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EC number: 242-060-2 | CAS number: 18172-67-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Solubility of (-)-beta-pinene in water
The water solubility of (-)-beta-pinene was determined to be 6.95 mg/L by the slow-stirring method. This is the most appropriate method for the determination of the water solubility of this substance.
Poorly water-soluble substances are substances with a limit of water solubility below 100 mg/L according to OECD Guidance No 23 (2000) on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures. Therefore, (-)-beta pinene meets the definition of poorly water soluble substances and has to be considered as a "difficult substance to test".
Volatility of (-)-beta-pinene from water
The Henry’s law constant (H) for a substance is a measure of its equilibrium between an ideal solution phase and the vapour phase. As such it is a measure of the potential for a substance to be lost from solution by evaporation (OECD GD No 23). As an approximation, if H is greater than 100 Pa.m3/mol, more than 50% of the substance could be lost from the water phase in 3-4 hours (Mackay, 1992 cited by OECD GD No 23).
The H constant is estimated by: H = VP*MOLW / SOL (ECHA Guidance on information requirement R.16). Considering the water solubility of 6.95 mg/L and vapour pressure of 519 Pa, this gives a Henry’s Law constant of 10173 Pa.m3/mol. This result provides evidence that the substance is difficult to test for aquatic toxicity. The highest concerns are media preparation and maintaining required exposure concentrations, due to low water solubility and volatilisation from the test solutions.
The following precautions were therefore taken to reduce the loss of test substance:
• study design: flow-through or semi-static for fish and Daphnia tests,
• closed system with minimising headspace,
• analytical determination of exposure concentrations.
Available ecotoxicological information
Measured acute data
Reliable short-term toxicity data are provided for the registered substance for three trophic levels (fish, invertebrates, algae).
The relevant values are:
Fish: 96h-LC50= 0.502 mg/L (Pimephales promelas, measured concentrations), 96h-LC50= 0.557 mg/L (Cyprinus carpiomeas.)
Daphnia magna: 48h-EC50= 1.250 mg/L (measured concentrations), 48h-EC50= 1.248 mg/L (measured concentrations)
Algae: 48h-EC50= 0.826 mg/L (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, measured concentrations)
Predicted acute data
Fish: 96h-LC50= 0.68 mg/L
Daphnia: 48h-EC50= 1.09 mg/L
Algae: 72h-EC50= 0.70 mg/L
The predictions are obtained with QSAR for the Mode of Action 1, based on validated data derived from standard toxicity test, for which the concentrations of the test item had been determined by chemical analyses over the test period. The predictions are sufficiently robust, and are appropriate for the purposes of chemical safety assessment required for REACH.
Based on this results, (-)-beta-pinene is classified:
- dangerous for the environment according to Directive 67/548/EEC "R50/53: very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment"
- and hazardous to the aquatic environment under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - Category Acute 1 and Category Chronic 1.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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