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EC number: 212-833-9 | CAS number: 872-93-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 Nov 2017 - 10 Nov 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Version / remarks:
- Version 2010
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The batch of 3-Methyl Sulfolane tested was a clear colourless to pale yellow liquid. No correction was made for the purity or composition of the test item. A stock solution of 10 g/L was prepared by adding 2.4998 g test item to 250 mL of Milli-RO water (tap water purified by reverse osmosis; Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA). Magnetic stirring for 15 minutes was applied to accelerate dissolution and to ensure homogeneity. Volumes of the clear and colourless stock solution (pH 5.8) corresponding to the test concentration were then added to the test media (16 mL synthetic medium and made up to 250 mL with Milli-RO). Thereafter, 250 mL of activated sludge was added resulting in the required concentrations. Optimal contact between the test item and test organisms was ensured by applying continuous aeration and stirring. Any residual volumes were discarded.
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected: Municipal sewage treatment plant: 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's- Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The sludge was coarsely sieved (1 mm) and allowed to settle. The supernatant was removed and ISO-medium was added. The pH was 7.6 on the day of testing.
- Pretreatment: The batch of sludge was used one day after collection. Therefore, 50 mL of synthetic medium was added per litre of activated sludge at the end of the collection day. The sludge was kept aerated at test temperature until use.
- Initial biomass concentration: A small amount of the sludge was weighed and dried overnight at ca. 105°C to determine the amount of suspended solids, i.e. 3.0 g/L of sludge. The amount of suspended solids in the final test mixture was 1.5 g/L. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- other: Tap water purified by reverse osmosis (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA).
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Optimal contact between the test item and test medium was ensured by applying continuous aeration and stirring during the 3-hour exposure period.
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 22°C
- pH:
- T 0hr control: 7.3
T 3hr control: 7.0 - 7.6
T 0hr test item: 7.4
T 3hr test item: 7.2 - 7.5
T 0hr 3,5 DCP: 7.3 - 7.4
T 3hr 3,5 DCP: 7.9 - 8.0 - Dissolved oxygen:
- >60-70% of air saturation at test start (60% of air saturation is > 5 mg/L at 20°C)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: all glass open bottles/vessels
- Total fill volume: 500 mL (250 mL test solution (incl. synthetic medium) + 250 mL activated sludge in test medium)
- Aeration: yes (aeration was adjusted in such a way that the dissolved oxygen concentration at the start was above 60-70% saturation (60% of air saturation is > 5 mg/L at 20°C) and to maintain the sludge flocs in suspension)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1 replicate for the lower concentrations and 3 for the highest concentration
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per positive control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per abiotic control (replicates): 1
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): 1.5 g/L sludge
- Nutrients provided for bacteria: synthetic medium acc. to OECD 209
- Nitrification inhibitor used : no
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Adjusted ISO-medium, formulated using RO-water (tap water purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel- Enschot, The Netherlands) with the following composition:
CaCl2.2H2O 211.5 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 88.8 mg/L
NaHCO3 46.7 mg/L
KCl 4.2 mg/L
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Details on termination of incubation: After the 3-hour contact time, the oxygen consumption was recorded for a period of approximately 10 minutes. During measurement, the sample was not aerated but continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer.
- Synthetic medium:
16 g peptone (=sewage feed)
11 g meat extract
3 g urea
0.7 g NaCl
0.4 g CaCl2.2H2O
0.2 g MgSO4.7H2O
2.8 g K2HPO4
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : oxygen uptake
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: loading rates of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes; The combined limit/range-finding test showed no inhibition at 10 and 100 mg/L, and an average of 3% inhibition of the respiration rate at 1000 mg/L. Therefore, the EC50 was above the highest concentration tested (1000 mg/L). - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- Inhibition of the Respiration Rate:
The combined limit/range-finding test showed no inhibition at 10 and 100 mg/L, and an average of 3% inhibition of the respiration rate at 1000 mg/L. Therefore, the EC50 was above the highest concentration tested (1000 mg/L). No statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at a concentration of 1000 mg 3-Methyl Sulfolane per litre. Therefore the NOEC was considered to be the highest concentration tested. There was no significant oxygen uptake from abiotic processes.
Acceptability of the Test:
1. The mean blank control oxygen uptake rate exceeded 20 mg oxygen per one gram of activated sludge (dry weight of suspended solids) in an hour (23 mg oxygen per one gram of activated sludge). The coefficient of variation of oxygen uptake in blank control replicates did not exceed
30% at the end of the definitive test (6%).
2. The EC50 of 3,5-dichlorophenol was in the accepted range of 2 to 25 mg/L for total respiration (4.9 mg/L). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50 of 3,5-dichlorophenol was in the accepted range of 2 to 25 mg/L for total respiration (4.9 mg/L)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50:
For the reference item, calculation of the EC50 value was based on a 3-parameter logistic cumulative distribution function (CDF) using non-linear regression analysis, with the percentages of respiration inhibition versus the logarithms of the corresponding concentrations of the reference item. For 3-Methyl Sulfolane, no EC50-value could be calculated because the test item proved to be non-toxic (EC50 > 1000 mg/L)
NOEC determination:
An effect was considered to be significant if statistical analysis of the data obtained for the test concentrations compared with those obtained in the blank control revealed significant inhibition of the respiration rate (Two-sample t-test Procedure, α=0.05, α=0.05, one-sided, smaller).
Calculations were performed with ToxRat Professional v. 3.2.1. (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see details on results
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test 3-Methyl Sulfolane was not toxic to waste water bacteria (activated sludge) at 1000 mg/L (NOEC). The EC50 was thus above 1000 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the effect of 3-Methyl Sulfolane on the respiration of activated sewage sludge according to OECD 209 and GLP guidelines. In a combined limit/range finding test, micro-organisms in activated sludge (in test medium) were exposed to test concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L (3 replicates of the 1000 mg/L test concentration) for 3 hours. Optimal contact between the test item and test medium was ensured by applying continuous stirring and aeration during that period. In parallel, an untreated control (6 replicates), reference substance (3,5 -dichlorophenol, 4 replicates) and abiotic control (1 replicate) were tested. After the 3-hour contact time, oxygen consumption was recorded for a period of approximately 10 minutes (no aeration but continuous stirring).The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the study plan and was considered valid. There was no oxygen uptake from abiotic processes and the reference item 3,5- dichlorophenol showed normal sensitivity. Under the conditions of this present test 3-Methyl Sulfolane was not toxic to waste water (activated sludge) bacteria at a concentration of 1000 mg/L (NOEC).The EC50 was determined to be above 1000 mg/L.
Reference
Results - Respiration Rate/Inhibition
Replicate |
Concentration (mg/L) |
Respiration rate |
% Inhibition respiration rate (mean value) |
|
(mg O2/L.h) |
(mg O2/g.h)¹ |
|||
C 1 |
0 |
37.94 |
25.29 |
|
C 2 |
0 |
33.44 |
22.29 |
|
C 3 |
0 |
34.99 |
23.33 |
|
C 4 |
0 |
35.11 |
23.41 |
|
C 5 |
0 |
32.28 |
21.52 |
|
C 6 |
0 |
35.61 |
23.74 |
|
C Mean |
|
34.90 |
23.26 (RC) |
|
SD |
|
1.94 |
1.29 |
|
CV (%) |
|
6 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
R 1 |
1.0 |
31.04 |
20.69 |
11.05 |
R 2 |
3.2 |
20.18 |
13.45 |
42.17 |
R 3 |
10 |
11.75 |
7.83 |
66.33 |
R 4 |
32 |
3.99 |
2.66 |
88.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
T 1 |
10 |
39.13 |
26.09 |
-12.14 |
T 2 |
100 |
45.01 |
30.01 |
-28.99 |
T 3a |
1000 |
31.31 |
20.87 |
10.27 |
T 3b |
1000 |
32.76 |
21.84 |
6.12 |
T 3c |
1000 |
37.88 |
25.25 |
-8.55 |
T3 Mean |
33.98 |
22.66 (RT) |
2.61 (IT) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
TA |
1000 |
0.94 |
0.63 |
97.31 |
C: Control
R: Reference
item, 3,5-dichlorophenol
T: Test item, 3-Methyl Sulfolane
TA: Abiotic control of 3-Methyl Sulfolane
SD: Standard deviation
¹ The amount of suspended solids in the final test mixture was 1.5 g/L.
RC: Total respiration in the control
RT: Total respiration with 3-Methyl Sulfolane
IT: % inhibition of total respiration relative to RC
CV: Coefficient of variation
Description of key information
A study was performed to assess the effect of 3-Methyl Sulfolane on the respiration of activated sewage sludge according to OECD 209 and GLP guidelines. In a combined limit/range finding test, micro-organisms in activated sludge (in test medium) were exposed to test concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L (3 replicates of the 1000 mg/L test concentration) for 3 hours. Optimal contact between the test item and test medium was ensured by applying continuous stirring and aeration during that period. In parallel, an untreated control (6 replicates), reference substance (3,5 -dichlorophenol, 4 replicates) and abiotic control (1 replicate) were tested. After the 3-hour contact time, oxygen consumption was recorded for a period of approximately 10 minutes (no aeration but continuous stirring).The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the study plan and was considered valid. There was no oxygen uptake from abiotic processes and the reference item 3,5- dichlorophenol showed normal sensitivity. Under the conditions of this present test 3-Methyl Sulfolane was not toxic to waste water (activated sludge) bacteria at a concentration of 1000 mg/L (NOEC).The EC50 was determined to be above 1000 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
Additional information
Since no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (1000 mg/L), the EC50 is thus > 1000 mg/L.
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