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EC number: 204-017-6 | CAS number: 112-92-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1992-01-24 to 1992-04-24
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The study was conducted according to a national standard method, and in compliance with GLP. The test loading rates were much higher than the limit of solubility and no analytical monitoring was carried out.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: German Industry Standard: DIN 38412, Part 9
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no analytical monitoring, no range finding test, no reporting of water quality parameters.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: unfiltered test solutions achieved nominal concentrations by direct addition of the test material into the test vessels. The filtered solutions were made from serial dilutions of a 1 g/L filtered stock solution. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: SAG 8681
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Institute for plant physiology, University Gottingen
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: not reported
ACCLIMATION - not reported - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- range: 22-23.5 degC
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal Loading Rate: 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/L (Unfiltered)
Nominal Loading Rate: 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0 mg/L (Filtrate) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 300 ml with 100 ml fill volume
- Initial cells density: 1*10^4 cells/ml
- Control end cells density: 2.7*10^6
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: the medium was defined as Algae 10.10 / TFB Central laboratory soil nutrients.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: not reported
- Culture medium different from test medium: not reported
- Intervals of water quality measurement: not reported
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not reported
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 2000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of cell concentrations: cell numbers were determined at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h via the Thoms-Kammer method
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- < 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: due to variability in cell density, the EL0 could not be reliably determined.
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 250 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- < 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: due to variability in cell density, the EL0 could not be reliably determined.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: filtered test solution with test material
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: filtered test solution with test material
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.64 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: filtered test solution
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- <= 0.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: filtered test solution with test material
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: filtered test solution with test material
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: filtered test solution with test material
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: the test was conducted at loading rates that were all much higher than the limit of solubility of the test substance (ca. 0.0011 mg/L). - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The analysis of the data was carried out in accordance with DIN regulation with a computer program by Mr. Holtmann, TFA / mathematical methods, Henkel KGaA.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- the validity criteria for cell growth in the control was achieved, but there is no data on pH.
- Conclusions:
- The 96 h EL values could not be accurately determined due to large variations in cell concentrations. The EC50 values determined are reliant on confounding factors due to the concentrations used (very much higher than the limit of solubility) and therefore should be treated with caution. The water solubility of octadecan-1-ol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25oC [SIDS dossier on 1-octadecanol, 1993b; Budavari, 1996]. The results indicate that no toxic effects were present at the limit of solubility of the test substance, i.e. EL50 and NOEC >0.0011 mg/L (>LoS).
Reference
Table 1. Summary of findings (average of 3 replicates).
Nominal Loading Rates (mg/L) | Cell concentrations (cells/ml) | ||||
filtered | unfiltered | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h |
0 | - | 8.3*10^4 | 5.1*10^5 | 1.2*10^6 | 2.7*10^6 |
10 | - | 1.2*10^5 | 5.2*10^5 | 1.1*10^6 | 2.1*10^6 |
30 | - | 8.3*10^4 | 5.6*10^5 | 1.1*1 0^6 | 2.2*10^6 |
100 | - | 7.3*10^4 | 5.1*10^5 | 9.3*10^5 | 1.9*10^6 |
300 | - | 2.3*10^4 | 6.7*10^4 | 6.2*10^5 | 1.1*10^6 |
- | 0 | 6.0*10^4 | 3.5*10^5 | 1.4*10^6 | 2.6*10^6 |
- | 0.1 | 5.3*10^4 | 3.3*10^5 | 1.2*10^6 | 2.4*10^6 |
- | 0.3 | 7.7*10^4 | 3.1*10^5 | 1.4*10^6 | 2.7*10^6 |
- | 1.0 | 5.0*10^4 | 3.3*10^5 | 1.2*10^6 | 2.4*10^6 |
- | 3.0 | 8.0*10^4 | 3.8*10^5 | 1.4*10^6 | 2.4*10^6 |
- | 10 | 7.3*10^4 | 3.8*10^5 | 1.5*1 0^6 | 2.2*10^6 |
EL values are said not be accurately identified in many cases since there was large variation in the cell concentrations measured (this is not clear from the table of results reported, identical to Table 1 here). All of the concentrations tested in the unfiltered and filtered solutions were above the limit of solubility. Any effect seen at these concentrations should be taken with caution as they may represent effects deriving from physical fouling rather than true toxicity of the test substance. The inconsistent EC values and cell concentrations may well be explained by the fact that the concentrations tested are much higher than the limit of solubility.
Description of key information
Toxicity to aquatic algae: 96 h EL50 and NOEC >0.0011 mg/L (>LoS) for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of Scenedesmus subspicatus (new name: Desmodesmus subspicatus) in accordance with guidance German Industry Standard: DIN 38412, Part 9.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A 96 h toxicity to algae test has been carried out with octadecan-1-ol (Henkel, 1992). The 96 h effect level values could not be accurately determined due to large variations in cell concentrations. The EL50 values determined are reliant on confounding factors due to the concentrations used (much higher than the limit of solubility) and therefore should be treated with caution.
The water solubility of octadecan-1-ol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25˚C [SIDS dossier on 1-octadecanol, 1993b; Budavari, 1996]. The results indicate that no toxic effects were observed at the limit of solubility of the test substance, i.e. EL50 and EL10 >0.0011 mg/L (>LoS).
Discussion of trends in the Category of C6-24 linear and essentially-linear aliphatic alcohols:
The data for single carbon chain length LCAAs show toxicity to increase from an ErC50 of 80 mg/L for C6 to 0.33 mg/L for C12. The C14 and C16 LCAAs were not toxic to algae, indicating a toxicity cut-off at C14 and above. Two of the studies determined NOECs that are suitable for assessing long-term toxicity. A NOEC of 11 mg/L has been reported for hexan-1-ol based on measured exposure concentrations. A test with dodecanol resulted in a 72-h EC0 (equivalent to a NOEC) value of 0.085 mg/L.
Other algal studies used a WAF methodology and/or used test concentrations greater than the limit of water solubility and/or did not report a NOEC or equivalent statistic.
The data for mixed carbon chain length LCAAs (commercial products) shows that substances containing LCAAs with carbon numbers in the ranges of C7-9 to C12-15 exerted toxicity at concentrations of between 3.1 and 0.043-0.092 mg/L. At these concentrations all the constituents are likely to have been fully dissolved. For the C12-18 and C14-15 multi-constituent substances there was evidence of toxic effects in tests conducted on water-accommodated fractions prepared at loading rates that will have exceeded the solubility of some constituents.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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