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EC number: 201-210-7 | CAS number: 79-50-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 26/03/1999 - 25/11/1999
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study according to guideline under GLP, validity criteria met.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- EC Number:
- 201-210-7
- EC Name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- Cas Number:
- 79-50-5
- Molecular formula:
- C6H10O3
- IUPAC Name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): DL- Lactone
- Physical state: White cristalline mass
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in the dark
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not relevant
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: During the limit test samples were taken from 100 mg/l and the blank-control for analysis.
- Sampling method: at t= 0 h from freshly prepared and at t= 24 h from thefreshly prepared solutions and the 24h-old solutions. 10 ml from the
approximate centre of the test vessel.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not applicable, samples were analysed on the day of sampling.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- DL-LACTONE was completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested.
Preparation of test solutions started with stock solutions at 100 mgll. No special treatment other than careful mixing was necessary to dissolve the
test substance in the test medium. The lower test concentrations for the range-finding test were prepared by subsequent dilutions of one of
the stocks in test medium. The test solutions were renewed after 24 hours of exposure. All final test solutions were clear and colourless.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: Straus, 1820
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 h
- Method of breeding: With new-born animals, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 10 litres of M7-medium in an all-glass
culture vessel.
- Feeding during test: no feeding
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 250 mg CaC03/l
- Test temperature:
- 20.3 - 20.7 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 9.1 - 9.2 (fresh solution)
7.8 - 7.9 (old solution) - Salinity:
- Not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0 and 100 mg/l
Measured (0 h): n.d and 140 mg/l
Measured (24 h old): n.d and 123 mg/l
Measured (24 h fresh): n.d and 138 mg/l - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, 100 ml
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 80 ml
- Aeration: No aeration of the test solutions
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
ISO-medium: the following chemicals (analytical grade) are dissolved in freshly prepared ultra-pure water (tap water
purified by reverse osmosis (milli-RO) and subsequently passed over activated carbon and ion-exchange cartridges:
Milli-Q water; (mg/l): CaCL2.2H20: 293.8, MgS04.7H20: 123.3, NaHC03: 64.8, KCL: 5.8
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 24 h
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH:
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobilization
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- K2Cr2O7 (Potassium dichromate)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 130 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: none
The analytical program provided clear evidence that the actual concentrations during the 24-hour period between refreshment had been maintained at more than 80 % of the initial concentration. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The actual responses in this reference test with K2Cr2O7 are within the ranges of the expected responses at the different concentrations. Hence, the sensitivity of this batch of D. magna was in agreement with the historical data collected at NOTOX.
The 24h-EC50 was estimated to be 1.2 mg/l (regression line: log1O(conc.)=2.76+(probit-2.58)/7.69).
The 48h-EC50 was 0.60 mgll with 95% fiducial limits of 0.52 - 0.76 mg/l. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50-value was calculated at 48 hours of exposure from the probits of the percentages of affected daphnia and the logarithms of the
corresponding test substance concentrations using the maximum likelihood estimation method (Finney, D.J 1971: Probit analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 3rd edition).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Not relevant
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present test DL-LACTONE induced no acute immobilisation of
Daphnia magna at or below 100 mg/l, corresponding with an average measured concentration
of 130 mg/l (NOEC). Hence, the 48h-ECS0 was above 130 mg/l, the maximum concentration
tested. - Executive summary:
Acute Toxicity Study in Daphnia magna with DL-LACTONE.
The study procedures described in this report were based on the IS0 International Standard 6341 : "Water quality - Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna Straus -Acute toxicity test, Third edition, 1996-04-01.
DL-LACTONE was completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested. The complete project was performed under semi-static test conditions with renewal of test solutions after 24 hours of exposure as DL-LACTONE proved to be unstable in water at pH values of 7 and 9 in the hydrolysis test performed at NOTOX (Project 257568).
A range-finding test was followed by a limit test exposing Daphnia for a maximum of 48 hours to a concentration of 100 mg/l and a blank-control. The test was performed in duplicate with 10 daphnia per vessel. Samples for analysis of actual exposure concentrations were taken from the freshly prepared solutions at the start and the 24-hour old and freshly prepared solutions after 24 hours of exposure. Analysis of the samples taken during the limit test showed that the measured concentration remained within a 20% window during the 24-hour period between refreshment. The average measured concentration corresponded with approximately 130 mg/l.
DL-LACTONE induced no acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna at or below 100 mg/l, corresponding with an average measured concentration of 130 mg/l (NOEC).
Hence, the 48h-EC50 was above 130 mg/l, the maximum concentration tested.
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