Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 234-744-4 | CAS number: 12030-85-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- For details and justification of read-across please refer to the attached report in section 13 of IUCLID.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 533 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95%-CI: 393 – 725 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL20
- Effect conc.:
- 164 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95%-CI: 79.5 – 242 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 88.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95%-CI: 31.6 – 149 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- <= 125 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- < 125 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 102 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95%-CI: 65 – 136 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- <= 125 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- < 125 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no abnormalities observed.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Precipitation and agglomeration
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): No
- After pH adjustment the measured Nb5+ concentrations were low and showed high variability. Therefore, no concentration-response relationship could be established. Concentrations of the test sample varied due to precipitation, agglomeration and adsorption reactions. In addition, slight changes in pH had profound impact on the test concentrations. Observed effects may therefore predominantly refer to elevated NaCl concentrations originated from neutralization, than released Nb5+ ions. Hypothetical Nb5+ related effects cannot be distinguished from NaCl induced inhibition in the conducted test. Therefore, only nominal effect levels, respectively nominal loading rates, were calculated. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - ErC50: 0.74 mg/L (0.73 – 0.76 mg/L 95%-CI)
- EyC50: 0.36 mg/L (0.35 – 0.36 mg/l 95%-CI). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- For the conducted static algae growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, applying nominal concentrations of of 0 (control), 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L niobium pentachloride, results based on growth rate after 72 h were as follows: EL50: 533 mg/L (95 % C.I. 393 – 725 mg/L); LOELR: ≤ 125 mg/L; NOELR: < 125 mg/L. The values indicate effects at nominal loading rates. Due to methodological constraints, it was not possible to determine effect levels based on measured test item concentrations.
- Executive summary:
In a 72-h growth inhibition test, cultures of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Strain No. 61.81 SAG) were exposed to niobium pentachloride at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L under static conditions in accordance with the OECD Guideline 201 (March 2006) and under GLP. The % growth inhibition in the treated algal culture as compared to the control ranged from 57.9 % at a nominal concentration of 125 mg/L to 100.7 % at a nominal concentration of 2000 mg/L. Specific results based on growth rate after 72 h were as follows:
- EL50: 533 mg/L (95 % C.I. 393 – 725 mg/L);
- EL20: 164 mg/L (95 % C.l. 79.5 – 242 mg/L);
- EL10: 88.3 mg/L (95 % C.l. 31.6 – 149 mg/L);
- LOELR: ≤ 125 mg/L;
- NOELR: < 125 mg/L.
The values indicate effects at nominal loading rates. Due to methodological constraints, it was not possible to determine effect levels based on measured test item concentrations. After pH adjustment the measured Nb5+ concentrations were low and showed high variability. Therefore, no concentration-response relationship can be delineated. Concentrations of the test sample varied due to precipitation, agglomeration and adsorption reactions. In addition, slight changes in pH had profound impact on the test concentrations. Observed growth inhibition effects may therefore rather predominantly refer to elevated NaCl concentrations, originated from neutralization, than released Nb5+ ions.
Reported effects of sodium chloride concerning the freshwater alga P. subcapitata vary but inhibitory concentrations of 2.5 g/L, respectively 0.87 g/L have been determined (Geis et al., 2000 and Santos et al., 2007, in Heisterkamp, 2015). Due to a concentration of approximately 2.92 g/L NaCl, present at the highest loading rate of 2000 mg/L test substance, and the sensitivity of P. subcapitata to salinity, any hypothetical Nb5+ related effects cannot be distinguished from NaCl induced inhibition in the conducted test. This study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for an algae growth inhibition toxicity study.
Results Synopsis
Test Organism: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Strain No. 61.81 SAG)
Test Type: Static
Specific Growth Rate
(72 h, nominal loading rate)Yield
(72 h, nominal loading rate)
EL50
533 mg/L
102 mg/L
EL20
164 mg/L
n.d.
EL10
88.3 mg/L.
n.d.
Slope of the curve
1.642
1.186
LOELR
≤ 125 mg/L
≤ 125 mg/L
NOELR
< 125 mg/L
< 125 mg/L
n.d.: not determined by statistical analysis with ToxRat
Endpoint(s) Effected: Growth rate and Biomass
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
For details and justification of read-across please refer to the attached report in section 13 of IUCLID.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Justification for type of information:
- For details and justification of read-across please refer to the attached report in section 13 of IUCLID.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 120 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1 337 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Within testing of 18 different substances the 120-h EC50 for Nitzscheria linearis was determined with 1337 ppm.
- Executive summary:
In a 120-h growth inhibition test, cultures of Nitzscheria linearis were exposed to potassium chloride. The 120-h EC50 for Nitzscheria linearis was determined with 1337 ppm.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
For details and justification of read-across please refer to the attached report in section 13 of IUCLID.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 2: Mean growth rates and yields as well as their mean inhibition in comparison to the controls after 72 h, recorded pH at 0 and 72 h.
|
Control |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
Nominal loading rate [mg/L] |
0 |
125 |
250 |
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
|
Number of replicates |
6 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Mean growth rate |
1.09 |
0.82 |
0.77 |
0.63 |
0.49 |
-0.07 |
|
Mean yield |
1.77 |
0.75 |
0.65 |
0.39 |
0.23 |
-0.01 |
|
Mean inhibition of growth rate [%] |
- |
24.9 |
29.2 |
42.5 |
55.3 |
106.4 |
|
Mean inhibition of yield [%] |
- |
57.9 |
63.2 |
78.1 |
86.9 |
100.7 |
|
pH |
0 h |
6.4 |
6.5 |
6.6 |
6.6 |
6.7 |
6.7 |
72 h |
7.1 |
7.1 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
Table 3: Parameters derived from concentration-response calculations for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 h of exposure.
|
Specific Growth Rate |
Yield 72 h nominal loading rate |
EL50 |
533 mg/L |
102 mg/L |
95% CI |
393 – 725 mg/L |
65.1 – 136 mg/L |
EL20 |
164 mg/L |
n.d. |
95% CI |
79.5 – 242 mg/L |
|
EL10 |
88.3 mg/L. |
n.d. |
95% CI |
31.6 – 149 mg/L |
|
Slope of the curve |
1.642 |
1.186 |
P(Chi²) |
1.000 |
1.000 |
r² |
0.744 |
0.825 |
LOELR |
≤ 125 mg/L |
≤ 125 mg/L |
NOELR |
< 125 mg/L |
< 125 mg/L |
95% CI:
95%-confidence limit
The
data presented were calculated using the statistical software ToxRat
(ToxRat solutions, Alsdorf, Germany)
n.d.: not determined by statistical analysis with ToxRat
Table 4: Results of the chemical analysis of the samples.
|
NC |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
Nominal loading rate [mg/L] |
0 |
125 |
250 |
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
|
Measured concentration [µg/L] |
|||||||
Time [h] |
0 |
< LOQ |
16 |
50 |
149 |
117 |
382 |
24 |
< LOQ |
2.04 |
3.36 |
6.19 |
8.58 |
111 |
|
48 |
< LOQ |
0.82 |
1.25 |
2.25 |
4.06 |
27.2 |
|
72 |
< LOQ |
10.6 |
10.9 |
55.0 |
34.2 |
62.8 |
|
72* |
< LOQ |
7.32 |
17.3 |
21.4 |
69.6 |
74.0 |
|
Recovery rate after 72 h from measured test concentration at 0 h [%] |
- |
66.3 |
21.8 |
36.9 |
29.2 |
16.4 |
LOQ (Limit of quantification) = 0.5 μg/L
*from test vessels with algae
72 h samples were analysed after chemical digestion
Description of key information
Heisterkamp (2015) conducted a static algae growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, applying nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L niobium pentachloride. The ELr50 after 72-h was 533 mg/L.
The values indicate effects at nominal loading rates. Due to methodological constraints, it was not possible to determine effect levels based on measured test item concentrations. After pH adjustment the measured Nb5+ concentrations were low and showed high variability. Therefore, no concentration-response relationship can be delineated. Concentrations of the test sample varied due to precipitation, agglomeration and adsorption reactions. In addition, slight changes in pH had profound impact on the test concentrations. Observed growth inhibition effects may therefore rather predominantly refer to elevated NaCl concentrations, originated from neutralization, than released Nb5+ ions. Reported effects of sodium chloride concerning the freshwater alga P. subcapitata vary but inhibitory concentrations of 2.5 g/L, respectively 0.87 g/L have been determined (Geis et al., 2000 and Santos et al., 2007, in Heisterkamp, 2015). Due to a concentration of approximately 2.92 g/L NaCl, present at the highest loading rate of 2000 mg/L test substance, and the sensitivity of P. subcapitata to salinity, any hypothetical Nb5+ related effects cannot be distinguished from NaCl induced inhibition in the conducted test
In addition, information from a peer reviewed publication (Patrick et al., 1968) on potassium chloride is added to the dossier for potassium niobate. The determined 120-h EC50 for the diatome Nitzscheria linearis is 1337 ppm (equaling approximately 1337 mg/L).
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
For details and justification of read-across please refer to the attached report in section 13 of IUCLID.
The key value for chemical safety assessment is derived by calculating the EC50 value of KNbO3 for combined effects of niobium and potassium ions upon dissolution of the test substance KNbO3 in water. According to information from the available water solubility study according to OECD 105, 441 mg/L and 143 mg/L of potassium and niobium, respectively, are released from a nominal loading of 20 g KNbO3/L. The acute toxicity of KNbO3 to algae can be calculated according to the following formula:
(Sum(Ci)) / EC50m = Sum (Ci / EC50i)
With
- Ci = concentration of component i (weight percentage)
- EC50i = EC50 value for component i
- n = number of components
- EC50m = EC50 of the part of the mixture with test data
The weight percentages of potassium and niobium correspond to 75.5 % and 24.5 %, respectively. Sum (Ci) corresponds to 100 %. Thus, the calculated EC50 for KNbO3 is approximately 976 mg/L. This value is carried forward in the risk assessment.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 976 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.