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EC number: 214-540-1 | CAS number: 1143-72-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2022-12-12 to 2023-02-22
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004-04-13
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0, 10, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2, 100 mg/L (nominal)
Analysis of the test item concentration directly after each preparation (fresh medium) and after 24 h (old medium) was performed. One sample was given to the analytical laboratory for analysis. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A preparation with a test item concentration of 100 mg/L was freshly prepared. For that purpose, the test item was weighed in a calibrated flask and vehicle was added. The preparation was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 3 hours. Then the formulation was passed through a filter membrane (pore size: 0.2 μm). The filtrate was used for the preparation of the different concentrations. The pH was not adjusted.
- Controls: reconstituted water without test item
- Chemical name of vehicle: Reconstituted water (ELENDT M4 medium) was used as vehicle.
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material: No - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain/clone: Straus
- Age at study initiation: less than 24 h old
- Method of breeding: Daphnids are kept individually in 100 mL glass vessels containing approximately 60 mL reconstituted water (ELENDT M4 medium) at a water temperature of 20 ± 2 °C and a 16-hour light and 8-hour dark regime to ensure similar conditions as in the experiment. The parental daphnids are fed ad libitum with unicellular green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata three times per week. Offspring are removed from the vessels at least twice per week.
- Source: originally obtained from IBACON GmbH (Roßdorf, Germany), bred in test facility
- Age of parental stock: Parental daphnids are used for reproduction until they are about 6 weeks old. Thereafter, they are replaced by neonates.
- Feeding during test: No
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not applicable, as similar conditions as in the experiment are used during breeding
Before start of the experimental phase, the young daphnids were separated from their parent animals and transferred into a test vessel containing reconstituted water. The daphnids were visually inspected for motility. If daphnids did not make any swimming movements within 15 seconds after their test vessels have been gently agitated, they were considered to be immobile and were not used for the study. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- no
- Hardness:
- 247 -248 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22 °C
- pH:
- 7.06 - 7.66
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.37 - 8.50 mg/L (vehicle)
The oxygen concentrations were within normal range in samples during the test. - Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- 580 - 582 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 10, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2, 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: test tubes
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 20 mL, headspace not defined, at least 20 mL
- Volume of solution: at least 20 mL
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: renewal after 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): vehicle is reconstituted water, thus, no additional control needed
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water (ELENDT M4 medium) is composed of the components (analytical grade) as detailed in “Any other information on materials and methods”. The components were dissolved in fully demineralized water (Milli-Q ® Water Purification System, Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). Stock solutions of FeSO4*7H2O and Na2EDTA*2H2O were mixed and autoclaved immediately. After preparation, the reconstituted water was aerated for 24 hours.
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
- Light intensity: The mean light intensities were 665 Lux and 707 Lux prior to and at the end of the exposure period, respectively.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mobility (daily)
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no, vehicle is reconstituted water, thus, no additional control needed
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
A concentration dependent immobilization was seen in a semi-static pre-test with open vessels and 48 h exposure.
nominal concentration [mg/L]: number of daphnids immobilized
0: 0/20
1.0: 0/20
10.0: 0/20
100.0: 20/20 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Remarks:
- No concurrent positive control was used. To demonstrate the suitability of study conditions and to check the sensitivity of the test system, potassium dichromate is tested at regular intervals as positive control substance.
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.52 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.43 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- 2.53 - 4.6
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Immobilisation of control: In the control group, no daphnids were immobilized.
For further details refer to "Any other information on results". - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 24-hour EC50 must be within the range of the published data of 0.6 to 1.7 mg/L (Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008) and 0.6 to 2.1 mg/L (OECD Guideline No. 202).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test item showed a 48h EC50 of 3.42 mg/L for the immobilization of Daphnia magna.
- Executive summary:
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the test item on the immobilization of Daphnia magna according to OECD 202. Juvenile daphnids were exposed to different concentrations of the test item (10.0, 17 .8, 31.6, 56.2 and 100.0 mg/L) and a control in an open semi-static system. 20 daphnids, divided into four replicates, each with five animals were used in the test item groups and the control group. The daphnids were observed for immobilization after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. The test item preparation (test item groups) and the vehicle (control group) will be renewed after 24 hours. Concentrations of the test item in the test medium were analyzed via HPLC with UV-detection directly after each preparation (fresh medium) and 24 h after each preparation (old medium).
Nominal and corresponding analytical concentrations are given in the following table:
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L)
Analytical results
Time Weighted Mean 3) [mg/L)
0h
24h
24h
48h
Fresh medium
Old medium
Fresh medium
Old medium
Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L]
[%] 2)
Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L]
[%] 2)
Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L)
[%] 2)
Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L)
[%) 2)
0.0
<LOD
-
<LOD
-
<LOD
-
<LOD
-
-
10.0
3.334
33.3
0.127
1.3
3.152
31.5
0.133
1.3
0.968
17.8
7.548
42.4
0.511
2.9
7.907
44.4
0.573
3.2
2.742
31.6
17.069
54.0
2.572
8.1
17.301
54.8
3.066
9.7
7.943
56.2
36.019
64.1
11.037
19.6
33.820
60.2
11.694
20.8
20.976
100.0
68.882
68.9
35.291
35.3
65.254
65.3
33.396
33.4
48.880
LOD = Limit of detection (0.014 mg/L)
1) Single measurement
2) Rounded to the first decimal place
3) The formula used for calculation is given in the appendix of the study report.
The test item was shown to be not stable in the medium: The recovery rates of the test item in fresh medium were between 31.5 % to 68.9 %. In the old medium the recovery rates were between 1.3 % to 35.3 %. No test item was measured in the control medium. As the test item concentrations could not be maintained >80 % of the measured initial concentrations, the EC values were calculated based on the time weighted mean concentrations.
The number of immobilized daphnids per test item concentration is shown in the following table:
Nominal Test ltem Concentration
[mg/L]
Measured Test ltem Concentration1)
[mg/L]
Number of daphnids immobilized / exposed
% of daphnids immobilized
24 hours
48 hours
24 hours
48 hours
0.0
<LOD
0/20
0/20
0 %
0 %
10.0
0.968
0/20
2/20
0 %
10 %
17.8
2.742
0/20
4/20
0 %
20 %
31.6
7.943
7/20
19/20
35 %
95 %
56.2
20.976
20/20
20/20
100 %
100 %
100.0
48.880
20/20
20/20
100 %
100 %
1) Time weighted mean
Concentration dependent immobilization was observed at nominal concentrations of 10.0 to 100 mg/L. For the test item the following EC values were determined based on the time weighted mean concentrations:
Test Duration
EC50
95 % Confidence lnterval
24h
8.52 mg/L
n.d.
48h
3.42 mg/L
2.53 - 4.60 mg/L
n.d.: not determined by ToxRat Professional due to mathematical reasons
Under the conditions of the present study, the test item showed a 48h EC50 of 3.42 mg/L for the immobilization of Daphnia magna.
Reference
Nominal and corresponding analytical concentrations are given in the following table:
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L) | Analytical results | Time Weighted Mean 3) [mg/L) | |||||||
0h | 24h | 24h | 48h | ||||||
Fresh medium | Old medium | Fresh medium | Old medium | ||||||
Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L] | [%] 2) | Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L] | [%] 2) | Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L) | [%] 2) | Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L) | [%) 2) | ||
0.0 | <LOD | - | <LOD | - | <LOD | - | <LOD | - | - |
10.0 | 3.334 | 33.3 | 0.127 | 1.3 | 3.152 | 31.5 | 0.133 | 1.3 | 0.968 |
17.8 | 7.548 | 42.4 | 0.511 | 2.9 | 7.907 | 44.4 | 0.573 | 3.2 | 2.742 |
31.6 | 17.069 | 54.0 | 2.572 | 8.1 | 17.301 | 54.8 | 3.066 | 9.7 | 7.943 |
56.2 | 36.019 | 64.1 | 11.037 | 19.6 | 33.820 | 60.2 | 11.694 | 20.8 | 20.976 |
100.0 | 68.882 | 68.9 | 35.291 | 35.3 | 65.254 | 65.3 | 33.396 | 33.4 | 48.880 |
LOD = Limit of detection (0.014 mg/L)
1) Single measurement
2) Rounded to the first decimal place
3) The formula used for calculation is given in the appendix of the study report.
The number of immobilized daphnids per test item concentration is shown in the following table:
Nominal Test ltem Concentration [mg/L] | Measured Test ltem Concentration1) [mg/L] | Number of daphnids immobilized / exposed | % of daphnids immobilized | ||
24 hours | 48 hours | 24 hours | 48 hours | ||
0.0 | <LOD | 0/20 | 0/20 | 0 % | 0 % |
10.0 | 0.968 | 0/20 | 2/20 | 0 % | 10 % |
17.8 | 2.742 | 0/20 | 4/20 | 0 % | 20 % |
31.6 | 7.943 | 7/20 | 19/20 | 35 % | 95 % |
56.2 | 20.976 | 20/20 | 20/20 | 100 % | 100 % |
100.0 | 48.880 | 20/20 | 20/20 | 100 % | 100 % |
1) Time weighted mean
Description of key information
The test item showed a 48h EC50 of 3.42 mg/L for the immobilization of Daphnia magna.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 3.42 mg/L
Additional information
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the test item on the immobilization of Daphnia magna according to OECD 202. Juvenile daphnids were exposed to different concentrations of the test item (10.0, 17 .8, 31.6, 56.2 and 100.0 mg/L) and a control in an open semi-static system. 20 daphnids, divided into four replicates, each with five animals were used in the test item groups and the control group. The daphnids were observed for immobilization after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. The test item preparation (test item groups) and the vehicle (control group) will be renewed after 24 hours. Concentrations of the test item in the test medium were analyzed via HPLC with UV-detection directly after each preparation (fresh medium) and 24 h after each preparation (old medium).
Nominal and corresponding analytical concentrations are given in the following table:
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L) | Analytical results | Time Weighted Mean 3) [mg/L) | |||||||
0h | 24h | 24h | 48h | ||||||
Fresh medium | Old medium | Fresh medium | Old medium | ||||||
Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L] | [%] 2) | Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L] | [%] 2) | Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L) | [%] 2) | Meas.1) Conc. [mg/L) | [%) 2) | ||
0.0 | <LOD | - | <LOD | - | <LOD | - | <LOD | - | - |
10.0 | 3.334 | 33.3 | 0.127 | 1.3 | 3.152 | 31.5 | 0.133 | 1.3 | 0.968 |
17.8 | 7.548 | 42.4 | 0.511 | 2.9 | 7.907 | 44.4 | 0.573 | 3.2 | 2.742 |
31.6 | 17.069 | 54.0 | 2.572 | 8.1 | 17.301 | 54.8 | 3.066 | 9.7 | 7.943 |
56.2 | 36.019 | 64.1 | 11.037 | 19.6 | 33.820 | 60.2 | 11.694 | 20.8 | 20.976 |
100.0 | 68.882 | 68.9 | 35.291 | 35.3 | 65.254 | 65.3 | 33.396 | 33.4 | 48.880 |
LOD = Limit of detection (0.014 mg/L)
1) Single measurement
2) Rounded to the first decimal place
3) The formula used for calculation is given in the appendix of the study report.
The test item was shown to be not stable in the medium: The recovery rates of the test item in fresh medium were between 31.5 % to 68.9 %. In the old medium the recovery rates were between 1.3 % to 35.3 %. No test item was measured in the control medium. As the test item concentrations could not be maintained >80 % of the measured initial concentrations, the EC values were calculated based on the time weighted mean concentrations.
The number of immobilized daphnids per test item concentration is shown in the following table:
Nominal Test ltem Concentration [mg/L] | Measured Test ltem Concentration1) [mg/L] | Number of daphnids immobilized / exposed | % of daphnids immobilized | ||
24 hours | 48 hours | 24 hours | 48 hours | ||
0.0 | <LOD | 0/20 | 0/20 | 0 % | 0 % |
10.0 | 0.968 | 0/20 | 2/20 | 0 % | 10 % |
17.8 | 2.742 | 0/20 | 4/20 | 0 % | 20 % |
31.6 | 7.943 | 7/20 | 19/20 | 35 % | 95 % |
56.2 | 20.976 | 20/20 | 20/20 | 100 % | 100 % |
100.0 | 48.880 | 20/20 | 20/20 | 100 % | 100 % |
1) Time weighted mean
Concentration dependent immobilization was observed at nominal concentrations of 10.0 to 100 mg/L. For the test item the following EC values were determined based on the time weighted mean concentrations:
Test Duration | EC50 | 95 % Confidence lnterval |
24h | 8.52 mg/L | n.d. |
48h | 3.42 mg/L | 2.53 - 4.60 mg/L |
n.d.: not determined by ToxRat Professional due to mathematical reasons
Under the conditions of the present study, the test item showed a 48h EC50 of 3.42 mg/L for the immobilization of Daphnia magna.
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