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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Administrative data

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Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
(Q)SAR
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
Justification for type of information:
QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: QSAR model
Principles of method if other than guideline:
ECOSAR Program(v1.00)
GLP compliance:
no
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
no
Test organisms (species):
other: Green Algae
Details on test organisms:
QSAR model-Green Algae
Test type:
other: QSAR model
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Test temperature:
not applicable. QSAR model
pH:
not applicable. QSAR model
Dissolved oxygen:
not applicable. QSAR model
Salinity:
not applicable. QSAR model
Nominal and measured concentrations:
not applicable. QSAR model
Details on test conditions:
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCC
CHEM : Stoddard solvent
CAS Num: 8052-41-3
MOL FOR: C10 H22
MOL WT : 142.29
Log Kow: 5.252 (EPISuite Kowwin v1.68 Estimate)
Log Kow: 5.01 (PhysProp DB exp value - for comparison only)
Melt Pt: -29.70 (deg C, PhysProp DB exp value for Wat Sol est)
Wat Sol: 1.409 (mg/L, EPISuite WSKowwin v1.43 Estimate)
Wat Sol: 0.052 (mg/L, PhysProp DB exp value)
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
0.277 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: (Q)SAR prediction
Remarks on result:
other: Chemical may not be soluble enough to measure this predicted effect
Duration:
30 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.142 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: (Q)SAR prediction
Remarks on result:
other: Chemical may not be soluble enough to measure this predicted effect
Details on results:
A 96 h LC50 value of 0.277 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Algae group..This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic. A NOEC value of 0.142 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Algae group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic.
This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings.
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 =  76.828mg/L (ppm)

Overview of QSARs estimations onaquatic toxicity of  Stoddard solvent to Green algae

 

Method

 

Results

Remarks

Reference

QSAR

estimate

Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 =0.277 mg/L (ppm)

Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 0.142 mg/L (ppm)

 

Reliable with restrictions,

QSAR estimated data

ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

  

Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 =0.277 mg/L (ppm)

Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 0.142 mg/L (ppm

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Remarks:
method for chemicals properties assessment.
Conclusions:
A 96 h LC50 value of 0.277 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Algae group..This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic. A NOEC value of 0.142 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Algae group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic.
This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings.
Executive summary:

A 96 h LC50 value of 0.277 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Algae group..This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic. A NOEC value of 0.142 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Algae group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS. The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
data from handbook or collection of data
Justification for type of information:
Published data in readily available literature considered to be a reliable data source.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
GLP compliance:
not specified
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
Concentrations: 10, 5.5, 2.5,1.2, 0.58, 0.26 mg/L loading rates.
Individual WAFs (Water accommodated fractions ) were prepared for each loading level.
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method:Concentration (method): The test material and dilution water/culture medium were stirred vigorously in sealed vessels for approximately 24 hours. Following mixing, the contents of the vessel were allowed to stand for approximately 1 hour. The aqueous phase was then drawn off and used as the test medium.
- Differential loading: 10, 5.5, 2.5,1.2, 0.58, 0.26 mg/L loading rates
- Controls: 7 flasks received culture medium only and served as controls
Test organisms (species):
Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM- Common name:Raphidocelis subcapitata- Strain: derived from a strain ATCC 22662- Source (laboratory, culture collection): taken from a semi-axenic laboratory culture, American type culture collection, Maryland, Ohio, USA.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Post exposure observation period:
Not reported
Hardness:
not measured
Test temperature:
22-24 degrees C
pH:
7.2-10.2
Dissolved oxygen:
Not reported
Salinity:
Not applicable
Nominal and measured concentrations:
10, 5.5, 2.5,1.2, 0.58, 0.26 mg/L loading rates
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EL50
Effect conc.:
2.5 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
0.58 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EL50
Effect conc.:
5.5 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Reproduction
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
1.2 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Reproduction
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOELR
Effect conc.:
0.76 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOELR
Effect conc.:
0.76 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.16 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.16 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Details on results:
The study resulted in a 96-hour EL50 value of 2.5 mg/L (nominal), based on biomass, which was the most sensitive endpoint. Based on measured concentrations, the EC50 value was 0.58 mg/L for biomass.
The stoddard solvent (CAS RN 8052-41-3) alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 96-hour NOELR (no observed effect loading rate) for biomass and growth rate is 0.76 mg/L, while the 96-hour NOEC (no observed effect concentration) for biomass and growth rate is 0.16 mg/L.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The study resulted in a 96-hour EL50 value of 2.5 mg/L (nominal), based on biomass, which was the most sensitive endpoint. Based on measured concentrations, the EC50 value was 0.58 mg/L for biomass.
The stoddard solvent (CAS RN 8052-41-3) alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 96-hour NOELR (no observed effect loading rate) for biomass and growth rate is 0.76 mg/L, while the 96-hour NOEC (no observed effect concentration) for biomass and growth rate is 0.16 mg/L.
Executive summary:

(Stoddard Solvent) was introduced to the freshwater green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, at five nominal loading levels ranging from 0.26 to 10 mg/L. Individual WAFs were prepared for each loading level, and the study was conducted following OECD TG 201. The study resulted in a 96-hour EL50 value of 2.5 mg/L (nominal), based on biomass, which was the most sensitive endpoint. Based on measured concentrations, the EC50 value was 0.58 mg/L for biomass.

Chronic toxicity results are available for a freshwater green alga .The stoddard solvent (CAS RN 8052-41-3) alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 96-hour NOELR (no observed effect loading rate) for biomass and growth rate is 0.76 mg/L, while the 96-hour NOEC (no observed effect concentration) for biomass and growth rate is 0.16 mg/L . The study was conducted following methods described in OECD TG 201. Test solutions were prepared as individual WAFs, and results were reported as nominal loading levels.

Description of key information

A 96 h LC50 value of 0.277 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Algae group..A NOEC value of 0.142 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Algae group.

 

The study resulted in a 96-hour EL50 value of 2.5 mg/L (nominal), based on biomass, which was the most sensitive endpoint. Based on measured concentrations, the EC50 value was 0.58 mg/L for biomass. The stoddard solvent (CAS RN 8052-41-3) alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 96-hour NOELR (no observed effect loading rate) for biomass and growth rate is 0.76 mg/L, while the 96-hour NOEC (no observed effect concentration) for biomass and growth rate is 0.16 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:
0.277 mg/L
EC50 for marine water algae:
0.028 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
0.142 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
0.014 mg/L

Additional information