4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol

Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Lemna gibba

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

7 d

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

10.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other:

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

8.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other:

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: frond density, frond growth rate, frond biomass

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

20 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: frond density, frond growth rate, frond biomass

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

20 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: frond density

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Nominal concentrations of 0, 1.3, 3.2, 8.0, 20, and 50 mg/L corresponded to measured concentrations of 0, 1.0, 3.0, 7.8, 20, and 54 mg/L, respectively. Frond production in the controls met the minimum criteria. The 7-day NOEC and LOEC for frond density were determined to be 7.8 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 value was calculated to be 20 mg/l (95 % CI 19-21 mg/L). The 7-day NOEC and LOEC for frond growth rate were determined to be 7.8 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 for frond growth rate was 32 mg/L (95 % CI of 31 to 32 mg/L). The 7-day NOEC and LOEC for frond biomass were determined to be 7.8 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 value for frond biomass is 22 mg/L (95 % CI 18 to 26 mg/L).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 7-day NOEC and LOEC for frond growth rate were determined to be 7.8 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 for frond growth rate was 32 mg/L (95 % CI of 31 to 32 mg/L). The 7-day NOEC and LOEC for frond biomass were determined to be 7.8 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 value for frond biomass is 22 mg/L (95 % CI 18 to 26 mg/L). Based on dose-response data as reported by the authors, two robust EC10s were also calculated using Trap software, based on the frond biomass and the frond density. These two EC10s were determined to be 8.5 mg/l and 10.4 mg/l, respectively. EC10 values were derived in accordance with Moermond et al. (2016) and ECHA (2008).

Executive summary:

The freshwater vascular plant, Lemna gibba, strain G3, was tested in a 7-day chronic study with Bisphenol A. Nominal concentrations of 0, 1.3, 3.2, 8.0, 20, and 50 mg/L corresponded to measured concentrations of 0, 1.0, 3.0, 7.8, 20, and 54 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day NOEC and LOEC for frond density were determined to be 7.8 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 value for frond density was calculated to be 20 mg/L (95 % CI 19 -21 mg/L). The 7-day NOEC and LOEC for frond growth rate were determined to be 7.8 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 for frond growth rate was 32 mg/L (95 % CI of 31 to 32 mg/L). The 7-day NOEC and LOEC for frond biomass were determined to be 7.8 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 value for frond biomass is 22 mg/L (95 % CI 18 to 26 mg/L). Based on dose-response data as reported by the authors, two robust EC10s were also calculated using Trap software, based on the frond biomass and the frond density. These two EC10s were determined to be 8.5 mg/l and 10.4 mg/l, respectively. EC10 values were derived in accordance with Moermond et al. (2016) and ECHA (2008).

Description of key information

There is one key study on aquatic plants other than algae which was rated as Klimisch 1, reliable without restrictions (Putt, 2003; published in Mihaich et al., 2009). This study followed test method OECD 221 and exposed Lemna gibba. The EC50 was determined to be 20 mg/L (frond density) and the NOEC was reported as 7.8 mg/L (frond density, growth and biomass). Van Sprang et al. (2022) calculated two EC10 values based on the dose-response data by the authors, giving an EC10 of 10.4 mg/L for frond density and an EC10 of 8.5 mg/L for frond biomass.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater plants:

20 mg/L

EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:

7.8 mg/L

Additional information

There is one key study on aquatic plants other than algae which was rated as Klimisch 1, reliable without restrictions (Putt, 2003; published in Mihaich et al., 2009). This study followed test method OECD 221,used GLP documentation, and exposed the fresh water plant Lemna gibba over 7 days to 0, 1.3, 3.2, 8.0, 20, and 50 mg/L of BPA. The EC50 was determined to be 20 mg/L (frond density) and the NOEC was reported as 7.8 mg/L (frond density, growth and biomass).