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EC number: 245-485-1 | CAS number: 23202-81-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 26 February 2013 to 13 June 13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Fully GLP compliant and in accordance with current test guidelines
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
- Report date:
- 2013
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methylfuranoside
- IUPAC Name:
- Methylfuranoside
- Reference substance name:
- Methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranoside
- EC Number:
- 245-485-1
- EC Name:
- Methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranoside
- Cas Number:
- 23202-81-5
- Molecular formula:
- C9H16O4
- IUPAC Name:
- methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribofuranoside
- Test material form:
- other: Pale yellow liquid
- Details on test material:
- Name: Methylfuranoside
CAS number: 23202-81-5
Batch number: 201111082008#
Quantity received: 1.5 kg
Purity: 99.7%
Expiry date: November 2013
Date of receipt: 20 February 2013
Storage details: stored in a sealed container, at room temperature (15 to 30°C) in the dark
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
The reference substance used in this study was sodium benzoate (VWR, AnalaR). Based on the molecular formula of sodium benzoate, its carbon content expressed as a percentage by weight is 58.3%. This value was used in setting the test concentration of sodium benzoate.
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- A sample of activated sludge was collected from one of the return lines at Burley Menston sewage treatment works (West Yorkshire, UK), which has a predominantly domestic waste-water catchment. The sample was transported to Smithers Viscient in a closed container, but with an adequate headspace, to prevent the sample becoming anaerobic.
On arrival, the sample was aerated by means of a compressed air supply.
The suspended solids concentration of the activated sludge was determined by filtering a subsample (25 mL) through a pre-dried and pre-weighed glass microfibre filter (Whatman GF/C). The filter and retained solids were then dried in an oven and re-weighed. The weight of the sludge solids was determined from the difference in the weights before and after drying.
The activated sludge used in this study was not deliberately acclimatised or adapted to methylfuranoside before exposure under test conditions. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 15 other: mg carbon/L
- Based on:
- other: carbon content
- Details on study design:
- The study consisted of four treatment groups as described below:
Blank control containing inoculated mineral salts medium
Test substance containing inoculated mineral salts medium and test substance
Reference substance containing inoculated mineral salts medium and sodium benzoate
Toxicity control containing inoculated mineral salts medium, test substance and sodium benzoate
The purpose of the toxicity control was to assess the biodegradation of the reference substance in the presence of the test substance.
Duplicate vessels were prepared for the test substance, reference substance and blank control groups. A single vessel was prepared for the toxicity control.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- other: Sodium benzoate
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 29 d
- Details on results:
- Inorganic Carbon (IC) Content of the Test Medium
The IC concentration of the test inoculated mineral salts medium concentrate was 0.32 mg carbon/L. The validity criterion of less than 5% carbon loading (2.25 mg carbon/L) was therefore met.
Measured CO2 Yields as a Percentage of Theoretical
The total carbon dioxide production in the blank control vessels was 97 and 95 mg for the two vessels, satisfying the validity criterion of less than 120 mg.
Methylfuranoside
To be considered readily biodegradable, a test substance must achieve 60% biodegradation by the end of the test. Additionally, the rate of biodegradation must be sufficient to reach 60% within ten days of reaching 10%. Since no biodegradation was observed, methylfuranoside cannot be considered readily biodegradable. Percent biodegradation values at each sampling interval, for the two replicates containing methylfuranoside, did not vary, therefore satisfying the validity criterion of less than 20% difference.
Sodium Benzoate
Rapid CO2 generation commenced immediately and declined to a more gradual rate over the period of the incubation. The mean percentage biodegradation had reached 75% by Day 14 and 85% by Day 28. The validity criterion of 60% biodegradation at 14 days was therefore met.
Toxicity Control
Assessment of biodegradation in the toxicity control was calculated for the sodium benzoate fraction. The rate of biodegradation of the reference substance in the presence of methylfuranoside (77% at 14 days and 88% at 28 days) was comparable to that of the reference substance alone, suggesting that methylfuranoside did not have an inhibitory effect on the sludge microorganisms under the test conditions.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- All validity criteria were satisfied and the results of this study are therefore considered to be valid.
Mean CO2 evolution from methylfuranoside remained at 0% of the theoretical CO2 yield over the 28 days. The level of biodegradation failed to meet the requirements for ready biodegradability and methylfuranoside cannot, therefore, be classified as readily biodegradable. However, the results of this study do not necessarily suggest that methylfuranoside would persist or accumulate in the aerobic environment. - Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of methylfuranoside was assessed by measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution under standard conditions. The procedure followed was that of OECD Guideline 301B, Ready Biodegradability (Adopted 1981, Revised 1992).
The test substance, methylfuranoside, was added to the test system in an aqueous solution. Buffered mineral salts medium was added to give a test substance concentration equivalent to 15 mg organic carbon/L. The medium was inoculated with microorganisms derived from a sample of activated sludge not previously intentionally exposed to the test substance. Test vessels were incubated in darkness at 22 ± 2°C for 28 days and their contents continuously sparged with a supply of CO2-free air. The exhaust air from each vessel was passed through a series of traps containing a barium hydroxide solution, to trap evolved CO2.
At regular intervals during the incubation, traps were detached and their contents titrated with hydrochloric acid to determine the quantity of CO2 evolved from the respective test vessels. At the end of incubation, the test vessel contents were acidified to release any residual CO2 that may have remained in solution. Titration of the traps was performed following overnight aeration.
The procedure and the activity of the inoculum were checked by measuring the CO2 evolved from vessels containing a reference substance, sodium benzoate. An additional vessel containing a combination of the test and reference substances served as a toxicity control to assess whether the test substance was inhibitory to biodegradation at the test concentration. Two blank control vessels were also prepared containing inoculated medium only. The results of these vessels were used to check the validity of the test and to correct the evolved CO2 values.
Mean CO2 evolution from methylfuranoside remained at 0% of the theoretical CO2 yield over the 28 days. The level of biodegradation failed to meet the requirements for ready biodegradability and methylfuranoside cannot, therefore, be classified as readily biodegradable. However, the results of this study do not necessarily suggest that methylfuranoside would persist or accumulate in the aerobic environment.
Mean total CO2 production in the blank control vessels was 96 mg at the end of the test, satisfying the validity criterion of < 120 mg.
Mean biodegradation of the reference substance was 75% on Day 14, and 85% at the end of the test. The rate of biodegradation of the reference substance in the presence of methylfuranoside (88% at 28 days) was comparable to that of the reference substance alone, suggesting that methylfuranoside did not have an inhibitory effect on the sludge microorganisms under the test conditions.
All validity criteria were satisfied and the results of this study are therefore considered to be valid.
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