4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin sensitisation studies on 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, one of which was performed according to test guidelines, did not demonstrate evidence of skin sensitization potential of 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one in guinea pigs.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin sensitisation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1997

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.6 (Skin Sensitisation)

Version / remarks:

1992

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of study:

guinea pig maximisation test

Justification for non-LLNA method:

Study performed before the implementation of the REACH regulation

Species:

guinea pig

Strain:

Dunkin-Hartley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Centre d'Elevage Lebeau, 78950 Gambais, France.
- Age at study initiation: Approximately 3 months old.
- Weight at study initiation: 347 ± 31 g (males); 373 ± 20 g (females).
- Housing: Housed individually in polycarbonate cages.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): 106 diet (U.A.R., 91360 Villemoisson-sur-Orge, France), ad libitum.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Filtered by a F.G. Millipore membrane (0.22 micron), ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days before the beginning of the study.


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 ± 2
- Humidity (%): 30 to 70
- Air changes (per hr): About 12
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route:

intradermal

Vehicle:

physiological saline

Concentration / amount:

25 %

Day(s)/duration:

single

Adequacy of induction:

highest concentration used causing mild-to-moderate skin irritation and well-tolerated systemically

Route:

epicutaneous, occlusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Day(s)/duration:

single

Adequacy of induction:

highest concentration used causing mild-to-moderate skin irritation and well-tolerated systemically

Route:

epicutaneous, occlusive

Vehicle:

other: See Any other information on materials and methods.

Concentration / amount:

-Intradermal induction: 25% (w/w) in sterile isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl).
-Epicutaneous induction: Undiluted.
-Cutaneous challenge: Undiluted.

II) Challenge period: undiluted test substance

No. of animals per dose:

Control group: 5/sex.
Test substance group: 10/sex.

Details on study design:

RANGE FINDING TESTS: A preliminary test was conducted in order to determine the concentrations to be tested in the main study.


A preliminary test was conducted in order to determine the concentrations to be tested in the main study.

Preparation of the animals:
For all animals and before each treatment, the application sites were:
-clipped on Days -1 and 7 (scapular area 4 cm x 2 cm),
-clipped and shaved on Day 21 (each flank 2 cm x 2 cm).

I) Induction phase by intradermal and cutaneous routes
 
1) Intradermal route
On Day 1, six injections were made deep into the dermis of a clipped area (4 cm x 2 cm) in the dorsal region between the shoulders, using a needle mounted on a 1 mL glass syringe.
 
Three injections of 0.1 mL were made into each side of this shoulder region, as follows:
Treatment group:
A) Anterior: Freund's complete adjuvant diluted at 50% (v/v) with sterile isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl)
B) Middle: test substance at 25% (w/w) in 0.9% NaCl
C) Posterior: mixture of 50/50 (w/v) of A and B
 
Control group:
A) Anterior: Freund's complete adjuvant diluted at 50% (v/v) with 0.9% NaCl
B) Middle: vehicle (0.9% NaCl)
C) Posterior: mixture of 50/50 (w/v) of A and B
 
2) Cutaneous route
On Day 7, the scapular area was clipped. As the test substance was shown to be non-irritant during the preliminary tests, the animals were treated with 0.5 mL of sodium lauryl sulfate (10% w/w) in vaseline in order to induce local irritation. 
 
On Day 8, a topical application to the region of the intradermal injections was performed.
 
Control group:
Application of 0.5 mL of the vehicle
 
Treatment group:
Application of 0.5 mL of the test substance undiluted.
 
The test substance and the vehicle were prepared on a dry gauze pad, which was then applied to the dorsal region between the shoulders and held in place for 48 hours by means of an adhesive hypoallergenic dressing and an adhesive anallergenic waterproof plaster. No residual test substance was observed after removal of the dressing. Cutaneous reactions were recorded one hour after removal of the occlusive dressing. 
 
II) Challenge phase
On Day 22, the animals from both groups received an application of 0.5 mL of the test substance undiluted to the posterior right flank, and 0.5 mL of the vehicle to the posterior left flank. This application was performed using a 1 mL glass syringe. The test substance and the vehicle were prepared on a dry gauze pad, then applied to a 4 square cm clipped area of the skin. The gauze pad was held in contact with the skin for 24 hours by means of occlusive, hypoallergenic dressing and an adhesive anallergenic waterproof plaster. No residual test substance was observed after removal of the dressing. 
 
Twenty-four and 48 hours after the challenge application, both flanks of the treated and control animals were observed in order to evaluate cutaneous reactions, according to the following scale:
 
Erythema and eschar formation: Grade
No erythema: 0
Very slight erythema (barely perceptible): 1
Well-defined erythema: 2
Moderate to severe erythema: 3
Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight eschar formation (injuries in depth): 4
 
Oedema: Grade
No oedema: 0
Very slight oedema (barely perceptible): 1
Slight oedema (visible swelling with well-defined edges): 2
Moderate oedema (visible swelling raised more than 1 mm): 3
Severe oedema (visible swelling raised more than 1 mm and extending beyond the area of exposure): 4
 
Any other lesions were noted. 
 
Clinical examinations: The animals were observed twice a day during the study in order to check for clinical signs and mortality.
 
Body weight: The animals were weighed individually on the day of allocation into the groups, on the first day of the study (Day 1), on Days 8 and 15 and on the last day of the study (Day 25). 

Challenge controls:

See details on study design.

Positive control substance(s):

yes

Remarks:

2,4-Dinitro Chlorobenzene

Positive control results:

Under the experimental conditions and according to the Magnusson and Kligman method, the test substance 2,4-Dinitro Chlorobenzene at a concentration of 0.5% (w/w) induced positive skin sensitization reactions in 50% of the guinea-pigs.

Reading:

1st reading

Hours after challenge:

24

Group:

test chemical

Dose level:

Undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

20

Clinical observations:

No cutaneous reactions were observed

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0. Clinical observations: No cutaneous reactions were observed.

Reading:

2nd reading

Hours after challenge:

48

Group:

test chemical

Dose level:

Undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

20

Clinical observations:

No cutaneous reactions were observed

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0. Clinical observations: No cutaneous reactions were observed.

Reading:

other: 1st reading: right flank

Hours after challenge:

24

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

Undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

No cutaneous reactions were observed

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: other: 1st reading: right flank. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: Undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: No cutaneous reactions were observed.

Reading:

other: 2nd reading: right flank

Hours after challenge:

48

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

Undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

No cutaneous reactions were observed

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: other: 2nd reading: right flank. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: Undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: No cutaneous reactions were observed.

Reading:

other: 1st reading: left flank

Hours after challenge:

24

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

0.9% NaCl

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

No cutaneous reactions were observed

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: other: 1st reading: left flank. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: 0.9% NaCl. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: No cutaneous reactions were observed.

Reading:

other: 2nd reading: left flank

Hours after challenge:

48

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

0.9% NaCl

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

No cutaneous reactions were observed

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: other: 2nd reading: left flank. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: 0.9% NaCl. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: No cutaneous reactions were observed.

Reading:

other: positive control not applied in the test

Group:

positive control

Remarks on result:

not measured/tested

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Under the experimental conditions and according to the maximization method of Magnusson and Kligman, no cutaneous reactions attributable to the sensitization potential of the test substance diacetone alcohol were observed in guinea-pigs.

Executive summary:

The skin sensitization potential of diacetone alcohol was assessed in a study performed according to OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 406 and in compliance with GLP in male and female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (de Jouffrey, 1997).  In the main study, 10 animals/sex comprised the diacetone alcohol test group and 5 animals/sex comprised the vehicle control group.  The intradermal induction was carried out with 0.1 mL of 25% (w/w) of diacetone alcohol in vehicle (a solution of 0.9% w/v of NaCl), and epicutaneous induction was performed with 0.5 mL of undiluted diacetone alcohol to the dorsal area under occlusive conditions.  The challenge exposure also was conducted with 0.5 mL of undiluted diacetone alcohol.  Additionally, all animals were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of 10% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) in vaseline 24 hours prior to topical sensitization of the skin area in order to induce local irritation (diacetone alcohol was shown to be non-irritating in the preliminary test).  Skin reactions were observed and recorded 1 hour after dermal and 24 and 48 hours after the challenge exposure, all according to the grading scale by Magnusson and Kligman.  Test and control animals displayed normal body weight gain throughout the investigation and no mortalities or clinical signs were observed.  On Day 10, following dermal induction, signs of irritation were observed at the site of application in both control and treated groups.  Following the challenge exposure, no incidences of erythema or oedema were observed, either at 24 or 48 hours, in all animals.  Under the experimental conditions and according to the maximization method of Magnusson and Kligman, no cutaneous reactions attributable to the sensitization potential of diacetone alcohol were observed in guinea-pigs.  Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that diacetone alcohol showed no evidence of contact skin sensitization in guinea pigs.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1978

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study without detailed documentation.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

-no information was reported on reliability check/positive control

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

Study pre-dates GLP

Type of study:

guinea pig maximisation test

Justification for non-LLNA method:

Study performed before the implementation of the REACH regulation

Species:

guinea pig

Strain:

other: reported in study report as 'P' strain

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Shell Toxicology Laboratory (Tunstall) Breeding Unit
- Age at study initiation: 8 to 12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: Not reported
- Housing: 5 animals per cage
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): guinea-pig food (SG1 with vitamin C supplement, Grain Harvesters Ltd.), was replenished daily
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): filtered but untreated water from the public supply was automatically replenished
- Acclimation period: Not reported

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): room temperature, 22 ± 2
- Humidity (%): 55 ± 5
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route:

intradermal and epicutaneous

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Concentration / amount:

intradermal induction: 0.5% w/v in corn oil
topical induction: undiluted
topical challenge: undiluted

Route:

epicutaneous, occlusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Concentration / amount:

ntradermal induction: 0.5% w/v in corn oil
topical induction: undiluted
topical challenge: undiluted

No. of animals per dose:

Test group = 10 animals/sex/group; Control group = 5 animals/sex/group

Details on study design:

RANGE FINDING TESTS: A group of 2 male and 2 female guinea pigs were close shaved in the shoulder region and 0.1 mL of several dilutions (usually 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) of the chemical injected intradermally each side of the mid-line and examined over the next few days, to determine the maximum concentration that could be used without causing untoward toxicity.
Several further groups of 2 males and 2 females were close shaved in the shoulder region and 0.3 mL of several concentrations of test material applied to 4 cm x 4 cm filter paper patches. The patches were placed on the shoulder region and held on place with a “Sleek” patch covered with an “Poroplast” elastic adhesive bandage for 48 hours, after which they removed and the animals examined for signs of irritation using a 4-point scale (-ve, trace, +ve, ++ve). The concentration for topical induction was that which just caused irritation (trace) and the concentration for topical challenge was that which was just non-irritant (-ve).

MAIN STUDY
A. INDUCTION EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: 2
- Exposure period: single exposure (intradermal); 48 hours (topical)
- Test groups:
The animals were close shaved in the shoulder region using electric clippers followed by an electric razor, and 2 rows of 3 injections were made, one on each side of the midline as follows:
2 injections (0.1 mL) of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)
2 injections (0.1 mL) of test material in solvent
2 injections (0.1 mL) of test material in 50:50 FCA/solvent

Topical exposure: One week after the intradermal injections, the same area of skin was shaved using electric clippers only. A 4 cm x 4 cm patch of Whatman number 3 filter paper was soaked with 0.3 mL of the test material, placed over the site of injection and covered with a "Sleek" dressing. The dressing was then securely covered with an 8 cm "Poroplast" elastic adhesive bandage for 48 hours.

- Control group:
The animals were close shaved in the shoulder region using electric clippers followed by an electric razor, and 2 rows of 3 injections were made, one on each side of the midline as follows:
2 injections (0.1 mL) FCA
2 injections (0.1 mL) solvent
2 injections (0.1 mL) 50/50 FCA/solvent
Topical exposure: Same methodology as test animals (see above) but control animals were treated with solvent only.
- Site: Shoulder region (intradermal and topical)
- Frequency of applications: Single exposure (intradermal injection in the first week and topical application in the second week)
- Duration: 0 to 8 days
- Concentrations: 0.5% w/v in corn oil (intradermal); undiluted (topical)

B. CHALLENGE EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: 1
- Day(s) of challenge: Animals were challenged 2 weeks after topical induction.
- Exposure period: 24 hours
- Test groups: Hair was removed from a 3 cm x 3 cm area of one flank by clipping then shaving with an electric razor. A 2 cm x 2 cm patch of Whatman number 3 filter paper was soaked with 0.15 mL of the test material, placed over the shaved area and covered with 3 cm square of adhesive tape covered with "Sleek" and held in place by 8 cm "Poroplast" elastic adhesive bandage.
- Control group: Controls were similarly treated as the test group but with solvent only.
- Site: flank
- Concentrations: undiluted
- Evaluation (hr after challenge): immediately and at 24 and 48 hours after removal of the challenge patch

Positive control substance(s):

no

Positive control results:

No data.

Reading:

other: Reading recorded immediately after removal of challenge patch

Hours after challenge:

0

Group:

test chemical

Dose level:

undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

20

Clinical observations:

Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals.

Remarks on result:

other: see Remark

Remarks:

Reading: other: Reading recorded immediately after removal of challenge patch. . Hours after challenge: 0.0. Group: test group. Dose level: undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0. Clinical observations: Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals..

Reading:

1st reading

Hours after challenge:

24

Group:

test chemical

Dose level:

undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

20

Clinical observations:

Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals.

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0. Clinical observations: Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals..

Reading:

2nd reading

Hours after challenge:

48

Group:

test chemical

Dose level:

undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

20

Clinical observations:

Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals.

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: test group. Dose level: undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0. Clinical observations: Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals..

Reading:

other: Reading recorded immediately after removal of challenge patch

Hours after challenge:

0

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals.

Remarks on result:

other: see Remark

Remarks:

Reading: other: Reading recorded immediately after removal of challenge patch. . Hours after challenge: 0.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals..

Reading:

1st reading

Hours after challenge:

24

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals.

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals..

Reading:

2nd reading

Hours after challenge:

48

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

undiluted

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals.

Remarks on result:

other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: undiluted. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: Negative scores were reported for all 20 animals..

Interpretation of results:

not sensitising

Remarks:

Migrated information

Conclusions:

Based on the number of animals showing a response, the degree of intensity of the response and its persistence, the material is not considered to be a skin sensitizer in guinea-pigs.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not sensitising)

Additional information:

The skin sensitization potential of 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one was assessed in a study performed according to OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 406 and in compliance with GLP in male and female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (de Jouffrey, 1997). In the main study, 10 animals/sex comprised the 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one test group and 5 animals/sex comprised the vehicle control group. The intradermal induction was carried out with 0.1 mL of 25% (w/w) of 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one in vehicle (a solution of 0.9% w/v of NaCl), and epicutaneous induction was performed with 0.5 mL of undiluted 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one to the dorsal area under occlusive conditions. The challenge exposure also was conducted with 0.5 mL of undiluted 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one. Additionally, all animals were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of 10% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) in vaseline 24 hours prior to topical sensitization of the skin area in order to induce local irritation (4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one was shown to be non-irritating in the preliminary test). Skin reactions were observed and recorded 1 hour after dermal and 24 and 48 hours after the challenge exposure, all according to the grading scale by Magnusson and Kligman. Test and control animals displayed normal body weight gain throughout the investigation and no mortalities or clinical signs were observed. On Day 10, following dermal induction, signs of irritation were observed at the site of application in both control and treated groups. Following the challenge exposure, no incidences of erythema or oedema were observed, either at 24 or 48 hours, in all animals. Under the experimental conditions and according to the maximization method of Magnusson and Kligman, no cutaneous reactions attributable to the sensitization potential of 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one were observed in guinea-pigs. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one showed no evidence of contact skin sensitization in guinea pigs.

The conclusion that 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one is not a skin sensitizer is further supported by another skin sensitization study in which no guidelines were followed (Cassidy and Blair, 1978). The method followed, however, was similar to that of OECD. In this study, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one was not considered to be a skin sensitizer in guinea-pigs when animals (10/sex) were intradermally induced with 0.1 mL of 0.5% (w/v) of 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one in corn oil, dermally induced with 0.3 mL of undiluted 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, and challenged with 0.15 mL of undiluted 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one.

Respiratory sensitisation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not sensitising)

Justification for classification or non-classification

The substance does not meet the criteria for classification and labelling for this endpoint, as set out in Regulation (EC) NO. 1272/2008.