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EC number: 204-625-1 | CAS number: 123-41-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Boiling point
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- boiling point
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In this Case a QSAR was applied, for which no test guideline is required.
- Boiling pt.:
- 144 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: This QSAR test result was not provided with details on atmospheric pressure.
- Conclusions:
- The boiling point of choline hydroxide was calculated to be 144 °C.
- Executive summary:
The boiling point of choline hydroxide was calculated with OPERA Model calculation. The boiling point was calculated to be 144 °C.
- Endpoint:
- boiling point
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008-05-01 to 2008-06-02
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Data were gained within the flash point determination (well-documented GLP-study according Standard Test Method ASTM D93-07) of the 45% solution of choline base. The determination meets scientific principles and the given data indicate that the study was well-performed.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Standard Test Method ASTM D93-07
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- other: flash point determination - open cup and closed cup flash point temperature (using the Pensky- Martens apparatus) under the non-equilibrium method
- Boiling pt.:
- > 90 - 99 °C
- Atm. press.:
- 101.7 kPa
- Decomposition:
- ambiguous
- Remarks:
- grey vapours are indicative for decomposition
- Decomp. temp.:
- > 90 - 99 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: at 90 - 99 °C the sample started to boil and produce grey vapours, extinguishing the test flame
- Conclusions:
- The test was not performed according to one of the related test guidelines for the boiling point determination, but the examinations were made within a Klimisch 1 GLP guideline study for the flash point determinations including visual inspection of the test item. Hence, the observation that the "Sample started to boil and produce grey vapours which extinguished the test flame" at 90-99 °C can considered to be reliable. Since the test item in this study is a 45 % solution of the salt choline hydroxide, which is also the marketed form, it can be reasonably expected that the boiling point of this solution is related to the one of water, i.e. 100 °C at atmospheric pressure. So, the result is in the expected range and can therefore considered to be reliable.
- Executive summary:
The boiling point of the 45 % solution of choline base was determined within the flash point determination (well-documented GLP-study according Standard Test Method ASTM D93-07) including visual inspection of the test item. It was observed that the sample started to boil and produce grey vapours which extinguished the test flame at 90-99 °C.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Full test results of Flash Point determination
Temperature °C |
Barometric Pressure (kPa) |
Ignition? Yes (y) / No (n) |
Halo/ Enlarged test flame? Yes (y) / No (n) |
20 – 29 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
30 – 39 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
40 – 49 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
50 – 59 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
60 – 69 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
70 – 79 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
80 – 89 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
*90 – 99 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
Fresh sample |
|||
20 – 29 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
30 – 39 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
40 – 49 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
50 – 59 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
60 – 69 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
70 – 79 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
80 – 89 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
*90 – 99 |
101.7 |
n |
n |
* - Sample started to boil and produce grey vapours which extinguished the test flame, therefore the test was terminated.
Description of key information
Boiling point: 90 - 99 °C (45 % aqueous solution of Choline base, start of boiling and production of grey vapours)
Calculated Boiling point of choline hydroxide with OPERA Model calculation: 144 °C.
In summary: The boiling point of the pure compound cannot be determined experimentally because the substance is expected to decompose before boiling. The boiling point of the pure substance was calculated to be 144 °C. Furthermore, the boiling point of an aqueous solution of Choline base (45 %) was reported as 90-99 °C.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Boiling point at 101 325 Pa:
- 144 °C
Additional information
The Key study (Simmons Ch, 2008) was performed on a 45 % aqueous solution of choline hydroxide, which is the predominantly available form. The test was not performed according to one of the related test guidelines for the boiling point determination, but the examinations were made within a Klimisch 1 GLP guideline study for the flash point determinations including visual inspection of the test item. Hence, the observation that the "Sample started to boil and produce grey vapours which extinguished the test flame" at 90 - 99 °C can considered to be reliable. Since the test item in this study is a 45 % solution of the salt choline hydroxide, which is also the marketed form, it can be reasonably expected that the boiling point of this solution is related to the one of water, i.e. 100 °C at atmospheric pressure. So, the result is in the expected range and can therefore considered to be reliable.
Furthermore, the observation of grey vapours, resulting from a freeflowing, yellow tinted liquid, indicates first signs of decomposition of the test item, which is in general consistent with the observations made on another salt of choline, Choline chloride, which was tested without water.
Further information on the boiling point of choline hydroxide (pure) was provided with a OPERA Model calculation. The boiling point was calculated to be 144 °C.
So, in summary, the boiling point of pure choline hydroxide cannot be determined. According to REACH Annex VII section 7.3 Column 2, it is stated that the boiling point does not need to be determined if the substance decomposes before boiling. So, no datagaps were determined, and no further testing on the pure choline hydroxide is required. Since the 45 % aqueous solution of choline hydroxide is the predominantly available form on the market, it is justified to take its boiling point into consideration for risk assessment. The results here are reliable with restrictions and within the scientifically expected range, i.e. close to the boiling point of water. But also here, the grey vapours indicate decomposition.
So, sufficiently reliable data regarding the boiling points / decomposition temperature of both relevant forms of choline hydroxide is available, no datagaps were identified and the tonnage driven data requirement under REACH are fully met.
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