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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 663-306-9 | CAS number: 12031-75-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.2 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 4.2 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Calculations based on worst case. Performance of the study was waived according to column 2 of REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex VIII, section 8.6.1 (see IUCLID section 7.5.2).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL value was initially used for calculations
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for chronic exposure ECHA REACH Guidance document R8, 2012
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable according to ECHA REACH Guidance document R8, 2012
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, derived from human data
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable. Please refer to "Additional information - Worker"
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Please refer to "Additional information - Worker"
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Please refer to "Additional information - Worker"
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Calculations based on worst case. Performance of the study was waived according to column 2 of REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex VIII, section 8.6.1 (see IUCLID section 7.5.3).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL value used for calculations
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for chronic exposure ECHA REACH Guidance document R8, 2012
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, derived from human data
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, derived from human data
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, see below in discussion
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below in discussion
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below in discussion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
DNEL derivation for each of the relevant endpoints was based on the most conservative dose descriptors obtained. Assessment factors were assigned accordingly. Thus, the DNELs represent worst-case scenarios. DNELs were recalculated from LiCl to Li taking the molecular weight into account.
DNEL long-term inhalation, systemic
The calculated DNEL long-term inhalation for lithium chloride was determined to be 25.62 mg/m³ (see below *),
* An inhalation NOAEC was derived by route-to-route extrapolation (ECHA CSA R8, 2012) from the lithium NOAEL long-term, human, oral value of 1.2 mg Li/kg bw/day, corresponding to 84 mg Li/person/day (70 kg/person x 1.2 mg Li/kg bw/day), as lithium is the toxicological relevant component of lithium chloride (obtained from human data, long-term (chronic) treatment of bipolar disorder with lithium carbonate, see IUCLID section 7.5). The oral, long-term (human) NOAEL of 1.2 mg Li/kg bw/day was converted to an inhalation NOAEC (human), assuming, 70 kg body weight for worker, 100 % absorption via the lung, 50 % absorption via the oral route and a daily exposure period of 8 hours during light activity (corresponding to breathing volume of 10 m³/day). Accordingly, a NOAEC of 4.2 mg Li/m³ equivalent to 25.62 mg LiCl/m³ was calculated.
NOAEC (worker) inhalation = 84 mg Li/person/ day * (1 / 10m³/person/day(8h)) * (50 % Abs. / 100 % abs.) = 4.2 mg Li/m³ = 25.62 mg LiCl/m³
An AF for exposure duration was not applicable, as data covered long-term / chronic exposure. Interspecies AFs were not applicable as the relevant NOAEL was derived from reliable and relevant high quality human data. Intraspecies differences were considered not applicable as the NOAEL was based on therapeutic concentrations (being acceptable to humans, which are physically fit, and applicable to all sub-populations), thus, relevant to worker and general population). The resulting calculated worker DNEL long-term inhalation is 25.62 mg LiCl/m³/day (25.62 mg/m³ : 1 (AFs)).
DNEL long-term dermal, systemic
The NOAEL long-term dermal of 73.2 mg LiCl/kg bw/day was calculated from the NOAEL long-term oral of 7.32 mg LiCl/kg bw/day considering a conservative 10 % absorption through the skin (ECHA document R.7C, 2012, 7.12).
NOAEL (LiCl) long-term dermal = 7.32 mg/kg bw/day x 100 : 10 = 73.2 mg LiCl/kg bw/day;
The NOAEL long-term oral and thus the NOAEL long-term dermal are based on lithium toxicity as lithium is the toxicological relevant component of lithium chloride. An AF for exposure duration was not applicable, as data covered long-term / chronic exposure. Interspecies AFs were not applicable as the relevant NOAEL was derived from very reliable and relevant high quality human data. Intraspecies differences were considered not applicable as the NOAEL was based on therapeutic concentrations (being acceptable to humans, which are physically fit and applicable to all sub-populations), therefore relevant for worker and general population. The resulting DNEL long-term dermal is 73.2 mg LiCl/kg bw/day (73.2 mg LiCl/kg bw/day : 1 (AFs)).
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.8 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1.8 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Calculations based on worst case. Performance of the study was waived according to column 2 of REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex VIII, section 8.6.1 (see IUCLID section 7.5.2).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL value used for calculations
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Recommended AF (for chronic exposure) ECHA REACH Guidance document R8, 2012
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, derived from human data
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, derived from human data
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, see below in discussion
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below in discussion
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below in discussion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Calculations based on worst case. Performance of the study was waived according to column 2 of REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex VIII, section 8.6.1 (see IUCLID section 7.5.3).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL value used for calculations
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for chronic exposure ECHA REACH Guidance document R8, 2012
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, derived from human data
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, derived from human data
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable, see below in discussion
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below in discussion
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below in discussion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
DNEL derivation for each of the relevant endpoints was based on the most conservative dose descriptors obtained. Assessment factors were assigned accordingly. Thus, the DNELs represent worst-case scenarios.
DNELs were recalculated from LiCl to Li taking the molecular weight into account.
DNEL long-term oral, systemic
The toxicological relevant component of lithium chloride is lithium. Thus, the NOAEL long-term oral of lithium chloride was calculated to be 7.32 mg LiCl/kg bw/day, based on lithium NOAEL long-term oral of 1.2 mg Li/kg bw/day (obtained from human data on long-term (chronic) treatment of bipolar disorder with lithium carbonate, see IUCLID section 7.5). For lithium chloride DNEL long-term oral derivation, an AF for exposure duration was not applicable as data available covered long-term / chronic exposure. Interspecies AFs were not applicable as the relevant NOAEL was derived from reliable and relevant high quality human data. Intraspecies differences were considered not applicable as the NOAEL was based on therapeutic concentrations (being acceptable to humans, which are physically fit, and applicable to all sub-populations), thus, relevant to general population and worker. The resulting DNEL general population long-term oral is 7.32 mg LiCl/kg bw/day (7.32 mg LiCl/kg bw/day : 1 (AFs)).
DNEL long-term inhalation, systemic
The calculated DNEL long-term inhalation for lithium chloride was determined to be 25.62 mg/m³ (see below *),
* An inhalation NOAEC was derived by route-to-route extrapolation (ECHA CSA R8, 2012) from the lithium NOAEL long-term oral (human) value of 1.2 mg Li/kg bw/day, corresponding to 72 mg Li/person/day (60 kg/person x 1.2 mg Li/kg bw/day), as lithium is the toxicological relevant component of lithium chloride (obtained from human data, long-term (chronic) treatment of bipolar disorder with lithium carbonate, see IUCLID section 7.5). The oral, long-term (human) NOAEL of 1.2 mg Li/kg bw/day was converted to an inhalation NOAEC (human), assuming, 60 kg body weight for general population, 100 % absorption via the lung, 50 % absorption via the oral route and a daily exposure period of 24 hours (corresponding to breathing volume of 20 m³/day). Accordingly, a NOAEC of 1.8 mg Li/m³ equivalent to 10.98 mg LiCl/m³ was calculated.
NOAEC (general population) inhalation = 72 mg Li/person/ day * (1 / 20m³/person/day(24h)) * (50 % Abs. / 100 % abs.) = 1.8 mg Li/m³ = 10.98 mg LiCl/m³
An AF for exposure duration was not applicable, as data covered long-term / chronic exposure. Interspecies AFs were not applicable as the relevant NOAEL was derived from reliable and relevant high quality human data. Intraspecies differences were considered not applicable as the NOAEL was based on therapeutic concentrations (being acceptable to humans, which are physically fit, and applicable to all sub-populations), thus, relevant to worker and general population. The resulting long-term inhalation DNEL for general population is 10.98 mg LiCl/m³ (10.98 mg/m³ : 1 (AFs)
DNEL long-term dermal, systemic
The NOAEL long-term dermal of 73.2 mg LiCl/kg bw/day was calculated from the NOAEL long-term oral of 7.32 mg LiCl/kg bw/day considering a conservative 10 % absorption through the skin (ECHA document R.7C, 2012, 7.12).
NOAEL (LiCl) long-term dermal = 7.32 mg/kg bw/day x 100 : 10 = 73.2 mg LiCl/kg bw/day;
The NOAEL long-term oral and thus the NOAEL long-term dermal are based on lithium toxicity as lithium is the toxicological relevant component of lithium chloride. An AF for exposure duration was not applicable, as data covered long-term / chronic exposure. Interspecies AFs were not applicable as the relevant NOAEL was derived from very reliable and relevant high quality human data. Intraspecies differences were considered not applicable as the NOAEL was based on therapeutic concentrations (being acceptable to humans, which are physically fit and applicable to all sub-populations), therefore relevant for worker and general population. The resulting DNEL long-term dermal is 73.2 mg LiCl/kg bw/day (73.2 mg LiCl/kg bw/day : 1 (AFs)).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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