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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 221-254-0 | CAS number: 3047-32-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 35 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 882 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from the rat oral 90 -day toxicity study. This starting point is corrected for the relative extent of oral absorption (default assumption, 50%) and inhalation absorption (100%) and for activity and breathing rate (x1/0.38 x 6.7/10) to give a corrected inhalation starting point (NOAEC) of 882 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- A default value of 2 is proposed for extrapolation from a sub-chronic study to chronic exposure.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required: already accounted for in correction of the starting point
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 10 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from the rat oral 90 -day study. In the absence of dermal absorption data, dermal absorption is assumed to be equivalent to oral absorption. The corrected dermal starting point is therefore 1000 mg/kg bw/d.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default factor for extrapolating from a sub-chronic study to chronic exposure.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default factor (starting point is a rat study)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Worker DNEL derivation
Inhalation DNELs
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from the rat oral 90 -day toxicity study. This starting point is corrected for the relative extent of oral absorption (default assumption, 50%) and inhalation absorption (100%) and for activity and breathing rate (x1/0.38 x 6.7/10) to give a corrected inhalation starting point (NOAEC) of 882 mg/m3. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (exposure duration), 1 (allometric scaling), 2.5 (other interspecies differences), 5 (intraspecies differences), 1 (database quality) and 1 (remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 25. Applying the overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point results in a long-term systemic DNEL of 35 mg/m3.
The substance is of low systemic toxicity. No acute toxicity hazard resulting in classification has been identified, therefore a DNEL for acute systemic effects is not proposed.
No data are available for respiratory irritation; no hazard is identified therefore local inhalation DNELs are not proposed.
Dermal DNELs
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from the rat oral 90 -day toxicity study. In the absence of dermal absorption data, dermal absorption is assumed to be equivalent to oral absorption. The corrected dermal starting point is therefore 1000 mg/kg bw/d. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for exposure duration), 4 (allometric scaling), 2.5 (other interspecies differences), 5 (intraspecies differences), 1 (database quality) and 1 (remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 100. Applying the overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point results in a DNEL of 10 mg/kg bw/d.
The substance is of low systemic toxicity. No acute toxicity hazard resulting in classification has been identified, therefore a DNEL for acute systemic effects is not proposed.
The substance is not a skin irritant or skin sensitiser; therefore local dermal DNELs are not derived.
An eye irritation study indicates that the substance is an eye irritant (CLP Cat 2). Low hazard is assigned according to ECHA CSA Guidance Part E Table E3-1.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 9 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 435 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from the rat oral 90 -day toxicity study. This starting point is corrected for the relative extent of oral absorption (default assumption, 50%) and inhalation absorption (100%) and for breathing rate (x1/1.15) to give a corrected inhalation starting point (NOAEC) of 435 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default factor for extrapolating from a subchronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required: already taken into account in correction of the starting point
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from the rat oral 90 -day toxicity study. In the absence of dermal absorption data, dermal absorption is assumed to be equivalent to oral absorption. The corrected dermal starting point is therefore 1000 mg/kg bw/d.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default factor for extrapolating from subchronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default factor (starting point is a rat study)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor: no significant remaining uncertainty
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: modification not required
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from a 90 -day rat oral toxicity study. Modification of the starting point is not required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default factor for extrapolating from subchronic study to chronic exposures
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default factor (starting point is from a rat study)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
General population DNELs
Inhalation DNELs
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from the rat oral 90 -day toxicity study. This starting point is corrected for the relative extent of oral absorption (default assumption, 50%) and inhalation absorption (100%) and for breathing rate (x1/1.15) to give a corrected inhalation starting point (NOAEC) of 435 mg/m3. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (exposure duration), 1 (allometric scaling), 2.5 (other interspecies differences), 10 (intraspecies differences), 1 (database quality) and 1 (remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 50. Applying the overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point results in a long-term systemic DNEL of 9 mg/m3.
The substance is of low systemic toxicity. No acute toxicity hazard resulting in classification has been identified, therefore a DNEL for acute systemic effects is not proposed.
No data are available for respiratory irritation; no hazard is identified therefore local inhalation DNELs are not proposed.
Dermal DNELs
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from the rat oral 90 -day toxicity study. In the absence of dermal absorption data, dermal absorption is assumed to be equivalent to oral absorption. The corrected dermal starting point is therefore 1000 mg/kg bw/d. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for exposure duration), 4 (allometric scaling), 2.5 (other interspecies differences), 10 (intraspecies differences), 1 (database quality) and 1 (remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 200. Applying the overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point results in a DNEL of 5 mg/kg bw/d.
The substance is of low systemic toxicity. No acute toxicity hazard resulting in classification has been identified, therefore a DNEL for acute systemic effects is not proposed.
The substance is not a skin irritant or skin sensitiser; therefore local dermal DNELs are not derived.
Oral DNELs
The starting point is the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from a 90 -day rat oral toxicity study. Modification of the starting point is not required. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for exposure duration), 4 (allometric scaling), 2.5 (other interspecies differences), 10 (intraspecies differences), 1 (database quality) and 1 (remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 200. Applying the overall assessment factor to the starting point results in a DNEL of 5 mg/kg bw/d.
The substance is of low systemic toxicity. No acute toxicity hazard resulting in classification has been identified, therefore a DNEL for acute systemic effects is not proposed.
An eye irritation study indicates that the substance is an eye irritant (CLP Cat 2). Low hazard is assigned according to ECHA CSA Guidance Part E Table E3-1.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.