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EC number: 308-757-1 | CAS number: 98246-84-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Biodegradation in soil
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil: simulation testing
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14-Apr-2011 to 07-Dec-2011
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results. The study report was conclusive, done to a valid guideline and the study was conducted under GLP conditions.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 011
- Report date:
- 2011
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 307 (Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Commission Directive 95/36/EC of July 14, 1995; amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC, Annex I, 7.1.1.2 rate of degradation; 7.1.1.2.1 laboratory studies - aerobic degradation.
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: SETAC (Europe): Procedures for assessing the environmental fate and ecotoxicity of pesticides, March 1995, Part 1 - Aerobic degradation.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Date of inspection: 22 to 26 March and 12 to 16 April 2010 Date of decision: 19 November 2010
- Test type:
- laboratory
Test material
- Details on test material:
- Identification:Docosyl tri[14C]methylammonium chlorideTest Item name for Report:[14C]C22-ATQ Batch Number:CFQ41057Harlan Laboratories Internal Logistic No.:241137/ASpecific Radioactivity:58 mCi/mmol, 5.29 MBq/mg (406 g/mol at this specific radioactivity)Radiochemical Purity:95.9% as determined by TLC in the stock solution (Figure 5)Expiry Date:Not needed since the purity was be determined by Harlan Laboratories Ltd. before useStorage Conditions:-20 °CStability of Test Item in Vehicle:95.9% as determined by TLC in the application solution (Figure 5)Safety Precautions:Routine hygienic procedures according to the Swiss Legislation on Radiological Protection (Switzerland, Ordinance of June 22, 1994).Unlabeled test item:The unlabeled test item was used for co-chromatography purposes.Identification:C22-Trimethylammonium chlorideSynonym:Docosyltrimethylammonium chloride, Behentrimonium chlorideTest Item name for Report:C22-ATQCAS-No.:17301-53-0 Physical Form:solidMolecular Formula:C25H54N ClBatch Number:OH 08/14Harlan Laboratories Internal Logistic No.:241758/AMolecular Weight:404.16 g/molPurity:98.7%Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC): 10 mg/L at 25 °CExpiry Date:28-Jul-2011Storage Conditions (Sponsor):<40 °C, protect from sunlightStorage Conditions (Harlan Laboratories):Room temperatureSafety Precautions:Routine hygienic procedures are sufficient to assure personnel health and safety.
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Soil classification:
- other: Three representative field soils I (Fislis, France; silt loam); II (Speyer 6S, Germany; clay) and III (Mechtildshausen, Germany; loam) were used in the study.
- Year:
- 2 011
Soil propertiesopen allclose all
- Soil no.:
- #1
- Soil type:
- silt loam
- % Clay:
- 25.83
- % Silt:
- 65.38
- % Sand:
- 8.79
- % Org. C:
- 1.37
- pH:
- 6.89
- CEC:
- 20.4 other: (mmol/100 g soil)
- Soil no.:
- #2
- Soil type:
- clay
- % Clay:
- 41.76
- % Silt:
- 34.16
- % Sand:
- 24.08
- % Org. C:
- 1.66
- pH:
- 7.16
- CEC:
- 25.52 other: (mmol/100 g soil)
- Soil no.:
- #3
- Soil type:
- loam
- % Clay:
- 17.57
- % Silt:
- 44.47
- % Sand:
- 37.96
- % Org. C:
- 1.08
- pH:
- 6.75
- CEC:
- 12.82 other: (mmol/100 g soil)
- Details on soil characteristics:
- SOIL COLLECTION AND STORAGEThree representative field soils I (Fislis, France; silt loam); II (Speyer 6S, Germany; clay) and III (Mechtildshausen, Germany; loam) were used in the study. The soils were collected from the field from the top 0-20 cm layer. Sampling and handling of the soils was performed in accordance with ISO 10381-6 [see References (1)]. For all soils, the top plant cover was removed during sampling and soil was put in containers with free access to air.Soil CollectionSoil I (Fislis) was freshly sampled from a field in Fislis, France (47°30'N, 7°21'E) in March 2011 and transported to Harlan Laboratories Ltd. shortly after sampling. Soil II (Speyer 6S) was freshly sampled from a field in Siebeldingen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany (49 °12’ N, 8 °03’ E) in March 2011 and transported to Harlan Laboratories Ltd. shortly after sampling.Soil III (Mechtildshausen) was freshly sampled from a field in Mechtildshausen, Germany (50°02'N, 8°18'E) in March 2011 and transported to Harlan Laboratories Ltd. shortly after sampling. All three soils had not been subjected to any pesticide, organic or inorganic fertiliser treatment for at least the last four years prior to sampling. There had also been no such treatment of the soils at Harlan Laboratories Ltd. Soil PreparationAfter transportation to Harlan Laboratories Ltd. the soils were stored at 4±2 °C for about one to two months until use. The soils were sieved through a 2-mm screen prior to testing, and characterized for pH, % organic carbon and matter, carbonate, cation exchange capacity, nitrogen content, particle size distribution, percent moisture at water holding capacity and microbial biomass. Before use in the study, the soils were conditioned to room temperature for about three weeks. Then, the soil was finger-crumbled and turned over frequently to avoid excessive surface drying. The soil moisture content was determined for triplicate sub-samples by halogen drying and weighing. The moisture content was adjusted with purified water to approximately pF 2.5.
Duration of test (contact time)open allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Duration:
- 124 d
- Soil No.:
- #2
- Duration:
- 124 d
- Soil No.:
- #3
- Duration:
- 124 d
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 0.2 other: mg a.i./kg dry soil
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #2
- Initial conc.:
- 0.2 other: mg a.i./kg dry soil
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #3
- Initial conc.:
- 0.2 other: mg a.i./kg dry soil
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- radiochem. meas.
Experimental conditionsopen allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Temp.:
- 20
- Humidity:
- pF 2.0-2.5
- Microbial biomass:
- start of incubation 33.4 mg org. C/100 g dry soil end of incubation 27.3 mg org. C/100 g dry soil
- Soil No.:
- #2
- Temp.:
- 20
- Humidity:
- pF 2.0-2.5
- Microbial biomass:
- start of incubation 33.4 mg org. C/100 g dry soil end of incubation 27.3 mg org. C/100 g dry soil
- Soil No.:
- #3
- Temp.:
- 20
- Humidity:
- pF 2.0-2.5
- Microbial biomass:
- start of incubation 33.4 mg org. C/100 g dry soil end of incubation 27.3 mg org. C/100 g dry soil
- Details on experimental conditions:
- Test SystemRationale for the Selection of the Test SystemAnthropogenic chemicals are frequently detected in the environment and wastewater and sewage sludge can be important emission pathways for them. Sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant is sometimes used as an organic fertilizer, resulting in the transfer of any chemicals contained within it to the soil. Aerobic and anaerobic conditions occur in soils. The use of aerobic and anaerobic soil test systems enables the study of the fate of chemicals under laboratory conditions, while providing relevant information about natural systems.Three fresh soil types were selected to evaluate the rate of degradation of the test item in the environment. Anoxic Digested SludgeThe anoxic digested sludge (dewatered) was sampled from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (ARA Füllinsdorf, Switzerland). The sludge moisture content was determined for triplicate sub-samples by oven drying and weighing. This determination revealed a water content of 68.0% (312.4 g wet sludge corresponded to 100 g dry sludge).The amount of sludge added to the soil reflected normal sludge loading to agricultural soils according to REACH Guidance (5000 kg/ha) and should correspond to about 0.17 g dry sludge/ 100 g dry soil. Therefore, an amount of 0.53 g sludge per sample was mixed with the soil.Determination of Soil Microbial BiomassThe microbial biomass of each soil was determined for all soils prior to treatment and at the end of the incubation period. A modification of the respiratory method described by Anderson and Domsch [see References (2)] was used. For this purpose, sub-samples of the sieved soil were amended with increasing amounts of glucose and submitted to respiratory measurements to determine the microbial biomass of the soil. The determination of the microbial biomass was performed at 20 ± 2 °C in the dark.The soil aliquots were packed into all-glass columns and measured semi-continuously for about 24 hours by means of an IR-gas-analyser (X STREAM R, Emerson Process Management) until CO2 decreased after the peak phase. The total volume of CO2 evolved during approximately one hour was calculated. For the calculations, the values which corresponded to a maximum initial and constant CO2-production, were used (i.e. the so-called plateau values). The value obtained was extrapolated to 100 g dry soil (for details see Section "Determination of the Microbial Biomass). Experimental ConditionsSamples of 100 g soil based on the dry weight were incubated under aerobic conditions in all-glass metabolism flasks (inner diameter: about 10.6 cm, volume: ca. 1 litre, see Scheme 1) in the dark at 20 ± 2 °C. The flasks were equipped with an air inlet and outlet. The system was continuously ventilated with moistened air. For each flask, the exiting air was passed through a trapping system, equipped with two absorption traps containing about 50 mL of ethylene glycol and 50 mL 2N sodium hydroxide to trap organic volatiles and 14CO2, respectively.For the time 0 samples, no absorption traps were set up.Each test system was uniquely identified according to Harlan Laboratories identification system to assure unmistakable identification.The soil moisture content was maintained at pF values of approximately 2.5. Soil water losses were kept to a minimum by circulating moistened air at a minimum volumetric flow rate sufficient enough to pass through the trapping system. Samples were weighed periodically during the incubation period to determine the amount of water lost by evaporation. To compensate for this loss, an amount of water equal to that lost by evaporation was added.Treatment and SamplingRationale for the Application RateThe soil samples were treated with [14C]C22-ATQ at the rate of about 0.2 mg test item/per kg dry soil (= 0.02 mg a.i./100 g dry soil), sufficient to determine its degradation rate. The application rate was based on an exposure modeling using realistic use rates.Preparation of the Application Solution and Treatment of the Test SystemThe radiolabelled test item was solubilized in ethanol. Volumetric adjustments were made by adding or evaporating ethanol, in the latter case under a stream of nitrogen. Concentrations were determined by LSC in triplicate aliquots. The applied amount was determined by LSC in triplicate application aliquots before, during and after the application process. The average of all replicates was taken as the actual applied amount. Purity and stability of the test item in the stock and application solutions was determined by TLC (see Section "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION").The quantitative details for solution preparation and the application of the test system are given below: Application solution:127'173'000 dpm/mLSpecific radioactivity: 5.29 MBq/mgtest item / ml: 0.401 mg/mLApplication aliquotsPurity: 95.9%0.050 mL6'490'871 dpm0.108 MBq0.020 mg test item Application rate0.205 mg/kg, test item / kg soil102 % of TargetTreatment of the Test SystemSamples containing 100 g soil were treated with the test item at the concentration of 0.20 mg test item/kg dry soil. In order to achieve a realistic exposure regime the test item was added to the soil via sewage sludge. The amount of sludge added to the soil reflected normal sludge loading to agricultural soils according to REACH Guidance (5000 kg/ha) and corresponds to about 0.17 g dry sludge / 100 g dry soil.Due to the low amount of sludge which was used per sample, the soil was first transferred to the metabolism flask. Prior to application a small amount of the soil from the metabolism flask was placed on a weighing boat and the solid sludge was added on top. Thereafter, a defined aliquot of 50 µL of the application solution (or ethanol for the control samples) was applied to each solid sludge sample to reach the target concentration in the soil (see Section "Preparation of the Application Solution and Treatment of the Test System"). Care was taken to absorb the complete application volume into the sludge using a Hamilton syringe. After the application procedure, the soil and sludge were put back into the metabolism flask and then mixed with the soil using a glass rod. Afterwards, the soil moisture content was adjusted as described in Section "Preparation of the Application Solution and Treatment of the Test System". Each replicate was attached immediately to the trapping system after treatment and mixing. The glass rod used was rinsed with ethanol and the radioactivity in the rinsate was measured by LSC, to ensure that no significant amounts of radioactivity were removed from the metabolism flasks. The actual amount removed is given exemplarily for soil I were the radioactivity found on the glass rod amounted to 0.03% of the applied amount.SamplingSoil SamplesDuplicate samples from all three soils were taken for extraction and analysis immediately after treatment (day 0) and after 3, 7, 14, 29, 62 and 124 days of incubation.The untreated samples were taken for the determination of the microbial biomass at the start and end of incubation.Trapping SolutionsRadioactivity in the traps was periodically monitored by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The traps were exchanged several times during the study. Prior to the determination of radioactivity, the volume of the liquid in each ethylene glycol and sodium hydroxide trap was recorded. In order to confirm the presence of 14CO2, the radioactivity contained in the sodium hydroxide traps was precipitated with barium hydroxide on pooled samples. For this purpose, 0.5 mL of the alkaline solutions was diluted with 3 mL of water and the precipitations were induced by addition of 3 mL of a saturated barium hydroxide solution. The suspensions were centrifuged and the supernatants were tested for quantitative precipitation by adding another one to two drops of the saturated Ba(OH)2 solution. If no turbidity developed upon the second addition of Ba(OH)2, the supernatants were counted by LSC measurement. If turbidity was observed, LSC measurements were performed after another precipitation step. The absence of radioactivity in the supernatants after precipitation was taken as proof that only 14CO2 was present in the sodium hydroxide solutions.Extraction and Isolation of Radioactivity from SoilExtractable and non-extractable radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting the extract and combusting the extracted soil. The total amount of soil contained in each flask (about 100 g dry weight) was exhaustively extracted using the following work-up procedure:-Acetone/0.1 M hydrochloric acid (4:1; v/v), up to four times.-Acidic reflux extraction for four hours using Acetonitrile/0.1 M hydrochloric acid (1:1; v/v)The amount of solvent used for each extraction step was about 0.8-1 mL per g soil. Each ambient extraction was performed in a shaker at about 250 vibrations per minute for about 30 minutes. The individual extracts were quantified by LSC and then combined. Acidic reflux extraction was conducted subsequent to the ambient extractions. The residual radioactivity remaining in soil after the extraction procedure was quantified by LSC after combustion of aliquots of the air-dried and homogenized soil.Characterization of the Non-Extractable RadioactivityThe residues from the reflux extractions from day 124 were submitted to organic matter fractionation in order to measure the radioactivity bound to the humic and fulvic acids as well as to the humin fraction of the soil. A procedure based on Stevenson [see Reference (4)] was used.
Results and discussion
Material (mass) balanceopen allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- % Recovery:
- 106.9
- St. dev.:
- 3.7
- Remarks on result:
- other: The total mean recoveries in terms of percent of the applied radioactivity ± 3.7%
- Soil No.:
- #2
- % Recovery:
- 105.4
- St. dev.:
- 5.1
- Remarks on result:
- other: The total mean recoveries in terms of percent of the applied radioactivity ± 5.1%
- Soil No.:
- #3
- % Recovery:
- 107.1
- St. dev.:
- 3.9
- Remarks on result:
- other: The total mean recoveries in terms of percent of the applied radioactivity ± 3.9%
% Degradationopen allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- % Degr.:
- 4.5
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 124 d
- Soil No.:
- #2
- % Degr.:
- 3.4
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 124 d
- Soil No.:
- #3
- % Degr.:
- 13.5
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 124 d
Half-life / dissipation time of parent compoundopen allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- DT50:
- 45.5 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: DT50 (12 deg C), median of three soils
- Soil No.:
- #1
- DT50:
- 24 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: DT50 (20 deg C), median of three soils
- Soil No.:
- #1
- DT50:
- 23.2
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: DT50 (d) at 20 °C
- Soil No.:
- #2
- DT50:
- 24
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: DT50 (d) at 20 °C
- Soil No.:
- #3
- DT50:
- 41.4
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: DT50 (d) at 20 °C
- Transformation products:
- no
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- not measured
- Volatile metabolites:
- yes
- Residues:
- yes
- Details on results:
- Radiochemical Purity and Stability of the Test Item.The purity of [14C]C22-ATQ in the stock and application solutions was determined by TLC to be 95.9% , thereby confirming the purity and stability of the test item. Material Balance (Overall Recovery of Radioactivity)The results are summarized in Table 2 to Table 4 in terms of percent of the applied radioactivity and in Appendix II in mg test item equivalents/kg dry soil.The total mean recoveries in terms of percent of the applied radioactivity were 106.9 ± 3.7% (soil I), 105.4 ± 5.1% (soil II), and 107.1 ± 3.9% (soil III).On the whole, duplicate samples gave similar results; therefore the results in the following sections are expressed as the mean value.Characterization of RadioactivityExtractable RadioactivityThe extractable radioactivity decreased in soils I-III from 27.8 – 60.4% of the applied radioactivity at time 0 (immediately after application) to 3.4 – 13.5% by day 124 at the end of the study.Non-Extractable RadioactivityThe non-extractable radioactivity decreased in soils I-III from 45.8 – 80.6% of the applied radioactivity at time 0 to 17.3 – 28.2% by day 124 . Organic matter fractionation of the non-extractable radioactivity of soils I-III from day 124 indicated that 1.5 – 2.3% of applied was bound to fulvic acids, 2.5 – 2.9% to the immobile humic acids and 12.5 – 24.2% to humins (Table 5 and Table 6).See tables 2-6 in section "Any other information on results incl. tables"VolatilesThe levels of radioactive CO2 in soils I-III reached 63.1 – 72.6% of the applied radioactivity by the end of the study (Table 2 to Table 4 ).Volatile radioactivity trapped in ethylene glycol was throughout the study below 0.1% the applied radioactivity.Microbial BiomassThe microbial biomass in soils I-III was 23.6 – 35.2 mg microbial C/100 g dry soil at the start and 19.1 – 27.4 mg at the end of the study confirming thereby the viability of the soils during the study.Rate of Degradation of [14C]C22-ATQ in SoilThe rate of disappearance of [14C]C22-ATQ was based on the total extractable radioactivity measured at each interval, thereby assuming the entire extractable radioactivity to consist of [14C]C22-ATQ. Fitted curves were calculated using simple first order kinetics (Section "Calculation of DT50 and DT90 values). The following DT50 and DT90 values were calculated:Soil IDT50 (days): 23.2DT90 (days): 77.1Soil IIDT50 (days): 24.0DT90 (days): 79.9Soil IIIDT50 (days): 41.4DT90 (days): 137.4
- Results with reference substance:
- Reference ItemOnly the unlabeled test item was used as reference item. The latter was used to confirm the identity and radiochemical purity of the test item by 1D-TLC.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Tables 2 to 6.
Table2 Balance of the Applied Radioactivity in Soil I Treated with [14C]C22-ATQ. Values in Percent of Applied Radioactivity
14C C22-ATQ | Sample | INCUBATION TIME IN DAYS | ||||||
Fislis | ||||||||
(% of applied) | 0 | 3 | 7 | 14 | 29 | 62 | 124 | |
Ambient Extractions | A | 43.1 | 40.2 | 37.6 | 23.0 | 10.8 | 6.1 | 2.4 |
B | 42.5 | 40.6 | 39.5 | 24.1 | 12.4 | 6.0 | 2.6 | |
Reflux Extraction | A | 3.1 | 2.0 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 2.0 |
B | 2.5 | 1.9 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 3.9 | 2.0 | |
Total Extractables | A | 46.2 | 42.2 | 42.7 | 27.3 | 16.0 | 9.6 | 4.4 |
B | 45.0 | 42.5 | 44.7 | 28.4 | 17.5 | 10.0 | 4.5 | |
Mean | 45.6 | 42.4 | 43.7 | 27.9 | 16.7 | 9.8 | 4.5 | |
Non-extractables | A | 62.6 | 61.2 | 57.8 | 57.6 | 47.6 | 41.3 | 23.5 |
B | 63.5 | 63.9 | 55.1 | 56.3 | 45.6 | 38.7 | 20.5 | |
Mean | 63.1 | 62.5 | 56.5 | 57.0 | 46.6 | 40.0 | 22.0 | |
14CO2 | A | n.p. | 2.4 | 7.9 | 23.7 | 42.3 | 59.3 | 71.4 |
B | n.p. | 2.4 | 9.4 | 22.6 | 44.8 | 60.5 | 73.8 | |
Mean | n.p. | 2.4 | 8.6 | 23.2 | 43.6 | 59.9 | 72.6 | |
Organic Volatiles | A | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
B | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | |
Mean | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | |
T O T A L | A | 108.8 | 105.8 | 108.4 | 108.7 | 105.8 | 110.2 | 99.3 |
B | 108.5 | 108.8 | 109.1 | 107.4 | 108.0 | 109.1 | 98.9 | |
TOTAL MEAN ± SD |
|
| 106.9 | ± | 3.7 |
|
|
|
n.p. not performed
Table3 Balance of the Applied Radioactivity in Soil II Treated with [14C]C22-ATQ.Values in Percent of Applied Radioactivity
14C C22-ATQ | Sample | INCUBATION TIME IN DAYS | ||||||
Speyer 6S | ||||||||
(% of applied) | 0 | 3 | 7 | 14 | 29 | 62 | 124 | |
Ambient Extractions | A | 26.6 | 23.6 | 27.9 | 13.2 | 7.6 | 5.3 | 2.5 |
B | 27.4 | 23.3 | 25.2 | 16.0 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 2.3 | |
Reflux Extraction | A | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.0 |
B | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | |
Total Extractables | A | 27.4 | 24.2 | 29.5 | 15.6 | 9.4 | 6.6 | 3.5 |
B | 28.2 | 23.9 | 27.0 | 18.3 | 10.2 | 6.0 | 3.2 | |
| Mean | 27.8 | 24.1 | 28.2 | 17.0 | 9.8 | 6.3 | 3.4 |
Non-extractables | A | 81.2 | 77.9 | 76.6 | 74.8 | 59.9 | 54.2 | 28.0 |
B | 80.1 | 80.2 | 74.6 | 72.0 | 62.1 | 51.3 | 28.4 | |
| Mean | 80.6 | 79.0 | 75.6 | 73.4 | 61.0 | 52.7 | 28.2 |
14CO2 | A | n.p. | 0.6 | 4.2 | 14.9 | 38.3 | 48.7 | 63.4 |
B | n.p. | 1.5 | 6.6 | 15.9 | 34.6 | 50.4 | 62.8 | |
| Mean | n.p. | 1.0 | 5.4 | 15.4 | 36.5 | 49.5 | 63.1 |
Organic Volatiles | A | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
B | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | |
| Mean | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
T O T A L | A | 108.6 | 102.7 | 110.2 | 105.4 | 107.6 | 109.5 | 94.9 |
B | 108.3 | 105.6 | 108.2 | 106.2 | 106.9 | 107.7 | 94.4 | |
TOTAL MEAN ± SD |
|
| 105.4 | ± | 5.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n.p. not performed
Table4 Balance of the Applied Radioactivity in Soil III Treated with [14C]C22-ATQ.Values in Percent of Applied Radioactivity
14C C22-ATQ | Sample | INCUBATION TIME IN DAYS | ||||||
Mechthildshausen | ||||||||
(% of applied) | 0 | 3 | 7 | 14 | 29 | 62 | 124 | |
Ambient Extractions | A | 54.6 | 57.8 | 56.3 | 38.9 | 28.0 | 17.3 | 11.0 |
B | 59.0 | 57.2 | 57.4 | 40.0 | 27.0 | 16.6 | 10.0 | |
Reflux Extraction | A | 3.6 | 2.3 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 5.8 | 4.2 | 3.1 |
B | 3.6 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 7.6 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 2.8 | |
Total Extractables | A | 58.3 | 60.1 | 61.2 | 46.7 | 33.8 | 21.4 | 14.1 |
B | 62.5 | 59.5 | 62.2 | 47.5 | 32.9 | 21.1 | 12.8 | |
| Mean | 60.4 | 59.8 | 61.7 | 47.1 | 33.4 | 21.3 | 13.5 |
Non-extractables | A | 45.7 | 45.5 | 40.8 | 42.4 | 40.9 | 31.5 | 17.5 |
B | 45.9 | 49.3 | 41.3 | 41.6 | 41.5 | 31.4 | 17.1 | |
| Mean | 45.8 | 47.4 | 41.1 | 42.0 | 41.2 | 31.5 | 17.3 |
14CO2 | A | n.p. | <0.1 | 6.6 | 19.8 | 34.9 | 57.4 | 67.8 |
B | n.p. | 0.1 | 5.4 | 20.0 | 35.4 | 56.7 | 68.9 | |
| Mean | n.p. | 0.1 | 6.0 | 19.9 | 35.2 | 57.0 | 68.3 |
Organic Volatiles | A | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
B | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | |
| Mean | n.p. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
T O T A L | A | 104.0 | 105.7 | 108.7 | 108.9 | 109.6 | 110.3 | 99.3 |
B | 108.4 | 108.8 | 108.9 | 109.2 | 109.8 | 109.3 | 98.8 | |
TOTAL MEAN ± SD |
|
| 107.1 | ± | 3.9 |
|
|
|
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n.p. not performed
Table5 Organic Matter Fractionation of the Day 124 Soil Samples after Ambient and Reflux Extraction in Soil I (Top) and Soil II (Bottom)
Soil Organic Matter Fractionation | Soil I, day 124 | ||||||||
Duplicate A |
| Duplicate B |
| Mean |
| ||||
%* | %** | %* | %** | %* | %** | ||||
Non-extractables (after ambient and relfux extraction) | -- | 23.5 | -- | 20.5 | -- | 22.0 | |||
Remaining non-extractable | 100.0 | 23.5 | 100.0 | 20.5 | 100.0 | 22.0 | |||
Soluble fraction at low pH (fulvic acids) | 10.3 | 2.4 | 10.7 | 2.2 | 10.5 | 2.3 | |||
Soluble fraction at high pH (humic acids) | 13.0 | 3.1 | 12.9 | 2.6 | 12.9 | 2.9 | |||
Insoluble fraction (humin) | 76.7 | 18.0 | 76.4 | 15.7 | 76.6 | 16.9 | |||
Total | 100.0 | 23.5 | 100.0 | 20.5 | 100.0 | 22.0 | |||
Total (humic acids and humin) | 89.7 | 21.1 | 89.3 | 18.3 | 89.5 | 19.7 |
Soil Organic Matter Fractionation | Soil II, day 124 | ||||||||
Duplicate A |
| Duplicate B |
| Mean |
| ||||
%* | %** | %* | %** | %* | %** | ||||
Non-extractables (after ambient and relfux extraction) | -- | 28.0 | -- | 28.4 | -- | 28.2 | |||
Remaining non-extractable | 100.0 | 28.0 | 100.0 | 28.4 | 100.0 | 28.2 | |||
Soluble fraction at low pH (fulvic acids) | 5.3 | 1.5 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 5.3 | 1.5 | |||
Soluble fraction at high pH (humic acids) | 8.6 | 2.4 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 8.9 | 2.5 | |||
Insoluble fraction (humin) | 86.2 | 24.1 | 85.4 | 24.3 | 85.8 | 24.2 | |||
Total | 100.0 | 28.0 | 100.0 | 28.4 | 100.0 | 28.2 | |||
Total (humic acids and humin) | 94.7 | 26.5 | 94.7 | 26.9 | 94.7 | 26.7 |
*: % of bound radioactivity after ambient and reflux extraction
**: % of applied radioactivity
Table6 Organic Matter Fractionation of the Day 124 Soil Samples after Ambient and Reflux Extraction in Soil III
Soil Organic Matter Fractionation | Soil III, day 124 | ||||||||||||
Duplicate A | Duplicate B | Mean | |||||||||||
%* | %** | %* | %** | %* | %** | ||||||||
Non-extractables (after ambient and relfux extraction) | -- | 17.5 | -- | 17.1 | -- | 17.3 | |||||||
Remaining non-extractable | 100.0 | 17.5 | 100.0 | 17.1 | 100.0 | 17.3 | |||||||
Soluble fraction at low pH (fulvic acids) | 12.3 | 2.1 | 13.0 | 2.2 | 12.6 | 2.2 | |||||||
Soluble fraction at high pH (humic acids) | 15.3 | 2.7 | 15.3 | 2.6 | 15.3 | 2.6 | |||||||
Insoluble fraction (humin) | 72.5 | 12.7 | 71.7 | 12.3 | 72.1 | 12.5 | |||||||
Total | 100.0 | 17.5 | 100.0 | 17.1 | 100.0 | 17.3 | |||||||
Total (humic acids and humin) | 87.7 | 15.3 | 87.0 | 14.9 | 87.4 | 15.1 |
*: % of bound radioactivity after ambient and reflux extraction
**: % of applied radioactivity
Soil Organic Matter Fractionation | Soil III, day 124 | ||||||||
Duplicate A |
| Duplicate B |
| Mean |
| ||||
%* | %** | %* | %** | %* | %** | ||||
Non-extractables (after ambient and relfux extraction) | -- | 17.5 | -- | 17.1 | -- | 17.3 | |||
Remaining non-extractable | 100.0 | 17.5 | 100.0 | 17.1 | 100.0 | 17.3 | |||
Soluble fraction at low pH (fulvic acids) | 12.3 | 2.1 | 13.0 | 2.2 | 12.6 | 2.2 | |||
Soluble fraction at high pH (humic acids) | 15.3 | 2.7 | 15.3 | 2.6 | 15.3 | 2.6 | |||
Insoluble fraction (humin) | 72.5 | 12.7 | 71.7 | 12.3 | 72.1 | 12.5 | |||
Total | 100.0 | 17.5 | 100.0 | 17.1 | 100.0 | 17.3 | |||
Total (humic acids and humin) | 87.7 | 15.3 | 87.0 | 14.9 | 87.4 | 15.1 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- [14C]C22-ATQ dissipated rapidly in all three soils with DT50 values of 23, 24 and 41 days at 20 deg C in soils I, II and III, respectively. The rate of dissipation was based on the total extractable radioactivity measured at each interval, thereby assuming the entire extractable radioactivity to consist of [14C]C22-ATQ. The median DT50 at environmental temperature of 12 deg C is 24d which is used in exposure calculations.The levels of radioactive CO2 in soils I-III reached 63.1 – 72.6% of the applied radioactivity by the end of the study. The non-extractable radioactivity decreased in soils I-III from 45.8 – 80.6% of the applied radioactivity at time 0 to 17.3 – 28.2% by day 124.Organic matter fractionation of the non-extractable radioactivity of soils I-III from day 124 indicated that 1.5 – 2.3% of applied was bound to fulvic acids, 2.5 – 2.9% to the immobile humic acids and 12.5 – 24.2% to humins.Degradation of [14C]C22-ATQ in soil incubated under aerobic conditions at 20 °C proceeds via the formation significant amounts of radioactive carbon dioxide and bound residues.
- Executive summary:
SUMMARY
The rate of degradation of[14C]C22-ATQ(C22-Trimethylammonium chloride)was investigated in three soils incubated under aerobic conditions for 124 days.The following soils were used for the study: soil I (,; silt loam), soil II (6S,; clay) and soil III (,; loam).
The freshly collected soils were passed through a 2 mm sieve.Samples containing 100 g dry soil were treated with[14C]C22-ATQat the concentration of 0.205 mg a.i./kg dry soil(= 0.020 mg a.i./100 g dry soil), sufficient to determine its degradation rate. The application rate was based on an exposure modeling using realistic use rates.In order to achieve a realistic exposure regime the test item was added to the soil via sewage sludge.The amount of sludge added to the soil reflected normal sludge loading to agricultural soils according to REACH Guidance (5000 kg/ha) and corresponds to about 0.17 g dry sludge / 100 g dry soil.
Adequate moisture contents were adjusted with purified water. A pF value of 2.5 was adjusted, since the soils agglomerated at water contents corresponding to pF values below 2.5. Nevertheless, the soil moisture was sufficient to support microbial degradation. In addition, the water content had to be kept low enough to allow for thorough mixing of the soils with the sewage sludge.The treated soil samples were incubated at 20 ± 2 °C in the dark under continuous ventilation with moistened air. The exiting air was passed through a trapping system consisting of flasks of ethylene glycol and sodium hydroxide in series. Prior to treatment and at the end of the incubation period, the microbial biomass was determined for each soil. The results showed that the soils were viable during the study.
Duplicate samples treated with the test item were taken immediately from each soil after treatment (day 0) and after 3, 7, 14 29, 62 and 124 days. Each sample was submitted to the following extraction procedure: ambient extraction using acetone/0.1 M HCl (4:1; v/v) for up to four times, followed by acidic reflux extraction using acetonitrile/0.1 M HCl (1:1; v/v) for 4 hours. The individual extracts were measured by LSC and combined.
The total mean recoveries in terms of percent of the applied radioactivity were 106.9 ± 3.7% (soil I), 105.4 ± 5.1% (soil II), and 107.1 ± 3.9% (soil III). On the whole, duplicate samples gave similar results; therefore the results in the following sections are expressed as the mean value.
The extractable radioactivity decreased in soils I-III from 27.8 – 60.4% of the applied radioactivity at time 0 (immediately after application) to 3.4 – 13.5% by day 124at the end of the study.
The non-extractable radioactivity decreasedin soils I-III from 45.8 – 80.6% of the applied radioactivity at time 0 to 17.3 – 28.2% by day 124.
Organic matter fractionation of the non-extractable radioactivity of soils I-III from day 124 indicated that 1.5 – 2.3% of applied was bound to fulvic acids, 2.5 – 2.9% to the immobile humic acids and 12.5 – 24.2% to humins.
The levels of radioactive CO2in soils I-III reached 63.1 – 72.6%of the applied radioactivity by the end of the study.
Volatile radioactivity trapped in ethylene glycol was throughout the study below 0.1% the applied radioactivity.
The microbial biomass in soils I-III was 23.6 – 35.2 mg microbial C/100 g dry soil at the start and 19.1 – 27.4 mg at the end of the study confirming thereby the viability of the soils during the study.
The rate of disappearance of[14C]C22-ATQ was based on the total extractable radioactivity measured at each interval, thereby assuming the entire extractable radioactivity to consist of [14C]C22-ATQ.Fitted curves were calculated using simple first order kinetics.The following DT50and DT90values were determined:
Soil
[14C]C22-ATQ
DT50(days)
DT90(days)
Soil I
23.2
77.1
Soil II
24.0
79.9
Soil
41.4
137.4
Degradation of[14C]C22-ATQin soil incubated under aerobic conditions at 20 °C proceeds via the formation radioactive carbon dioxide and bound residues.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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