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EC number: 209-143-5 | CAS number: 556-88-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM Designation E 729-80 (ASTM, 1980)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Test substance supplier U.S Naval Ordnance Station
Lot No 985-1
Essay 99.998% - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2 698 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- nitroguanidine
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% fiducial limits = 2276 - 3298 mg/l
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results of this study, Nitroguanidine appears to present little hazard to Ceriodaphnia dubia.
- Executive summary:
The 48h acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to Ceriodaphnia dubia was studied under static renewal conditions. Daphnids were exposed to nitroguanidine at mean measured concentrations of 0, 500, 920, 730, 1440, 2540, and 4020 mg/L.
The LC50(48h) for nitroguanidine was 2698 mg/L (mean measured concentration).
Based on the results of this study, nitroguanidine appears to present little hazard to Ceriodaphnia dubia.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Am. Soc. Test. Mat. 1980. Standard practice for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians. E 729-80.
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Test substance supplier: Aldrich Chemicla Co
Water content: 25% - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2 838 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: nitroguanidine solution
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 24.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- photolyzed nitroguanidine
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: photolyzed nitroguanidine solution
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Nitroguanidine appears to present little hazard to Daphnia magna.
Photolysis increased the acute toxicity by a factor from over 115, and aging of photolyzed nitroguanidine for 72 hours had little effect on its toxicity. - Executive summary:
The 48 h acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to Daphnia magna was studied under static conditions. Daphnids were exposed to nitroguanidine at two concentrations (nitroguanidine saturation concentration at the test temperature and 50 % of saturation) and to photolyzed nitroguanidine at least at four test concentrations so that an LC50 or EC50 could be adequately defined.
The EC50(48h) for nitroguanidine was > 2838 mg/L (mean measured concentration).
The EC50(48h) for photolyzed nitroguanidine was 24.6 mg/L (mean measured concentration).
Based on the results of this study, nitroguanidine appears to present little hazard to Daphnia magna. Photolysis increased the acute toxicity by a factor from over 115, and aging of photolyzed Nitroguanidine for 72 hours had little effect on its toxicity.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2-4 May 2000
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- - The final test medium contained 25 mL/L of each of the following 4 stock solutions:
* CaCl2 x 2 H2O, 11.76 g/L
* MgSO4 x 7 H2O, 4.93 g/L
* NaHCO3, 2.59 g/L
* KCl, 0.23 g/L
- Sum of Mg and Ca ions: 2.5 mmol/L
- Ca:Mg ratio = 4:1
- Na:K ratio = 10:1
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain: Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820)
- Source: breeding in laboratory
- Breeding: * Parental and young Daphnia were held in 250 l glass aquaria at 20 +/- 2 °C
* Illumination 16h/d
* Medium: reconstituted water (ISO 6341 (3)); prepared with distilled water (conductivity < 1.5 µS/cm)
* Feed: 15 g sera micropan homogenized in 1 L deionized water
* Frequency of feeding: once daily, except weekends
* Measurements: temperature, pH, conductivity, oxygen concentration and hardness of water were determined once weekly
* Control of sensitivity: periodically conducted reference test with potassium dichromate
- Size: < 2 mm
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 4 h before introduction into the test media
- Acclimation conditions: same as test - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 0.5 °C (temperature-controlled water bath)
- pH:
- 7.5 - 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.6 - 7.0 mg/L
- Salinity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - 100, 200 400, 800, 1600 and 3000 mg/L
- no analytical verification of test concentrations - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL flasks, all-glass, with 50 mL of test medium
- Aeration: no
- Test medium: reconstituted water (ISO 6341 (5); see also "details on test solution")
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water (ISO 6341 (5); see also "details on test solution")
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L
- Ca/mg ratio: 4/1
- Conductivity: < 1.5 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at the start and at the end of the test
- Handling: * Prior to the test, a batch of reconstituted water was aerated vigorously over a period of 2 h
* Final test concentrations were prepared with this aerated water by dilution of stock solutions of the test substance
* 2 h before the test, vessels were filled with the formulated media to allow equilibration of pH, oxygen and temperature
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h/d
- Illumination: overhead white fluorescent tubes
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Mobility
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2 of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/L and additionally 3000 mg/L were chosen
- Range finding study:
- Test concentrations (nominal): 0, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Exposure time: 24 and 48 h
- 2 x 20 individuals per test concentration, 3 blank controls were conducted
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: immobility - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Remarks:
- Control of sensitivity: periodically conducted reference test with potassium dichromate during breeding
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 3 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 80% active ingredient, 20% water
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 3 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 80% active ingredient, 20% water
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 3 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 80% active ingredient, 20% water
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 600 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- 80% active ingredient, 20% water
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - After 24 h no significant effects (< 10 % of total of 40 individuals) were observed at all test concentrations and in the blank controls
- After 48 h of incubation the following percentage of immobilization of the total of 40 individuals was observed : 3000 mg/L (10%); no significant effects were observed at all other test concentrations and in the blank control; immobilization at 48 h was not increased as compared to the effects after 24 h
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No statistics reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test is considered valid if < 10% of the Daphnia in the control have been immobilized or trapped at the surface of the water. The dissolved oxygen conc. at the end of the test should not be < 60 % of the air saturation value at the temp. used.
- Conclusions:
- Based on the immobilization data the nominal median effect concentration (EC50) of nitroguanidine (moistened) to Daphnia magna for 24 and 48 h was estimated to be > 3000 mg/L, respectively.
The experimentally determined no-effect concentration (NOEC, EC0) was > 3000 and > 1600 mg/L after an exposure of 24 and 48 h, respectively.
100 % immobility (EC100) was not observed.
Therefore, it can be concluded that nitroguanidin is practically non-toxic towards Daphnia magna under the conditions of this test. - Executive summary:
The 48 h acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to Daphnia magna was studied under static conditions. Daphnids were exposed to nitroguanidine at 0 (control), 100, 200 400, 800, 1600 and 3000 mg/L (nominal) for 48 h. Immobilization was observed after 24 h and at test termination (48 h).
The 24- and 48-hour EC50was > 3000 mg/L. The experimentally determined no-effect concentration (NOEC, EC0) was ≥ 3000 and ≥ 1600 mg/L after an exposure of 24 and 48 h, respectively. 100 % immobility (EC100) was not observed.
This study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for an acute toxicity study with freshwater invertebrates.
REMARK:
These results refer to nitroguanidine (moistened) which has a water content of 20 %. For the reason of comparability and registration purposes the results of this study have to be converted to nitroguanidine (dry).
Therefore, the 24- and 48-hour EC50 nitroguanidine (dry) was > 2400 mg/L. The experimentally determined no-effect concentration (NOEC, EC0) was ≥ 2400 and ≥ 1280 mg/L after an exposure of 24 and 48 h, respectively.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to Daphnia magna
Species |
Length of exposure (h) |
Mean measured concentrationa (mg/l) |
Percent immobilization |
Daphnia magna |
48 |
2838 |
16.7 |
1485 |
0 |
||
< 1.49 |
0 |
athe high, low and control nitroguanidine concentrations are listed
Table 2: The Effect of photolyzation on the acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to Daphnia magna
Species |
End point |
Toxicant concentration (mg/l) |
Relative Toxicity Ratio, photol. NGu/ NGu |
||
NGu |
|
Photolyzed NGua |
|||
Daphnia magna |
EC50(48h) |
> 2838 |
Aged photolyzed NGub: |
24.6 (21.1-28.7) 35.0 (26.2-38.5) |
> 115 > 81 |
aConcentration reported as NGu (mg/l) prior to photolyzation. No mortality was observed in the photolyzed well water control tanks
bTest used the same photolyzed NGu solution as the first test after it was stored for 3 days at room temperature
Table 1: Definitive test: Immobilization of Daphnia magna after 24 and 48 h of exposure to the test material
Nominal Concentration (mg/L) |
Code |
Number of individuals per test vessel |
Immobile Daphnia (No./vessel) 24 h |
Immobile Daphnia (No./vessel) 48 h |
% immobile Daphnia after 24 h of exposure |
% immobile Daphnia after 48 h of exposure |
Control 0.0 |
A B C |
20 20 20 |
0 0 0 |
0 0 1 |
0 0 0 |
0 0 5 |
100 |
A B |
20 20 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
200 |
A B |
20 20 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
400 |
A B |
20 20 |
0 0 |
0 1 |
0 0 |
0 5 |
800 |
A B |
20 20 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
1600 |
A B |
20 20 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
3000 |
A B |
20 20 |
0 0 |
3 1 |
0 0 |
15 5 |
Description of key information
Häner & Henzen, 2000, van der Schalie, 1985, and Burton et al., 1993 studied the 48 h acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to aquatic invertebrates. Daphnids were exposed to nitroguanidine at concentrations up to 4020 mg/L. In addition, van der Schalie determined the effects of photolyzed nitroguanidine on Dahnia magna at least at four concentrations. The lowest EC50(48 h) value in all tests was determined to be > 2400 mg/L. Therefore, it can be concluded that nitroguanidine presents only negligible hazard to D. magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia. In contrast, the EC50(48 h) for photolyzed nitroguanidine being 24.6 mg/L (see van der Schalie, 1985) is much lower. Therefore, photolyzed nitroguanidine poses a potential hazard towards aquatic invertebrates.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 24.6 mg/L
Additional information
Häner & Henzen, 2000, studied the 48 h acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to Daphnia magna according to OECD 202 under static conditions. Daphnids were exposed to Nitroguanidine at 0 (control), 100, 200 400, 800, 1600 and
3000 mg/L (nominal) for 48 h. Immobilization was observed after 24 hr and at test termination (48 h). The 24- and 48-hour EC50 for Daphnia magna was determined to be > 2400 mg/L. The experimentally determined no-effect concentration (NOEC, EC0) was ≥ 2400 and ≥ 1280 mg/L after an exposure of 24 and 48 h, respectively. 100 % immobility (EC100) was not observed.
These results are supported by the results from van der Schalie, 1985, and Burton et al., 1993:
Van der Schalie, 1985, studied the 48 h acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to D. magna under static conditions (Guideline: Am. Soc. Test. Mat. 1980. Standard practice for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians. E 729-80). Daphnids were exposed to nitroguanidine at two concentrations (nitroguanidine saturation concentration at the test temperature (2838 mg/L) and 50 % of saturation (1485 mg/L)) and to photolyzed nitroguanidine at least at four test concentrations so that an LC50 or EC50 could be adequately defined.
Burton et al., 1993 studied the 48 h acute toxicity of nitroguanidine to Ceriodaphnia dubia under static renewal conditions (Guideline: ASTM Designation E 729-80 (ASTM, 1980)). Daphnids were exposed to nitroguanidine at mean measured concentrations of 0, 500, 920, 730, 1440, 2540, and 4020 mg/L.
Van der Schalie, 1985, and Burton et al., 1993, determined the EC50(48h) for nitroguanidine to be > 2838 mg/L (mean measured concentration) and the LC50(48h) for nitroguanidine to be 2698 mg/L (mean measured concentration), respectively.
Moreover, van der Schalie conducted experiments with photolyzed nitroguanidine. The EC50(48h) for photolyzed nitroguanidine was 24.6 mg/L (mean measured concentration). Photolysis increased the acute toxicity by a factor from over 115.
Based on these results, nitroguanidine appears to present little hazard to Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia.
Table 1: Study synopsis
Guideline Test Type |
Species |
Effect Concentration |
Reference |
Reliability |
OECD 202 |
Daphnia magna |
Nitroguanidine moistened(20 % H2O): EC50(24h) mg/L > 3000 EC50(48h) mg/L > 3000 NOEC (24h) ≥ 3000 NOEC (48h) ≥ 1600
results converted to Nitroguanidine dry: EC50(24h) mg/L > 2400 EC50(48h) mg/L > 2400 NOEC (24h) = 2400 NOEC (48h) = 1280 |
Häner, A.; Henzen, F.; BMG; 2000
|
Reliable without restrictions > key study |
Am. Soc. Test. Mat. 1980. Standard practice for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians.E 729-80. |
Daphnia magna |
Nitroguanidine: EC50(48h) mg/L > 2838
Photolyzed Nitroguanidine: EC50(48h) mg/L = 24.6 |
Schalie, W.H. van der; U.S.Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory; 1985 |
Reliable with restrictions |
ASTM Designation E 729-80 (ASTM, 1980)
|
Ceriodaphnia dubia |
Nitroguanidine: LC50(48h) mg/L = 2698
|
Burton, D.T.; Turley, S.D.; Peters, G.T.; University of Maryland System, Wye Research and Education Center, Queenstown, MD, U.S.A. |
Reliable with restrictions |
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