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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 200-755-8 | CAS number: 71-48-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 1.06 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 2
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 2.36 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 3
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 0.37 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 53.8 mg/kg sediment dw
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 69.8 mg/kg sediment dw
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 10.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Assessment factor:
- 2
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
Conclusion on classification
For classification purposes, Ecotoxicity Reference Values (ERVs) should be derived using the “lowest value” approach. For metals ERVs are derived using data from one or more soluble metal substances, and in most cases, test data are reported on a “dissolved” metal concentration basis. In the assessment for Co, the aquatic toxicity classifications of Co metal and Co compounds are derived by comparing the quantity of dissolved Co liberated during an OECD Transformation/Dissolution test (OECD 29) with the ERVs derived from laboratory toxicity tests developed with a soluble cobalt compound (e.g. cobalt dichloride). In the case of Co, single acute and chronic ERVs are available without consideration of factors that might affect Co bioavailability or toxicity (i.e. pH, DOC, hardness).
The acute ERV is based on available ecotoxicity data for an plant species, Lemna minor, while the chronic ERV is based on available ecotoxicity data for the epibenthic invertebrate, Hyalella azteca. The reported Co ERVs are as follows:
Acute: Lemna minor 52.0μg/L
Chronic: Hyalella azteca 7.6μg/L
As outlined in the CLP guidance (ECHA 2017), substance-specific ERVs can be developed using the following equation:
ERVsubstance = ERVCo × MWsubstance / (n × MWCo)
where n is the stoichiometric number of Co atoms in the substance molecule.
A full description of ERV derivation is provided as attachment to endpoint summary of IUCLID section 6.
The EU CLP guidance document (ECHA 2017) permits consideration of the “environmental transformation” of metals in the environment, including removal from the water column and deposition and sequestration in sediments, much the same way as the concept of “rapid degradation” is considered for organic chemicals. To indicate “rapid removal” for a metal, it is assumed that one must demonstrate greater than 70% removal of soluble metal within 28 days of addition to the water column, as is the case with organic compounds. Furthermore, one must demonstrate that the potential for metal remobilisation from sediments is limited, for example by changes in metal speciation, remineralisation and permanent burial in the sediment. If these conditions are met, the metal is considered “rapidly removable” and poses lower chronic environmental risk. Results of modelling using the Unit World Model (UWM) and initial empirical testing via the extended transformation/dissolution protocol (e-TDp) indicate that the cobalt ion satisfies the requirements for “rapid” metals removal, i.e. > 70% removal from the water column in 28 days, and the limited sediment remobilisation potential under most environmental conditions.
Water solubility is 82.4 g Co/L at 20C
Expected to be readily soluble under TDp as well
Molecular weight is 177.03 g/mol
Substance-specific ERVs are:
Acute ERV: 156.2 μg/L– <1mg/L so Acute 1
Chronic ERV: 22.8 μg/L– between 10 and 100μg/L so Chronic 1 (M=1) or Chronic 2 depending on rapid removal
Proposed self-classification:
Acute 1 (M = 1) and Chronic 2
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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