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EC number: 605-092-1 | CAS number: 157248-25-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- September 6, 2011 - July 7, 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted March 23, 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and the council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH).
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- Because of the low water solubility (0.0028 mg/L), the compound cannot be detected with standard analytical methods and the development of an analytical method with a sufficiently low detection and quantification limit is complex.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- Vehicle:
Nutrient (mg/L)
NH4Cl 15.0
MgCl2 * 6H2O 12.0
CaCl2 * 2H2O 18.0
MgSO4 * 7H2O 15.0
KH2PO4 1.60
FeCl3 * 6H2O 0.0640
Na2EDTA * 2H2O 0.100
H3BO3 0.185
MnCl2 * 4H2O 0.415
ZnCl2 0.00300
CoCl2 * 6H2O 0.00150
CuCl2 * 2H2O 0.00001
Na2MoO4 * 2H2O 0.00700
NaHCO3 50.0
- pH: 7.96
- Total hardness: 24 mg/L as CaCO3 (calculated)
Preparation of the Test Item:
The test medium (reconstituted water and test material) was freshly prepared. Therefore, the calibrated flask with test material and vehicle (reconstituted water) was treated in an ultrasonic device for 1 hour. Subsequently, the preparation was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for further 23 hours. Afterwards, the formulation was given through a nutsch filter (pore size 10 - 16 µm) and the filtrate was used for the study. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Unicellular green algae
- Strain: Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): The test system used was Desmodesmus subspicatus, strain 86.81 SAG (Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Germany). This strain was further cultivated in the laboratories of Non-Clinical Safety.
- Method of cultivation: The permanent algae cultures, the pre-culture and the algae cultures of the study were cultivated in an air-conditioned room with a water temperature of 21.0 – 24.0°C, controlled at ± 2°C. For cultivation, 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 100 mL algae suspension were covered with air permeable stoppers (Heinz Herenz Medizinalbedarf GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). The cultures were shaken continuously at about 120 rpm (Universalschüttler SM25, Edmund Bühler GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) and lit between 4440 and 8880 Lux. Fluorescent tubes (Philips Master TL5 – 80 W/840 HO) installed above the flasks served for lighting.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 72h
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- -
- Hardness:
- 24 mg/L as CaCO3 (calculated)
- Test temperature:
- 22 - 23°C
- pH:
- 7.88 - 8.32
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 100.0 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 300 mL Erlenmeyer glas flasks filled with 100 mL cell suspension
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10 000 cells per ml
- Control end cells density: 1 007 570 cells per ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water according to OECD TG 201
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Light intensity and quality: The light intensity was between 4440 and 8880 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 100.0 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Remarks:
- The accuracy and reliability of the test method is demonstrated periodically as recommended by OECD Guideline No. 201 and the Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009. Therefore, potassium dichromate (Art. 104864) was tested as positive control.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: > 0.0028 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: > 0.0028 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: > 0.0028 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: > 0.0028 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: > 0.0028 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: > 0.0028 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Details on results:
- The EC values exceeded the water solubility of 0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The accuracy and reliability of the test method is demonstrated periodically as recommended by OECD Guideline No. 201 and the Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009. Therefore, potassium dichromate (Art. 104864) was tested as positive control.
The test item Art. 104864 (potassium dichromate) showed 72h EC values which are within the recommended range (Biomass integral EC50 0.20 – 0.75 mg/L and Growth rate EC50 0.60 – 1.03 mg/L). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of 100 mg/L of the test item in an open static system revealed no aquatic toxicity.
The 72-h EC10 and 72-h EC50 value for growth rate was >0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study. - Executive summary:
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the test itemon the growth and growth rate of the green algae speciesDesmodesmus subspicatus.
Study Design
The study design included one control group and one test material group with six replicates, each containing 100 mL reconstituted water or test medium and about 10000 cells/mL at the start of the experimental phase.
The study was performed as a limit test in an open static test system. The algae were exposed to a filtrate of nominal 100 mg/L. The growth of the algae was calculated after 24, 48, and 72 hours exposure in the test medium.
Results
The test material concentration in the reconstituted water was not quantified at the start and the end of this study due to the low water solubility (0.0028 mg/L). Because of the low water solubility, the compound cannot be detected with standard analytical methods. The development of an analytical method with a sufficiently low detection and quantification limit is complex.
Due to the absence of any adverse effects at the saturation concentration, the study was performed without analytical concentration verification.
An aqueous preparation of a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxic effect in Desmodesmus subspicatus.
The following EC values (Growth rate and Yield) were determined:
Parameter (0-72h)
Growth rate
Yield
EC10
95% confidence interval
>0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)
n.d.
>0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)
n.d.
EC20
95% confidence interval
>0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)
n.d.
>0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)
n.d.
EC50
95% confidence interval
>0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)
n.d.
>0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)
n.d.
n.d. = could not be determined
Conclusion
Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of 100 mg/L of the test item in an open static system revealed no aquatic toxicity. The 72-h EC10 and 72-h EC50 value for growth rate was >0.0028 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.
Reference
Description of key information
The informtion for this endpoint study record was obtained from an experimental study. The OECD GLP criteria were met and the methods applied are fully compliant with OECD TG 201.
NOEC (72 h) = 100 mg/L (nominal)
LC50 (72 h) > 100 mg/L (nominal)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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