mg/L, 33.1 mg/L and 104 mg/L test item/L.
The time-weighted mean measured concentrations of Sn were 17.6 μg/L, 44.3μg/L, 107 μg/L, 145 μg/L and 209 μg/L, respectively.
The measured concentrations of Sn in blank control at 0 d and 1 d (old solution) were 0.214 μg/L and 1.66 μg/L, respectively.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 5 L-jar: 16.6cm × 25.0cm
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 2L fill volume
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): every 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: < 0.5 g/L

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dechlorinated tap water
- Total organic carbon: 1.4 mg/L
- Culture medium different from test medium:
- Intervals of water quality measurement: once weekly

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 14 h light / 10 h darkness, white fluorescent lamp
- Light intensity:

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
NOEC, EC10

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: same as definitive study
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no mortality, no adverse effects observed

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EL10

Effect conc.:

> 149 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Sn

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Key result

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

> 104 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Details on results:

In none of the the test groups, adverse effects were observed.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

EC10 > 104 mg/L (WAF) , 149 µg Sn/L mean measured concentration

Executive summary:

In the K1-study from Chen Guilan (2021) the effect of a 28 day exposure on the growth of Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) to tin sulfide was investigated in a semi-static test according to OECD 215. The test solutions were set up as saturated concentrations with nominal concentrations of 1.04 mg/L, 3.31 mg/L, 10.4 mg/L, 33.1 mg/L and 104 mg test item/L After the suspensions were stirred for about 24 h, the test suspensions were filtered with 0.22 μm water phase polyether sulfone (PES) filter membranes, the filtrates of the nominal concentrations of 1.04 mg/L, 3.31 mg/L, 10.4 mg/L, 33.1 mg/L and 104 mg/L saturated solutions were obtained respectively, and about 2000 ml filtrate from each test concentration group were measured as test solutions directly. The test solutions were exchanged on a daily basis. The time-weighted mean measured concentrations of Sn were 17.6 μg/L, 44.3μg/L, 107 μg/L, 145 μg/L and 149 μg/L, respectively.

Description of key information

28-day juvenile growth test (OECD 215) EC10 > 149 µg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect concentration:

> 149 µg/L

Additional information

In the K1-study from Chen Guilan (2021) the effect of a 28 day exposure on the growth of Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) to tin sulfide was investigated in a semi-static test according to OECD 215. The test solutions were set up as saturated concentrations with nominal concentrations of 1.04 mg/L, 3.31 mg/L, 10.4 mg/L, 33.1 mg/L and 104 mg test item/L After the suspensions were stirred for about 24 h, the test suspensions were filtered with 0.22 μm water phase polyether sulfone (PES) filter membranes, the filtrates of the nominal concentrations of 1.04 mg/L, 3.31 mg/L, 10.4 mg/L, 33.1 mg/L and 104 mg/L saturated solutions were obtained respectively, and about 2000 ml filtrate from each test concentration group were measured as test solutions directly. The test solutions were exchanged on a daily basis. The time-weighted mean measured concentrations of Sn were 17.6 μg/L, 44.3μg/L, 107 μg/L, 145 μg/L and 149 μg/L, respectively.

 

No mortality was observed in any of the test groups. In none of the test groups adverse effects were observed. The EC10 was greater than the the highest test concentration, i.e. greater 104 mg/L (nominal) or 149 µg Sn/L mean measured).

 

The results are considered relevant and reliable for the risk assessment.