Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

In an acute oral toxicity study with rats, performed according to OECD 423 test guidelines, an LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw was determined.
In an acute dermal toxicity study with rats, performed according to OECD 402 test guideline and GLP principles, an LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw was determined.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

25 March 2011 to 12 April 2011

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 423 (Acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method)

Version / remarks:

(2001)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.1 tris (Acute Oral Toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method)

Version / remarks:

(2008)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.1100 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

(2002)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (JMAFF), 12 Nohsan, Notification No 8147, November 2000, including the most recent partial revisions.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

acute toxic class method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl:WI (Han)

Sex:

female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: Young adult animals (approx. 10-11 weeks old)
- Weight at study initiation: Body weight variation was within +/- 20% of the sex mean.
- Fasting period before study: yes, overnight prior to dosing and until 3-4 hours after administration of the test substance.
- Housing: Group housing of 3 animals per cage in labeled Macrolon cages
- Diet: Free access to pelleted rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany).
- Water: Free access to tap water.
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19.5 – 21.5
- Humidity (%): 46 - 67
- Air changes (per hr): approx approximately 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Details on oral exposure:

GAVAGE METHOD: plastic feeding tubes.

Frequency: single dosage, on Day 1.

VEHICLE: water.
- Justification for choice of vehicle: The vehicle was selected based on trial formulations performed at NOTOX and on test substance data supplied by the sponsor.

MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 2000 mg/kg (10 mL/kg) body weight.

DOSAGE PREPARATION: The formulations (w/w) were prepared within 4 hours prior to dosing. Homogeneity was accomplished to a visually acceptable level.

Doses:

2000 mg/kg body weight

No. of animals per sex per dose:

6 (2 groups of three females in a stepwise manner)

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
Mortality/Viability: Twice daily
Body weights: Days 1 (pre-administration), 8 and 15
Clinical signs: At periodic intervals on the day of dosing (Day 1) and once daily thereafter, until Day 15.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: At the end of the observation period, all animals were sacrificed by oxygen/carbon dioxide procedure and subjected to necropsy.
Descriptions of all internal macroscopic abnormalities were recorded.
- Other examinations performed: none.

Statistics:

No statistical analysis was performed (The method used is not intended to allow the calculation of a precise LD50 value).

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

No mortality occurred.

Clinical signs:

other: On Day 1, hunched posture was seen in three animals and piloerection in one. No other signs were seen.

Gross pathology:

No abnormalities were found at macroscopic post mortem examination of the animals.

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

According to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

Conclusions:

In an acute oral toxicity study with rats, performed according to OECD 423 test guidelines, an LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw was determined.

Executive summary:

An acute oral toxicity study with FDCA was performed with rats, according to OECD test guideline 423 and GLP principles. No mortality occurred. On Day 1, hunched posture was seen in three animals and piloerection in one. No other clinical signs were seen and no adverse effects on body weight gain were seen. Based on these data, an LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw was determined. FDCA is not classified for acute oral toxicity based on Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

The study has klimisch code 1.

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

May 02, 2013 - May 16, 2013

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

(1987)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.3 (Acute Toxicity (Dermal))

Version / remarks:

(2008)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.1200 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

(1998)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (JMAFF), 12 Nohsan, Notification No 8147, April 2011; including the most recent partial revisions.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Wistar strain, Crl:WI (Han)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: Young adult animals (approx. 10 weeks old)
- Weight at study initiation: Body weight variation was within +/- 20% of the sex mean.
- Housing: Individually housed in labeled Macrolon cages
- Diet: Free access to pelleted rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany).
- Water: Free access to tap water.
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 – 24
- Humidity (%): 40 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): approx 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

other: 1% Aq. Carboxymethyl cellulose

Details on dermal exposure:

One day before exposure (Day -1) an area of approximately 5x7 cm on the back of the animal was clipped.

The formulation was applied in an area of approx. 10% of the total body surface, i.e. approx. 25 cm² for males and 18 cm² for females. The test substance was held in contact with the skin with a dressing, consisting of a surgical gauze patch, successively covered with aluminum foil and Coban elastic bandage. A piece of Micropore tape was additionally used for fixation of the bandages in females only.

Frequency: Single dosage, on Day 1.

Washing: Following exposure, dressings were removed and the skin cleaned of residual test substance using tap water.

Duration of exposure:

24 hours.

Doses:

2000 mg/kg

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

VEHICLE
- Justification for choice of vehicle: The vehicle was selected based on trial formulations performed at WIL Research Europe and on test substance data supplied by the sponsor.

Dose volume: 10 mL/kg

DOSAGE PREPARATION: The formulation (w/w) was prepared within 4 hours prior to dosing. Homogeneity was accomplished to a visually acceptable level. No correction was made for purity of the test substance.

Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
Mortality/Viability: Twice daily.
Body weights: Days 1 (pre-administration), 8 and 15.
Clinical signs: At periodic intervals on the day of dosing (Day 1) and once daily thereafter, until Day 15.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: At the end of the observation period, all animals were sacrificed by oxygen/carbon dioxide procedure and subjected to necropsy.
- Other examinations performed: none.

Statistics:

None.

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

No mortality occurred.

Clinical signs:

other: White staining of the treated skin area was noted for all animals on Day 2. Chromodacryorrhoea of the snout was seen for two animals on Day 1.

Gross pathology:

No abnormalities were found at macroscopic post mortem examination of the animals.

Other findings:

None.

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

According to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

Conclusions:

In an acute dermal toxicity study with rats, performed according to OECD 402 test guideline and GLP principles, an LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw was determined.

Executive summary:

An acute dermal toxicity study with FDCA in male and female Wistar rats was performed according to OECD 402 test guideline and GLP principles.

No mortality occurred. White staining of the treated skin area was noted for all animals on Day 2. Chromodacryorrhoea of the snout was seen for two animals on Day 1. The changes noted in body weight gain in males and females were within the range expected for rats used in this type of study. No abnormalities were found at macroscopic post mortem examination of the animals.

The dermal LD50 value of FDCA in Wistar rats was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight.

Based on the results, FDCA does not have to be classified and has no obligatory labelling requirement for acute dermal toxicity according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

The study has klimisch code 1.

Additional information

Acute oral:

An acute oral toxicity study with FDCA was performed with rats, according to OECD test guideline 423 and GLP principles. No mortality occurred. On Day 1, hunched posture was seen in three animals and piloerection in one. No other clinical signs were seen and no adverse effects on body weight gain were seen. Based on these data, an LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw was determined.

Acute dermal:

An acute dermal toxicity study with FDCA in male and female Wistar rats was performed according to OECD 402 test guideline and GLP principles.

No mortality occurred. White staining of the treated skin area was noted for all animals on Day 2. Chromodacryorrhoea of the snout was seen for two animals on Day 1. The changes noted in body weight gain in males and females were within the range expected for rats used in this type of study. No abnormalities were found at macroscopic post mortem examination of the animals.

The dermal LD50 value of FDCA in Wistar rats was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the results, FDCA does not have to be classified and has no obligatory labelling requirement for acute oral and acute dermal toxicity according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures.