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EC number: 632-619-2 | CAS number: 881685-58-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10 Jul 2006 to 27 Aug 2006
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted 17 July 1992
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted 29 December 1992
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1075 (Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Public draft April 1996
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: JMAFF 2-7-1. Agchem Test Guidelines 12 Nousan No. 8147.
- Version / remarks:
- 2001
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Analytical samples were taken from each test concentration and the relevant control at the start, after 48 hours and at the end of the test. On each sampling occasion, duplicate samples of approximately 100 mL were taken from the centre of each test vessel. One sample was analysed and the second sample was stored. Samples for the 54.5 and 120 µg/L exposure concentrations were taken after 24 hours, as all fish had died at these concentrations by that time point.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- Details on test solutions:
- - Preparation of the application solution: The application solution was prepared by adding 501.29 mg of the test substance to 250 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and adding 250 mL of deionised water (1:1 v/v) to give a 1000 mg/L solution. The application solution was then diluted to provide the test concentration series, with the solvent control and test concentrations containing 60 µL of THF per litre of dilution water.
- Vehicle solution: The vehicle solution was 50% THF, 50% deionised water. - Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: carp
- Batch nr.: CP/2006/01
- Length at study initiation: 4.57 ± 0.34 cm
- Weight at study initiation: 1.89 ± 0.46 g
- Test species handling: A fine-mesh dip net was used to transfer the fish to minimise handling stress.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 12 days
- Acclimation conditions: Test organisms were held in water of the same quality as used during the test. During acclimation, the temperature ranged from 23.1 - 24.9 ˚C, pH from 7.58 - 7.80, dissolved oxygen from 60 - 100% air saturation value, and water hardness was 17 1 mg CaCO3/L. A 16-hour light : 8-hour dark photoperiod was maintained with a 30 minute dawnldusk transition period.
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: The fish were fed a mixture of commercially available food; (Nishikoi carp pellets) and frozen Artemia.
- Feeding: Food was withheld for at least 48 hours before the start of the test. The fish were not fed throughout the 96 hour exposure period.
- Health during acclimation: No mortality observed - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 171 - 190 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 23.9 - 25.0 ˚C
- pH:
- 7.11 - 7.48
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 89 - 101% air saturation
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 0 (negative control), 0 (solvent control), 5.12, 11.3, 24.8, 54.5 and 120 µg/L
- Mean measured concentrations: 0 (negative control), 0 (solvent control), 4.73, 10.8, 25.3, 52.8 and 121 µg/L, respectively. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass tanks
- Type: Closed (covered with a lid)
- Fill volume: Approximately 15 L of test solution
- Type of flow-through: Proportional diluter
- Flow rate: Every diluter cycle delivered 0.5 L of dilution water or test solution to one or other set of replicate test vessels. The diluter was set to run a cycle every 4 minutes. The diluter alternately fed one of two replicates at each treatment each cycle, therefore each test vessel received a volume of approximately 90 L of water or test solution per 24 hours, giving approximately 6 replacements per day.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration: 1
- No. of vessels per control: 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control: 1
- Biomass loading rate: The fish loading was 0.88 g/L, based on the wet weight of a sample of fish taken from the stock tank during the test.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The dilution water was prepared by mixing mains water with de-ionised water to give a total hardness of 100 - 250 mg CaCO3/L. The mixed water then passes through an activated carbon filter and a UV sterilizer to produce the dilution water. Analysis of representative samples of dilution water was conducted on at least a biannual basis for potential toxicants, pesticides, particulate matter, total organic carbon and metals.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: This study was carried out in a temperature controlled water bath. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were also recorded on a daily basis in each test vessel. The temperature was monitored in the control vessel throughout the exposure period.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: A 16-hour light : 8-hour dark photoperiod was maintained with a 30 minute dawddusk transition period.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
Observations of mortality and any unusual behaviour shown by surviving fish were made 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours (± 1 hour) after the addition of fish to the test vessels. Fish were defined as dead when there was absence of respiratory movement and lack of response to physical stimulation of the caudal peduncle. Dead fish were removed when observed. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 25.8 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- An overview of the results is provided in Table 1 – Table 3 in ‘Any other information on results incl. tables’
- Verification of test concentrations: All test concentrations appeared clear throughout the exposure period. The measured concentrations of the test substance at the start of exposure ranged from 95 to 108% of nominal, after 48 hours from 89 to 100% and from 89 to 97% of nominal at the end of exposure.
- Mortality: Mortality was observed at nominal concentrations of 25.3 μg/L and above. The NOEC based on mortality awas 10.8 μg/L. No mortality or symptoms of toxicity were observed in the controls.
- Sub-lethal effects: There were no sub-lethal effects observed in surviving fish at 96 hours. Sub-lethal effects observed at earlier time points included loss of equilibrium, unusual swimming and/or positioning in the tank, increased pigmentation and moribund fish. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The LC50 was obtained by fitting a probit model to the respective set of data using the maximum likelihood method, in which the binomial distribution of the data was taken into account. The LC50 was obtained by fitting a probit model to the respective set of data using the maximum likelihood method, in which the binomial distribution of the data was taken into account. The 24-hour LC50 was calculated as the geometric mean of the concentrations causing 0% mortality (25.3 µg/L) and 100% mortality (52.8 µg/L). Statistical analyses to determine LC50 values for 48 - 96 hour timepoints were carried out using the Quantal Dose Response module in StEvE, version 1.1 (an in-house package that uses SAS for its internal computations).
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1. Mortality
Mean meaured concentration (µg/L)
Cumulative number of dead fish (n = 7)
3 h
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Mortality % at 96 hours
Control
0
0
0
0
0
0
Solvent control
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.73
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
25.3
0
0
2
3
43
52.8
0
7
7
7
7
100
121
0
7
7
7
7
100
Table 2. Summary of analytical results
Occasion
Nominal concentration of the test substance (µg/L)
Measured concentration of the anti-isomer (µg/L) a
Measured concentration of the syn-isomer (µg/L) b
Equivalent concentration of the test substance (µg/L) c
% of nominal concentration
0 hours d
Control
ND
ND
-
-
S. Control
ND
ND
-
-
5.12
1.30
3.21
4.85
95
11.3
3.14
7.73
l 1.7
104
24.8
7.29
17.7
26.9
108
54.5
15.6
37.1
56.8
104
120
33.6
81.1
124
103
48 hours d
Control
ND
ND
-
-
S. Control
ND
ND
-
-
5.12
1.23
3.01
4.57
89
11.3
2.83
6.91
10.5
93
24.8
6.68
16.2
24.7
100
54.5
13.1
32.2
48.8
90
120
32.3
77.8
119
99
96 hours
Control
ND
ND
-
-
S. Control
ND
ND
-
-
5.12
1.26
3.15
4.75
93
11.3
2.71
6.68
10.1
89
24.8
6.48
15.9
24.1
97
a Corrected for mean recovery of 83%.
b Corrected for mean recovery of 80%
c Corrected for 92.8% purity
d Backup sample results after original sample analysis were unreportable due to method problems
ND none detected (LOD 0.5 µgL anti- and syn-isomer)
- not applicable
Table 3. Sub-lethal effects
Measured concentration of the test substance (µg/L)
Sub-lethal effects
Nr. of affected fish/number of surviving fish
3h
24h
48h
72h
96h
Control
NAD
7/7
7/7
7/7
7/7
7/7
Solvent control
NAD
7/7
7/7
7/7
7/7
7/7
4.73
NAD
7/7
7/7
7/7
7/7
7/7
10.8
NAD
7/7
7/7
7/7
7/7
7/7
25.3
NAD
7/7
4/7
4/6
4/5
4/4
IP
-
3/7
2/6
1/5
-
US
-
3/7
2/6
1/5
-
52.8
LOE
7/7
AD
AD
AD
AD
US
7/7
-
-
-
-
UP
7/7
-
-
-
-
IP
7/7
-
-
-
-
121
IP
7/7
AD
AD
AD
AD
MD
7/7
-
-
-
-
NAD no adverse effects
MD moribund
UP unusual positioning
LOE loss of equilibrium
US unusual swimming
IP increased pigmentation
AD all dead
- not applicable
Validity criteria
All validity criteria were met. The mortality in the control at 96 hours was 0% (required ≤ 10%). The dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 89 to 101 % of the air saturation value (required ≥ 60%). Thus, the study is considered valid.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See Validity criteria in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'
- Conclusions:
- In an acute toxicity study on fish (Cyprinus carpio) performed in accordance with OECD TG 203, OPPTS 850.1075 and JMAFF2-7-1 guidelines, the 96-hour LC50 was determined to be 0.0258 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test substance (mixture of syn- and anti- isomers) on carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated in a flow-through system. The study was performed following OECD TG 203, EPA OPPTS 850.1075 and JMAFF 2-7-1 guidelines and compliance with GLP criteria. The fish was exposed to the test substance at concentrations of 0 (control), 0 (vehicle control; Tetrahydrofuran), 5.12, 11.3, 24.8, 54.5 and 120 μg/L (measured concentrations: ND, ND, 4.73, 10.8, 15.3, 52.8 and 121 μg/L. respectively) for 96 hours. Seven fish were introduced into each of 1 replicate test vessel per treatment and controls. To check the concentrations of the test substance, water samples were taken at 0, 48 hours and 96 hours and analysed by using liquid chromatography with mass spectropic detection (LC/MS/MS). The toxic effects (mortality or unusual behaviour shown by surviving fish) on the test organisms were studied at 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours (± 1 hour). The test conditions were as follows: 23.9 - 25.0 °C, pH 7.11 - 7.48, and dissolved oxygen in a range of 89 - 101 % air saturation level.
There were no sub-lethal effects observed in surviving fish at 96 hours. Sub-lethal effects observed at earlier time points included loss of equilibrium, unusual swimming and/or positioning in the tank, increased pigmentation and moribund fish. After 96 hours of exposure, no mortality was observed in the negative control, solvent control, or ≤ 10.8 µg/L treatments. 43%, 100% and 100% mortality were found in the 25.3, 52.8 and 121 µg/L treatments, respectively. The 96 h LC50 was determined to be 25.8 µg/L, based on mean measured concentrations.
Reference
Description of key information
All available data was assessed and the studies representing the worst-case effects are included here as key studies. Other studies are included as supporting information.
Freshwater, 96-h LC50 = 25.8 µg/L (based on mean measured concentrations), flow-through, Cyprinus carpio, mortality, OECD TG 203, EPA OPPTS 850.1075 and JMAFF 2-7-1, Sims, 2007a
Marine water, 96 -h LC50 = 31.4 µg/L (based on mean measured concentrations), flow-through, Cyprinodon variegatus, mortality, EPA OPPTS 850.1075, Palmer et al., 2007
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 25.8 µg/L
Marine water fish
Marine water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 314 µg/L
Additional information
There are eight standard guideline and GLP-compliant studies available for this endpoint. They all used flow-through system. The 96-h study (Sims 2007c) on carp (Cyprinus carpio) and 96-h study on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) were selected as key studies, because they represent the worst-case effects (i.e. showed the lowest LC50 value) for freshwater and marine water conditions, respectively. The freshwater fish were exposed to nominal concentrations of 5.12, 11.3, 24.8, 54.5 and 120 µg/L test substance solution (mean measured concentrations: 4.73, 10.8, 25.3, 52.8 and 121 µg/L, respectively) in a flow-through system. The test conditions were as follows: 23.9 – 25.0 °C, pH 7.11 – 7.48, and dissolved oxygen in a range of 89 – 101% of saturation. The 96-hour LC50 was determined to be 0.0258 mg/L, based on the mean measured concentrations. The marine water fish were exposed to the test substance at nominal concentrations of 68, 135, 269, 538 and 1076 μg/L (mean measured concentrations: 67, 125, 247, 483, 916 μg/L). The test conditions were as follows: 21.7 – 22.1 °C, pH 7.9 – 8.1, salinity at 20 ‰, and dissolved oxygen in a range of 6.2 – 7.1 mg/L. The 96-h LC50 was determined to be 0.314 mg/L, based on mean measured concentrations (Palmer et al. 2007).
The other six studies on different freshwater species are included as supporting studies. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to the test substance at nominal concentrations of 5.12, 11.3, 24.8, 54.5 and 120 µg/L (mean measured concentrations: 5.77, 13.5, 27.1, 72.3 and 120 µg/L and 4.73, 10.8, 24.8, 56.3 and 90.5 μg/L, respectively). The 96-h LC50 were determined to be 0.066 and 0.0263 mg/L for rainbow trout and fathead minnow, respectively, based on mean measured concentrations (Sims 2007a and Sims 2007d). These two species were also exposed to the test substance at nominal concentrations of 6.3, 13, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/L (mean measured concentrations: 7.2, 7.5, 14, 33, 68 and 151 µg/L and 6.4, 8.7, 17, 39, 67 and 162 µg/L, respectively). The 96-h LC50 was determined to be 0.063 and 0.034 mg/L for rainbow trout and fathead minnow, respectively, based on mean measured concentrations (Albuquerque 2005 and Albuquerque 2006). Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to the test substance at nominal concentrations of 24.8, 54.5, 120, 264 and 581 µg/L (mean measured concentrations: 17.2, 45.4, 82.8, 185 and 399 μg/L and 19.6, 46.8, 98.9, 206 and 436 μg/L, respectively). The 96-h LC 50 was determined to be 0.181 and 0.300 mg/L for Bluegill sunfish and zebrafish, respectively, based on mean measured concentrations (Sims 2007b and Sims 2007e).
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