1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexane

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Description of key information

Daily oral administration of the test substance to Wistar rats at dose levels of 111, 333, and 1000 mg/kg body weight over a period of 44 to 57 days resulted at the highest dose level in a reduction of the numbers of pregnancies.

Short description of key information:
Daily oral administration of the test substance to Wistar rats at dose levels of 111, 333, and 1000 mg/kg body weight over a period of 44 to 57 days resulted at the highest dose level in a reduction of the body weight gain and an increased water and food consumption in male animals. The water consumption was increased in females of the high dose group. Test item related changes in organ weight were found in the liver, the kidney and thymus of male animals. Furthermore, in male rats the histopathological examination indicated a nephrotoxic effect in all dose groups. At the highest dose level, the test item also showed a potential effect on the metabolism of the liver as well as an influence on uterus weight of female rats.
The numbers of pregnancies and the litter size were also reduced in animals treated at the highest dose level. An increased pre-implantation loss was seen in high dosed females.
The NOAEL is 333 mg/kg bw for females. In males based on the effects on the kidney a LOAEL of 111 mg/kg bw was derived. As these effects are considered of less relevance for humans, the NOAEL used in risk assessment is set at 333 mg/kg bw.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

03-09-2012 to 30-11-2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Strain: Wistar Han (IGS)
- Source: Charles River, Sandhofer Weg 7, 97633 Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 11 - 12 wks
- Weight at study initiation: Males: 296 - 335 g; Females: 197 - 223 g
- Housing:
three male animals in open macrolon cages type 2000P, TechniPlast (size slightly larger than GV-SOLAS Type IV)
females single housed with their litters in open macrolon cages type III.
- Diet: No. 1314 TPF (Altromin Spezialfutter GmbH & Co. KG, 32791 Lage), ad lib.
- Water: Sterilised community tap water, ad lib.
- Acclimation period: 5 - 9 days
- Pregnancy status females: Nulliparous, non-pregnant

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ±3 °C
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70%
- Air changes (per hr): 10/h
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

IN-LIFE DATES: From 03-09-2012 to 30-11-2012

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on exposure:

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): as solubility in water is limited, corn oil was selected
- Concentration in vehicle: 30.5 g/L, 91.2 g/L and 273.3 g/L
- Application volume: 4 mL/kg bw

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: until proof of pregnancy or 14 days
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- After 14 days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility for the high dose group.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

no

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Stability of standard concentrations over a period of 7 days was investigated. All concentrations were within 96 - 102% of nominal.
Method GC/FID on ZB624 column. Two isomers were identified and the summation of both peaks was used for quantification.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Exposure duration:
Males: 14 days prior to mating; upto 14 days during mating and 14 days post-mating
Females: 14 days prior to mating; upto 14 days during mating; average 21 days of gestation; 4 days of lactation

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Details on study schedule:

- Age at mating of the mated animals in the study: 13 - 14 weeks first mating (15 - 16 weeks second mating of high dose group)

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

vehicle control group

Dose / conc.:

111 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

low dose group

Dose / conc.:

333 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

mid dose group

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

high dose group

No. of animals per sex per dose:

12/sex/dose

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: based on a dose range finding study with increasing doses (up to 2000 mg/kg bw) over the 18 day study period. The animals showed toxic effects only at the highest dose level.

Positive control:

none

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: weekly (IRWIN test) in a standard arena
Appearance (general status, physiology, autonomic functions, neurology, tonus, E1 - E4, Motoric / exploration behaviour (M1 - M2), Excitation (R) and abnormal behaviour (A1 - A4)

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule: weekly

FOOD CONSUMPTION: yes
Time schedule: weekly

WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
Time schedule: weekly

HAEMATOLOGY: yes on 5 males and 5 females at end of pre-mating period
Leukocytes, Erythrocytes, Haemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin conc. (MCHC), Thrombocytes, Reticulocytes, Neutrophil granulocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils. Basophils

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: yes on 5 males and 5 females at end of pre-mating period
Alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Cholesterol, Urea, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Glucose, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, A/G ratio, Creatinine, Bile acids

OTHER:
Behavioural tests
Grip strength and beam walking: last exposure week on 5 males and 5 females

Reproduction parameters:
Females showing evidence of copulation, Females achieving pregnancy , no. of conceiving days, no. of days of pregnancy, no. of dams with live young born/with live young at day 4 pp, Corpora lutea/dam, Implants/dam , Live pups/dam at birth/at day 4, Sex ratio (m/f) at birth / at day 4
Loss of offspring, Pre-implantation (corpora lutea minus implantations), pre-natal (implantations minus live births), Post-natal (live births minus alive at post natal day 4)

Litter observations:

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in offspring:
number and sex of pups, live births, postnatal mortality, weight at birth / at day 4, physical or behavioural abnormalities

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

ORGAN WEIGHTS:
Brain, Heart, Thymus, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Adrenals, Prostate, Epididymides, Testes, Ovaries

GROSS NECROPSY on all animals
Gross lesions, Oesophagus, Trachea, Thyroid, Stomach, Thymus, Liver, Spleen, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum (with Peyer’s patches), Cecum, Colon, Rectum, Lymph nodes(mesenteric), Kidney, Adrenals, Urinary bladder, sternum, spinal cord, whole brain, cerebrum, cerebellum, Peripheral nerve, Bonemarrow, Pons, Skeletal muscle, Heart, Lungs, Vagina, Epididymides, Prostate/uterus/cervix, Testes/ovary, eye

HISTOPATHOLOGY:
ovaries, testes and epididymides of 5 animals of the high dose group and the control group
all organs of 5 males and 5 females of the high dose group and the control group

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

not specified

Statistics:

Anova with Dunnett’s t-test

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Other effects:

no effects observed

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not examined

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

reduced pregnancy rate in high dose animals

MORTALITY (PARENTAL ANIMALS):
1000 mg/kg bw: 1 female on day 14 , 1 male on day 19, 1 female on day 4 of lactation (gavage error, KIE)
none in other dose groups and controls

CLINICAL SIGNS/BEHAVIOURAL TESTS:
no treatment related effects

BODY WEIGHT (PARENTAL ANIMALS):
Males: sign. decrease during pre-mating and post-mating period at 1000 mg/kg bw;
Females: no treatment related effects, reduced during gestation in pregnant females of 1st mating (n=3)

FOOD CONSUMPTION (PARENTAL ANIMALS):
Males: increased at 1000 mg/kg bw
Females: no treatment related effects

WATER CONSUMPTION (PARENTAL ANIMALS):
Males: dose related increase at 111, 333 and 1000 mg/kg bw
Females: increased at 1000 mg/kg bw until day 14 of gestation

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
Increased ALAT in males and females and decreased ALP in females at 1000 mg/kg bw
Slightly increased total protein in females of all dose groups

HAEMATOLOGY
Decreased Hb in females at 333 and 1000 mg/kg bw (no effects on MCH and MCHC)

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
see table (under off-spring)

Mean reproduction data females
0 mg/kg bw 111 mg/kg bw 333 mg/kg bw 1000 mg/kg bw
Number of dams examined 12/12 12/12 11/12 8/11
Corpora lutea/dam 14 14 14 12
Implantation sites/dam 10 10 11 5
Pre-implantation loss/dam 4 4 3 7
Post-implementation loss/
dam 1 0 1 0
Number of dams delivering
live pups 11 12 11 6

Increased pre-implantation loss in females at 1000 mg/kg bw

ORGAN WEIGHTS (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
Kidney: increased in males at 333 and 1000 mg/kg bw
Liver: dose related increase in males (sign at 333 and 1000 mg/kg bw)
Thymus: decreased in males at 333 and 1000 mg/kg bw
Ovaries/uterus: increase at 1000 mg/kg bw

GROSS PATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
no treatment related findings (all findings were incidental and within normal background)

HISTOPATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
kidneys: hyaline droplets and/or casts in all males at 111, 333 and 1000 mg/kg bw
other findings were considered within normal ranges

Key result

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Effect level:

111 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male

Basis for effect level:

other: hyaline droplets and casts in kidney

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

333 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

other: effects at the high dose level were limited to decreased body weight (gain) during gestation, increased water consumption and a slight increase of the weight of the uteri

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

333 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: The NOAEL for reproductive effects is set at 333 mg/kg bw, as at the highest dose the pregnancy rate is strongly decreased.

Remarks on result:

other: Generation not specified (migrated information)

Clinical signs:

not specified

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Sexual maturation:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

viability

mortality

Key result

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Dosage	0 mg/kg bw	111 mg/kg bw	333 mg/kg bw	1000 mg/kg bw
Pairs started	12	12	12	11
Females achieving pregnancy	11	12	11	6
SP detected days 1 – 5^(2)	12	11	10	13
SP detected days 6 and more^(1) (2)	0	1	1	2
Pregnancy ≤ 21 days	0	1	0	0
Pregnancy = 22 days	8	8	8	4
Pregnancy = 23 days	3	3	2	2
Dams with live young born	11	12	11	6
Dams with live young at day 4pp^(3)	11	12	11	5
Implants/dam (mean)	9.9	9.8	10.8	5.0
Live pups/dam at birth (mean)	10.1	9.4	10.0	5.7
Live pups/dam at day 4 (mean)	10.0	9.4	9.9	6.4
Litter weight at birth (mean)	64.7	58.8	59.4	34.6
Litter weight at day 4 (mean)	110.7	102.5	100.4	64.7
Pup weight at birth (mean)	6.4	6.3	6.0	6.3
Pup weight at day 4 (mean)	11.3	11.2	10.1	10.0
Total of pups born day 0 (count)	111	113	110	34
Stillborn (count)	1	0	1	0
Pups alive day 4^(4)	110	113	109	32
Sex ratio (M/F)	53/59	51/62	46/63	16/18

1last day of mating period

2differences in sum may occur in case an animal achieved pregnancy without sperm plug detected

3the offspring of one mother died because the mother was ill. Illness was not test item related

42 pups died in the HD group because the mother was moribund

Conclusions:

The NOAEL based on repeated dose and reproduction toxicity is set at 333 mg/kg bw.

Executive summary:

Daily oral administration of the test substance to Wistar rats at dose levels of 111, 333, and 1000 mg/kg body weight over a period of 44 to 57 days resulted at the highest dose level in a reduction of the body weight gain and an increased water and food consumption in male animals. The water consumption was increased in females of the high dose group. Test item related changes in organ weight were found in the liver, the kidney and thymus of male animals. Furthermore, in male rats the histopathological examination indicated a nephrotoxic effect in all dose groups. At the highest dose level, the test item also showed a potential effect on the metabolism of the liver as well as an influence on uterus weight of female rats.

The numbers of pregnancies and the litter size were also reduced in animals treated at the highest dose level. An increased pre-implantation loss was seen in high dosed females.

The NOAEL is 333 mg/kg bw for females. In males based on the effects on the kidney a LOAEL of 111 mg/kg bw was derived. As these effects are considered of less relevance for humans, the NOAEL used in risk assessment is set at 333 mg/kg bw.

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

333 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

The number of pregnancies at 1000 mg/kg bw was decreased. No conclusion can be drawn whether this is related to decreased male or female fertility.

Effects on developmental toxicity

Description of key information

Twenty two sperm positive female rats were exposed orally to the substance from day 6 to 19 of gestation at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw in a test according to OECD 414. Maternal effects were limited to a decreased food consumption during day 5 to 14 of the test period. No mortality, clinical signs and macroscopic changes were observed in the dams. Evaluations for developmental and fetal effects are based on 20, 20, 22 and 17 pregnancies. No effects on numbers of corpora lutea, implantations, resorptions, live fetuses, sex ratio and fetal weight were observed. No treatment related effects were found in external, visceral and skeletal examinations of the fetuses. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity is set at 1000 mg/kg bw (NOEL 300 mg/kg bw) and the NOAEL for developmental effects is 1000 mg/kg bw.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

11 November 2015 to 4 December 2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: - OECD Guidance No. 43 on Mammalian Reproductive Toxicity Testing and Assessment, 24th July 2008

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Strain: Hsd. Han: WIST Rats
- Source: TOXI-COOP ZRT. 1103 Budapest, Cserkesz u. 90.
- Age at study initiation: females 10 - 11 weeks (males for mating 11 - 12 weeks)
- Weight at study initiation: 166 - 217 g
- Fasting period before study: none
- Housing: pre-mating period: 1-3 females /cage, 2 males/cage; during mating hours:1 male with 1- 3 females; during pregnancy: 2-3 sperm positive females /cage
- Diet: ssniff® SM R/M-Z+H complete diet (ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, D-59494 Soest Germany) ad libitum
- Water: tap water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 7 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 - 22 °C
- Humidity (%): 34 - 47%
- Air changes (per hr): >10/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: test item formulations was made with a frequency of up to 7 days, using a magnetic stirrer and stored at room temperature

VEHICLE: corn oil
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): low solubility of the test item in water
- Concentration test substance in vehicle: 0, 50, 150 and 500 mg/mL
- Dosing volume (if gavage): 2 mL
- Lot/batch no.: MKBV2080V

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Five samples were taken from different places in the dosing formulation on day 7 and 18 of the study. Samples were diluted with n-hexane in duplicate except for the control. A volume of 0.5 mL of the internal standard solution was added before the samples were filled up to 10 mL final volume. Samples were stored overnight and analysed the next day.

GC/FID
Column: Rtx-502.2, 60 m x 0.25 mm x 1.4 µm, No: 1023994
Temperature program: 125 °C to 150 °C at 2 °C/min
2 min hold
150 °C to 180 °C at 20 °C/min
2 min hold
Injector: 200 °C
Detector: FID, 200 °C
Carrier gas: nitrogen, 2 mL/min, constant flow
Split ratio: 20
Injection volume: 0.5 µL
Retention times: para-Menthane 13.5 - 13.6 and 14.4 - 14.5 min, 1-Octanol: 16.9 - 17.0 min
Evaluation: Sum of the areas of para-Menthane peaks is calculated and divided by 1-octanol peak area. This ratio is used for the computations.

Linearity over 0.1 – 3 mg/mL (r² >= 0.998); repeatability 0.6 - 1.0% (7 injections at 500 and 1 mg/L)
Recovery in corn oil: 96 ±4% at 1 mg/L; at 500 mg/L 95 ±5%
Stability over 14 days: 101 - 104% (room temperature) 98 - 104% (at 5 ±3 °C) measured at 1 and 500 mg/L in corn oil
LOQ: 0.1 mg/L

Details on mating procedure:

- Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- M/F ratio per cage: 1 male/1 - 3 females
- Length of cohabitation: 2 - 4 hours
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy

Duration of treatment / exposure:

day 5 - 19 of gestation

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Duration of test:

20 days

Dose / conc.:

100 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

measured concentration 94% of nominal

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

measured concentration 100 - 103% of nominal

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

measured concentration 96 - 100% of nominal

No. of animals per sex per dose:

22 sperm positive females/group

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

Dose selection rationale: based on the results of a DRF test where the substance at the dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw/day caused clinical signs such as digging in the bedding and salivation but no effects on the body weight and food consumption data of the animals and the intrauterine development of the fetuses. The treatment at the dose levels of 80, 200 and 500 mg/kg bw/day caused no maternal or fetal effects (TOXI-COOP ZRT 590-410-0850).

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: mortality/morbidity
- Time schedule: twice daily

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: pre-mating and on day 0, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 of gestation (in addition on day 20 corrected for gravid uterus weight)

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
-Time schedule for examinations: day 0 to 3, 3 to 5, 5 to 8, 8 to 11, 11 to 14, 14 to 17 and 17 to 20 by re-weighing the non-consumed diet

WATER CONSUMPTION: No

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes gross necropsy
- Sacrifice on gestation day 20
- Organs examined: uterus with cervix and left ovary were weighed

OTHER: On gestation days 13 and/or 14 the sperm positive females were checked for the presence of vaginal bleeding which indicated the implantation of conceptuses

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantation sites: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes
- Number of live fetuses: Yes
- Fetal death: yes

Fetal examinations:

- Fetal viability: Yes
- Fetal and placenta weight: Yes
- Fetal gender: Yes (measurement of anogenital distance)
- External examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: half per litter (fixed in Sanomiva mixture before dissection)
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: half per litter (examined under dissection microscope after fixation in alcian-blue-acetic acid-ethanol mixture and in isopropanol, the skeletons were stained by KOH-Alizarin red-S method)
- Head examinations: Yes: half per litter (fetuses selected for visceral examination Wilson's technique)

Statistics:

Bartlett's homogeneity of variance test or one-way ANOVA, chi-quare test
positive findings : distribution analysis and if normal concomitant ANOVA (Duncan's Multiple Range test) or Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
non-normal distributions: Kruskal-Wallis One-Way analysis of variance

Indices:

Pre-implantation loss
Post-implantation loss
Sex distribution
External abnormalities/litter
Visceral abnormalities/litter
Skeletal abnormalities/litter

calculated as %, group mean

Historical control data:

included in the report

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There was no mortality and no clinical signs were recorded during the in-life phase.

The number of sperm positive females was 88 in the study. The number of evaluated litters was 79 (20 both in the control and 100 mg/kg bw/day, 22 in the 300 and 17 in the 1000 mg/kg bw/day dose groups respectively).


(sum, %)
DESCRIPTION DOSES: control 100 300 1000 mg/kg bw/day
No. of
animals: 20 20 22 17
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS
- none N 20 20 22 17
% 100 100 100 100
NECROPSY FINDINGS
- no macroscopic alterations N 20 20 22 17
% 100 100 100 100

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence):

There was no mortality and no clinical signs were recorded during the in-life phase.

DATA OF FEMALES MORTALITY(sum, %)

Dose groups mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000
No of preg. fem. died 0 0 0 0

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The body weight and corrected body weight (including corrected body weight gain) of the females was similar in all groups during the in-life phase.
From gestation day 5 to 8 the mean body weight gain of the dams in the 1000 mg/kg bw/day group was slightly but statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) versus control which was attributed to the treatment with the test item. The body weight gain of the dams in the 300 and 100 mg/kg bw/day group was at the current control level.
Detailed information about the body weight developments are given in the tables below or can be found in the attached tables in pdf format.
The slight but significant decrease in body weight gain during day 5 - 8 at 1000 mg/kg bw is considered incidental and not related to treatment



APPENDIX III SUMMARY OF BODY WEIGHT AND BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF DAMS
Body Weight DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day)
TIME Gestational days Control 100 300 1000
0 Mean 195,1 195,1 194 192,5
SD 12,66 10,04 10,85 9,04
n 20 20 22 17 NS
3 Mean 208,3 210,4 207,5 206,6
SD 14,44 10,17 11,85 10,32
n 20 20 22 17 NS
5 Mean 217,9 220 216,7 214,6
SD 15,58 13,36 14,48 10,87
n 20 20 22 17 NS
8 Mean 229,7 232,4 229,4 222,5
SD 17,06 14,93 16,75 12,3
n 20 20 22 17 NS
11 Mean 245,3 248,8 246,8 235,8
SD 19,21 18,31 18,78 12,71
n 20 20 22 17 NS
14 Mean 258,7 261,4 260,2 248,9
SD 20,65 19,01 19,61 13,16
n 20 20 22 17 NS
17 Mean 282,6 285,7 286 237,5
SD 23,24 21,47 21,98 14,09
n 20 20 22 17 NS
20 Mean 319,2 320,7 321,3 307,6
SD 28,44 26,72 23,28 12,72
n 20 20 22 17 NS
REMARKS :
NS = Not Significant
* = p < 0.05
** = p < 0.01
U = Mann-Whitney U - test Versus Control
DN = Duncan's multiple range test

Body weight gain DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day)
TIME Gestational days Control 100 300 1000
0-3 Mean 13,3 15,3 13,5 14,1
SD 3,16 5,03 3,11 3,93
n 20 20 20 17 NS
3-5 Mean 9,6 9,6 9,2 8,1
SD 3,17 3,72 4,18 2,44
n 20 20 22 17 NS
5-8 Mean 11,8 12,4 12,7 7,8
SD 2,76 3,87 3,71 2,72
n 20 20 22 17 **DN
8-11 Mean 15,6 16,5 17,4 12,6
SD 4,33 4,67 3,89 9,23
n 20 20 22 17 NS
11-14 Mean 13,4 12,6 13,4 24,5
SD 3,44 3,94 4,64 5,36
n 20 20 22 17 NS
14-17 Mean 23,9 24,3 25,8 24,5
SD 4,33 5,07 5,31 5,36
n 20 20 22 17 NS
17-20 Mean 36,7 35 35,3 34,2
SD 8,42 7,77 5,17 7,39
n 20 20 22 17 NS
0-20 Mean 124,2 125,6 127,3 115,1
SD 19,4 19,02 15,77 8,08
n 20 20 22 17 NS
REMARKS :
NS = Not Significant
* = p < 0.05
** = p < 0.01
U = Mann-Whitney U - test Versus Control
DN = Duncan's multiple range test

SUMMARY OF GRAVID UTERINE WEIGHT, CORRECTED BODY WEIGHT AND CORRECTED BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF DAMS
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day) Control 100 300 1000
Gravid uterine weight (g) Mean 65,2 62,1 63,4 62,1
SD 10,67 8,87 9,79 10,22 NS
N 20 20 22 17
Corrected body weight (g) Mean 254 258,6 257,9 245,5
SD 19,59 22,32 20,36 17,46
N 20 20 22 17 NS
Corrected body weight gain (g) Mean 59 63,5 63,9 53
SD 10,9 15,15 12,83 13,01
N 20 20 22 17 NS

REMARKS : NS = Not Significant
* = p < 0.05 ** = p < 0.01
U = Mann-Whitney U - test Versus Control DN = Duncan's multiple range test

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The mean food consumption of the dams in the 1000 mg/kg bw/day group was slightly but statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) from gestational day 5 to 14 (-23%, -20% and -11% relative to controls between days 5 to 8, 8 to 11 and 11 to 14, respectively) which was considered to be due to the treatment with the test item.

APPENDIX V SUMMARY OF FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA OF DAMS
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day)
TIME Gestational days Control 100 300 1000
0-3 Mean 18,7 18,5 17,9 17,8
SD 0,87 1,41 0,92 0,69
n 20 20 22* 17** U
3-5 Mean 20,8 21,3 20,4 20,2
SD 1,06 2,18 1,25 0,59
n 20 20* 22 17 U
5-8 Mean 21,2 21,2 20,6 16,3
SD 0,67 2,29 1,66 1,22
n 20 20 22 17** U
8-11 Mean 22,2 22,7 21,8 17,7
SD 1,12 2,89 1,37 1,12
n 20 20 22 17** U
11-14 Mean 23,2 23,4 23,5 20,7
SD 1,51 2,51 1,22 2,31
n 20 20 22 17** U
14-17 Mean 22,9 23,6 23,7 22
SD 1,57 2,81 1,43 2,17
n 20 20 22 17 NS
17-20 Mean 23 23,9 24,9 22,9
SD 1,62 2,82 1,5 2,43
n 20 20 22** 17 U
REMARKS : NS = Not Significant
* = p < 0.05 ** = p < 0.01
U = Mann-Whitney U - test Versus Control DN = Duncan's multiple range test

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Other effects:

not examined

Number of abortions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The whole number of pre-implantation loss was statistically significantly higher in the 1000 mg/kg bw/day group according to the Chi square test but not if the mean percent was evaluated. Moreover, the relative value of 12.2% was within the control background data range (8.2 - 21.4%). Hence, this slight increase was considered to be unrelated from the treatment. There were no significant differences in the mean number of corpora lutea, implantations, viable fetuses and their sex distribution. There was no significant increase of early- and late embryonic death and post-implantation loss in the test item treated groups. Moreover, early embryonic death and post-implantation loss was statistically significantly lower in the 1000 mg/kg bw/day group according to the Chi square analysis.

APPENDIX VI/A INTRAUTERINE MORTALITY, VIABLE FETUSES, SEX DISTRIBUTION

GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day): Control 100 300 1000
NUMBER OF DAMS: 20 20 22 17

Total Intrauterine Mortality % Mean±SD: 15.0 ±9.33 15.3 ±9.89 14.4 ±13.76 15.3 ±13.41 NS

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

At 1000 mg/kg bw post-implantation loss was decreased significantly (while pre-implantation loss was slightly, but not-significantly increased).

APPENDIX VI/A INTRAUTERINE MORTALITY, VIABLE FETUSES, SEX DISTRIBUTION

GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day): Control 100 300 1000
NUMBER OF DAMS: 20 20 22 17

Pre-implantation Loss % Mean ±SD: 6.3 ±6.42 6.3 ±8.02 7.7 ±10.32 12.2 ±15.20 NS
Post-implantation Loss % Mean ±SD: 9.3 ±7.53 9.5 ±8.74 7.5 ±9.55 3.1 ±4.85 * DN

Total litter losses by resorption:

no effects observed

Early or late resorptions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

APPENDIX VI/A INTRAUTERINE MORTALITY, VIABLE FETUSES, SEX DISTRIBUTION

GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day): Control 100 300 1000
NUMBER OF DAMS: 20 20 22 17
Early Embryonic Death % Mean ±SD: 8.1 ±7.05 6.6 ±7.65 6.3 ±7.07 2.7 ±4.75 NS
Late Embryonic Death % Mean ±SD: 1.1 ±3.72 2.5 ±4.24 1.2 ±5.81 0.0 ±0.00 NS

Dead fetuses:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

no treatment related effects

APPENDIX VI/A INTRAUTERINE MORTALITY, VIABLE FETUSES, SEX DISTRIBUTION

GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day): Control 100 300 1000
NUMBER OF DAMS: 20 20 22 17
Dead Fetuses % Mean ±SD: 0.0 ±0.00 0.4 ±1.60 0.0 ±0.00 0.5 ±1.87 NS

Changes in pregnancy duration:

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

Effects on pregnancy duration: not examined

Changes in number of pregnant:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The lower pregnancy rate at 1000 mg/kg bw is unrelated to treatment (all females were sperm positive at treatment start)
Females evaluated were 20, 20, 22 and 17 at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw respectively.

APPENDIX I PREGNANCY DATA OF FEMALES, MORTALITY, MALFORMATIONS (sum, %)

Dose groups Control 100 mg/kg bw/day 300 mg/kg bw/day 1000 mg/kg bw/day
Number of sperm positive females 22 22 22 22
Number of females with no implantation but corpora lutea 0 1 0 1
Number of females with no implantation and no corpora lutea 2 1 0 4
Number and percent of pregnant females (females with implantation) 20 91% 20 91% 22 100% 17 77%
Number of dams with 3 or less implantations 0 0 0 0
Number of dams with total intrauterine death (total postimplantation loss) 0 0 0 0
Number of pregnant females died 0 0 0 0
Number of evaluated litters 20 20 22 17

Other effects:

no effects observed

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

food consumption and compound intake

other: the effect on body weight (gain) due to the decreased food consumption is negligible

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: no effects

Fetal body weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There was no significant difference in the body weight of the fetuses in the experimental groups. The placental weight was slightly but statistically significantly lower in the 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day and the relative placental weight in the 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day group if compared to the control. The placental weight values were slightly below the historical control level (654.9 - 747.5) in the 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day groups and in case of female fetuses in the 100 mg/kg bw/day group. Considering that the relative placental weight values for combined sexes were within the range of the background data (186.9 - 234.4) and showed no dose related tendency, the lower placental and relative placental weight values were likely not a consequence of the treatment.

APPENDIX VIII LITTER MEANS OF FETAL AND PLACENTAL WEIGHT
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day) Control 100 300 1000
M+F M F M+F M F M+F M F M+F M F
Fetal weight (g) Mean 3,5 3,5 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,3 3,5 3,5 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,3
SD 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,2 0,27 0,19 2,1 0,22 0,22 0,28 0,29 0,3
N 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 17 17 17
N S NS NS
Placental weight (mg) Mean 716,5 729,6 699 656,5 660,7 652,6 648,3 651,1 643,3 634,4 645,1 623,3
SD 67,54 64,86 76,09 44,96 51,62 46,72 47,22 65,63 48,78 62,66 58,29 69,64
N 20 20 20 20** 20** 20* 22** 22** 22** 17** 17** 17**
DN DN DN
Relative placental weight (mg/g) Mean 207,7 207,3 207,3 197,9 194,6 200,5 188,8 184,6 191,4 190,2 188,5 193,1
SD 20,61 21,06 21,06 17,5 19,03 18,45 16,68 19,91 18,16 21,79 22,62 23,91
N 20 20 20 20 20 20 22** 22** 22* 17** 17** 17*
DN DN DN

Remarks: M = Male
F = Female
NS = Not Significant
* = p < 0.05
** = p < 0.01
U = Mann-Whitney U - test Versus Control
DN = Duncan's multiple range test
Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Fetal/pup body weight changes" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.FetalPupBodyWeightChanges): no effects observed
Field "Description (incidence and severity)" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.DescriptionIncidenceAndSeverityFetalPupBodyWeightChanges): There was no significant difference in the body weight of the fetuses in the experimental groups. The placental weight was slightly but statistically significantly lower in the 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day and the relative placental weight in the 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day group if compared to the control. The placental weight values were slightly below the historical control level (654.9-747.5) in the 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day groups and in case of female fetuses in the 100 mg/kg bw/day group. Considering that the relative placental weight values for combined sexes were within the range of the background data (186.9-234.4) (Appendix XXIV/A) and showed no dose related tendency, the lower placental and relative placental weight values were likely not a consequence of the treatment.

Reduction in number of live offspring:

no effects observed

Changes in sex ratio:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no significant differences in the mean sex distribution.

APPENDIX VI/A SEX DISTRIBUTION

GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day): Control 100 300 1000
NUMBER OF DAMS: 20 20 22 17
Male fetuses % Mean ±SD: 56.5 12.49 46.6 ±15.91 47.1 ±15.87 53.1 ±17.23 NS
Female fetuses % Mean ±SD: 43.5 ±12.49 53.4 ±15.91 52.9 ±15.87 46.9 ±17.23 NS

Changes in litter size and weights:

no effects observed

Changes in postnatal survival:

not examined

External malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The number of examined fetuses was 231, 222, 249 and 195 in the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day groups respectively.

Malformations
One fetus was found with an umbilical hernia and malrotated left hindlimb in the 100 mg/kg bw/day dose group. The flexion of the hindlimb was not confirmed at skeletal examination. Considering that this was a single fetus and in the low dose this was judged to have likely no relationship with the test item. Moreover, umbilical hernia occurs sporadically with low incidence unrelated to the treatment according to the experience with this species in this laboratory which is in line with historical control data of another strain of rats, i.e. CrL:CD(R) BR rats (Lang, 1993) (11). There were no external malformations recorded in the 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day groups.

Variations
The incidence of body weight retarded fetuses and litters (below 2.89 g for males and below 2.77 g for females) was statistically significantly (p<0.05) higher in the 1000 mg/kg bw/day group according to the Chi square test. There was no significance detected if the incidence of affected litters or the percentile litter means were evaluated and no clear dose relationship was observed. Hence, this was considered to be unrelated from the treatment. There was no statistical significance indicated in the other groups.

Placental abnormalities
There were no treatment related placental abnormalities found during the external examination. Two placentas were fused in the control group.

APPENDIX VII/A RESULTS OF EXTERNAL, VISCERAL AND SKELETAL EXAMINATIONS
(percentile litter means and SD)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000
EXTERNAL EXAMINATION
Litters examined N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 231 222 249 195
Fetuses with abnormalities Mean 4,4 8 3,6 9,4
SD 10,2 13,18 7,83 14,55
Variation Mean 4,4 7,5 3,6 9,4
SD 10,2 13,29 7,83 14,55
Malformation Mean 0 0,5 0 0
SD 0 2,24 0 0
Retarded in body weight Mean 4,4 8 3,6 9,4
SD 10,2 11,78 7,83 14,55

Remarks: * = p < 0.05
** = p < 0.01
U = Mann-Whitney U - test Versus Control
DN = Duncan's multiple range test

APPENDIX VII/A RESULTS OF EXTERNAL, VISCERAL AND SKELETAL EXAMINATIONS
(sum, %)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000
EXTERNAL EXAMINATION
Litters examined N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 231 222 249 195
Fetuses with abnormalities N 9 17 9 18*
% 4 8 4 9
Litters N 6 9 6 8
% 30 45 27 47
Variation N 9 16 9 18*
% 4 7 4 9
Litters N 6 8 6 8
% 30 40 27 47
Malformation N 0 1 0 0
% 0 0 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0
Retarded in body weight N 9 17 9 18*
% 4 8 4 9
Litters N 6 9 6 8
% 30 45 27 47

Remarks:
* = p < 0.05; CH2
** = p < 0.01; CH2


APPENDIX IX TYPES OF EXTERNAL ABNORMALITIES
(sum, %)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000

Number of Dams N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 231 222 249 195
Fetuses with abnormalities N 9 17 9 18*
% 4 8 4 9
Litters N 6 9 6 8
% 30 45 27 47
Variation N 9 16 9 18*
% 4 7 4 9
Litters N 6 8 6 8
% 30 40 27 47
Malformation N 0 1 0 0
% 0 0 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0

FETAL VARIATIONS

Retarded in body weight N 9 17 9 18*
% 4 8 4 9
Litters N 6 9 6 8
% 30 45 27 47
Hydrops fetalis N 0 1 0 0
% 0 0 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0


FETAL MALFORMATIONS

Multiple malformed N 0 1 0 0
% 0 0 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0


Placental abnormalities

Fused N 1 0 0 0
% 0 0 0 0
Litters N 1 0 0 0
% 5 0 0 0
Remarks:
* = p < 0.05; CH2
** = p < 0.01; CH2

Skeletal malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The number of examined fetuses was 118, 113, 125 and 97 in the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day groups respectively.

Malformations:
There were two malformations found in the control group, one fetus had bent scapula (unilateral) and one with a dumb-bell shaped cartilage of a thoracic vertebral centrum. Three malformed fetuses were found in the 100 mg/kg bw/day group. One of these fetuses had a split sternum (this was the same fetus with umbilical hernia at external examination), bifurcate rib was recorded for a second and short femur, tibia and fibula for a third one. There were no malformations found in the 300 mg/kg bw/day dose group. Abnormal articulation of the fibula with calcaneus and talus was recorded for one fetus in the 1000 mg/kg bw/day group.
Split sternum may occur without any test item relationship with a low incidence according to the laboratory’s Historical Control Data (Appendix XXIV/B) of Toxi-Coop Zrt. This is in line with historical control data of another strain of rats, i.e. CrL:CD(R) BR rats (Lang, 1993) by which also bifurcate (branched) ribs and hypoplastic long bones of the hind limbs may occur in control animals (11). Considering the low incidence (one single fetus in the high dose group) of these different type of malformations the occurrence was likely not attributed to the treatment.

Variations:
Retardation of the skull, incomplete ossification or lack of ossification of the skull bones, hyoid, sternebra, vertebrae and metacarpal/metatarsal, bipartite supraoccipital, as well as bipartite sternal bodies, wavy ribs, dumb-bell shaped and bipartite and asymmetric thoracic or lumbar centra (with or without a slightly dumb-bell shaped cartilage), unossified SII arches, asymmetric ossification of metacarpal/metatarsal, asymmetric sacral/lumbar pelvic articulation and incompletely or not ossified pubic were evaluated as variations during the skeletal examination.

The incidence of 3 or less ossified sternebra increased significantly (p<0.05) in the 1000 mg/kg bw/day dose group however stayed within the historical control range (0 - 8.16%) and was not attributed to an effect of the test item. There were no significant differences in the different type of variations among the experimental groups.


APPENDIX VII/A RESULTS OF EXTERNAL, VISCERAL AND SKELETAL EXAMINATIONS
(percentile litter means and SD)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000
SKELETAL EXAMINATION
Litters examined N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 118 113 125 97
Fetuses with abnormalities Mean 10 12,1 19,2 13,4
SD 16,58 12,29 22,09 16,79
Variation Mean 8,3 9,1 19,2 12,6
SD 15,76 11,17 2,09 17,1
Malformation Mean 1,7 2,9 0 0,8
SD 5,13 7,29 0 3,46

Remarks: * = p < 0.05
** = p < 0.01
U = Mann-Whitney U - test Versus Control
DN = Duncan's multiple range test


APPENDIX VII/A RESULTS OF EXTERNAL, VISCERAL AND SKELETAL EXAMINATIONS
(sum, %)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000
SKELETAL EXAMINATION
Litters examined N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 118 113 125 97
Fetuses with abnormalities N 11 14 24* 13
% 9 12 19 13
Litters N 7 11 12 9
% 35 55 55 53
Variation N 9 11 24** 12
% 8 10 19 12
Litters N 6 9 12 8
% 30 45 55 47
Malformation N 2 3 0 1
% 2 3 0 1
Litters N 2 3 0 1
% 10 15 0 6

Remarks:
* = p < 0.05; CH2
** = p < 0.01; CH2



APPENDIX XI TYPES OF SKELETAL ABNORMALITIES
(sum, %)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000

Number of Dams N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 118 113 125 97
Fetuses with abnormalities N 11 14 24* 13
% 9 12 19 13
Litters N 7 11 12 9
% 35 55 55 53
Variation N 9 11 24** 12
% 8 10 19 12
Litters N 6 9 12 8
% 30 45 47
Malformation N 2 3 0 1
% 2 3 0 1
Litters N 2 3 0 1
% 10 15 0 6

FETAL VARIATIONS
Skull
retarded N 0 1 0 0
% 0 1 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0
incomplete ossification (more than 3 bones) N 1 1 1 0
% 1 1 1 0
Litters N 1 1 1 0
% 5 5 5 0
incomplete ossification, marked (one bone or more) N 5 5 10 5
% 4 4 8 5
Litters N 4 3 6 3
% 20 15 27 18
supra occipital bipartite N 0 1 0 2
% 0 1 0 2
Litters N 0 1 0 2
% 0 5 0 12
hyoid not ossified N 0 0 0 1
% 0 0 0 1
Litters N 0 0 0 1
% 0 0 0 6
Sternebra
3 or less ossified N 1 3 3 6*
% 1 3 2 6
Litters N 1 2 3 5*
% 5 10 14 29
bipartite N 0 1 0 1
% 0 1 0 1
Litters N 0 1 0 1
% 0 5 0 6
Ribs
wavy N 5 0* 2 2
% 4 0 2 2
Litters N 3 0 2 2
% 15 0 9 12
Vertebrae
Thoracic centra
- dumb-bell shaped and/or asymmetric (more than 3) N 0 0 1 0
% 0 0 1 0
Litters N 0 0 1 0
% 0 0 5 0
bipartite or bipartite and asymmetric N 0 0 1 2
% 0 0 1 2
Litters N 0 0 1 2
% 0 0 5 12
dumb-bell shaped or bipartite N 1 1 1 1
and cartilage slightly dumb-bell shaped % 1 1 1 1
Litters N 1 1 1 1
% 5 5 5 6
Thoracic and lumbar centra and/or arches
not ossified (more than 3) N 0 0 0 1
% 0 0 0 1
Litters N 0 0 0 1
% 0 0 0 6

Lumbar/sacral arches
asymmetric pelvic articulation N 0 1 7** 1
% 0 1 6 1
Litters N 0 1 5* 1
% 0 5 23 6

SII arches N 0 0 1 0
not ossified % 0 0 1 0
Litters N 0 0 1 0
% 0 0 5 0

Pelvic girdle
pubic incomplete ossification or not ossified N 0 1 0 2
% 0 1 0 2
Litters N 0 1 0 2
% 0 5 0 12

Metacarpal or metatarsal
asymetric ossification N 1 2 0 0
% 1 2 0 0
Litters N 1 2 0 0
% 5 10 0 0
less than 3/3.5 ossified N 0 2 2 3
% 0 2 2 3
Litters N 0 2 2 3
% 0 10 9 18

FETAL MALFORMATIONS

Sternebra N 0 1 0 0
split % 0 1 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0
Ribs N 0 1 0 0
bifurcate % 0 1 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0
Thoraric centrum
dumb-bell shaped or bipartite (or bipartite asymmetric) and
cartilage dumb-bell shaped N 1 0 0 0
% 1 0 0 0
Litters N 1 0 0 0
% 5 0 0 0
Pectorale girdle N 1 0 0 0
scapula bent % 1 0 0 0
Litters N 1 0 0 0
% 5 0 0 0
Hindlimb N 0 1 0 0
femur, tibia, fibula short % 0 1 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0
fibula-calcanaeus, fibula-talus abnormal articulation N 0 0 0 1
% 0 0 0 1
Litters N 0 0 0 1
% 0 0 0 6

Remarks: * = p < 0.05; CH2
* = p < 0.05; CH2
** = p < 0.01; CH2

Visceral malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The number of examined fetuses was 113, 109, 124 and 98 in the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day groups respectively.

Malformations:
One fetus was found with microphthalmy and one with situs inversus totalis in the control group. One fetus had multiple malformations (microphthalmy (bilateral); small kidney, small and malpositioned adrenal (unilateral) in the 100 mg/kg bw/day group. The right ovary was absent in this fetus and a technical error was not excluded. Considering that no other malformations were found in the test item treated groups at visceral examination this was judged to be likely unrelated from the treatment.

Variations:
Hydroureter and malpositioned testes (upper) was found with a very low incidence also in the control group and was judged to be unrelated from the treatment.


APPENDIX VII/A RESULTS OF EXTERNAL, VISCERAL AND SKELETAL EXAMINATIONS
(percentile litter means and SD)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000
VISCERAL EXAMINATION
Litters examined N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 113 109 124 98
Fetuses with abnormalities Mean 3,5 1,8 0 0,8
SD 7,48 5,67 0 3,46
Variation Mean 2 0,8 0 0,8
SD 6,29 3,73 0 3,46
Malformation Mean 1,5 1 0 0
SD 4,78 4,47 0 0


Remarks: * = p < 0.05
** = p < 0.01
U = Mann-Whitney U - test Versus Control
DN = Duncan's multiple range test


APPENDIX VII/A RESULTS OF EXTERNAL, VISCERAL AND SKELETAL EXAMINATIONS
(sum, %)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000
VISCERAL EXAMINATION
Litters examined N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 113 109 124 98
Fetuses with abnormalities N 4 2 0* 1
% 4 2 0 1
Litters N 4 2 0* 1
% 20 10 0 6
Variation N 2 1 0 1
% 2 1 0 1
Litters N 2 1 0 1
% 10 5 0 6
Malformation N 2 1 0 0
% 2 1 0 0
Litters N 2 1 0 0
% 10 5 0 0

Remarks:
* = p < 0.05; CH2
** = p < 0.01; CH2


APPENDIX X TYPES OF VISCERAL ABNORMALITIES
(sum, %)
DOSE GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day Control 100 300 1000

Number of Dams N 20 20 22 17
Fetuses examined N 113 109 124 98
Fetuses with abnormalities N 4 2 0* 1
% 4 2 0 1
Litters N 4 2 0* 1
% 20 10 0 6
Variation N 2 1 0 1
% 2 1 0 1
Litters N 2 1 0 1
% 10 5 0 6
Malformation N 2 1 0 0
% 2 1 0 0
Litters N 2 1 0 0
% 10 5 0 0

FETAL VARIATIONS

Ureters N 1 0 0 1
% 1 0 0 1
Litters N 1 0 0 1
% 5 0 0 6
Gonads N 1 1 0 0
% 1 1 0 0
Litters N 1 1 0 0
% 5 5 0 0


FETAL MALFORMATIONS

Eyes N 1 0 0 0
microphthalmy % 1 0 0 0
Litters N 1 0 0 0
% 5 0 0 0
General N 1 0 0 0
situs inversus totalis % 1 0 0 0
Litters N 1 0 0 0
% 5 0 0 0
Multiple malformed*** N 0 1 0 0
% 0 1 0 0
Litters N 0 1 0 0
% 0 5 0 0
Remarks:
* = p < 0.05; CH2 ***=microphthalmy (bilateral); kidney small, (right); adrenal small, half of left (right) and malpositioned, ovary absent (right) /ovary technical error is not excluded
** = p < 0.01; CH2

Other effects:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

significantly increased growth retardation in fetuses at 1000 mg/kg bw (variation no dose response)
incomplete ossification in all dose groups (significantly increased at 300 mg/kg bw); no dose response

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: no treatment related adverse effects observed at any dose level

Key result

Developmental effects observed:

no

Treatment related:

no

Maternal effects

GROUPS (mg/kg bw/day):	Control	100	300	1000
NUMBER OF DAMS:	20	20	22	17
Corpora Lutea	13.6	13.2	13.3	13.6
Preimplantation Loss %	6.3	6.3	7.7	12.2
Implantation	12.7	12.3	12.2	11.9
Early Embryonic Death %	8.1	6.6	6.3	2.7
Late Embryonic Death %	1.1	2.5	1.2	0.0
Dead Fetuses %	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.5
Postimplantation Loss %	9.3	9.5	7.5	3.1*
Total Intrauterine Mortality %	15.0	15.3	14.4	15.3
Viable fetuses	11.6	11.1	11.3	11.5
Male fetuses %	56.5	46.6	47.1	53.1
Female fetuses %	43.5	53.4	52.9	46.9

Fetal effects

EXTERNAL EXAMINATION	Control	100	300	1000
Litters examined	20	20	22	17
Fetuses examined	231	222	249	195
Fetuses with abnormalities	4.4	8.0	3.6	9.4
Variation	4.4	7.5	3.6	9.4
Malformation	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Retarded in body weight	4.4	8.0	3.6	9.4
VISCERAL EXAMINATION
Litters examined	20	20	22	17
Fetuses examined	113	109	124	98
Fetuses with abnormalities	3.5	1.8	0.0	0.8
Variation	2.0	0.8	0.0	0.8
Malformation	1.5	1.0	0.0	0.0
SKELETAL EXAMINATION
Litters examined	20	20	22	17
Fetuses examined	118	113	125	97
Fetuses with abnormalities	10.0	12.1	19.2	13.4
Variation	8.3	9.1	19.2	12.6
Malformation	1.7	2.9	0.0	0.8

 

Conclusions:

Based on the results of the study no developmental toxicity was observed at 1000 mg/kg bw. Maternal effects (decreased food consumption during day 5 - 14) were observed at 300 mg/kg bw.

Executive summary:

Twenty two sperm positive female rats were exposed orally to the substance from day 5 to 19 of gestation at 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw in a test according to OECD 414. Maternal effects were limited to a decreased food consumption during day 5 to 14 of the test period. No mortality, clinical signs and macroscopic changes were observed in the dams. Evaluations for developmental and fetal effects are based on 20, 20, 22 and 17 pregnancies. No effects on numbers of corpora lutea, implantations, resorptions, live fetuses, sex ratio and fetal weight were observed. No treatment related effects were found in external, visceral and skeletal examinations of the fetuses. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity is set at 1000 mg/kg bw (NOEL 300 mg/kg bw) and the NOAEL for developmental effects is 1000 mg/kg bw.

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

No maternal or developmental toxicity was observed at the highest dose tested in a study according to OECD 414

Justification for classification or non-classification

No classification is necessary for toxicity to reproduction.