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EC number: 210-694-9 | CAS number: 621-59-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1981
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-1 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ninety-six-hour flow-through exposures using 28- to 36-d-old juvenile fathead minnows were conducted; flow-through method with analytical monitoring of concentrations.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: Eastman Kodak Co.
OTHER SPECIFICS:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): vanillin
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): COc1cc(C=O)ccc1O
- InChl (if other than submission substance): InChI=1/C8H8O3/c1-11-8-4-6(5-9)2-3-7(8)10/h2-5,10H,1H3
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): see Fig. in attached report.
- Properties: log P = 1.21 - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 5 concentrations per test, up to 263 mg/L.
- Sampling method: All test exposure chambers were sampled at approximately mid-depth at 0 and 96 h and one of each duplicate exposure chamber at 24, 48 and 72 h
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were analysed immediately or adequately preserved for later analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Lake Superior water served as the diluent source for all test compounds.
- Controls: blank control. - Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Juvenile fathead minnows
- Source: Environmental Research Laboratory Duluth
- Age at study initiation: 29-31 days old
- Length at study initiation: 1.1 to 3.1 cm
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 48 h.
- Acclimation conditions: same as test.
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: During acclimation the fish were fed Glencoe trout chow no. 3 granules.
FEEDING DURING TEST: no. - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 51 - 53 mg/L CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- 25 ± 1ºC.
- pH:
- 7 ± 0.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.2 - 7.2 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations, 5 concentrations per test, various tests performed.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, fill volume 6.3 L
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Flow-through exposures were conducted using cycling proportional [31], modified Benoit, or electronic diluters.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Compounds which dissociated in water causing a change in pH were stabilised prior to analysis by addition of a buffer solution. The buffer consisted of 5 mM solution of Na2CO3 adjusted to a mean pH of 10.2 with HCl. One ml buffer was added to 10 ml of standards and samples prior to analysis. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Reference toxicants such as octanol, pentachlorophenol, phenol, and carbaryl.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 57 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: test 1 (1980)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 123 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: test 2 (1981)
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: In test 1, affected fish stopped schooling, became hypoactive, swam at the surface, and lost equilibrium prior to death; in test 2, affected fish lost equilibrium prior to death.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were calculated using the Trimmed Spearman–Karber Method, with 95% confidence intervals being calculated when possible.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1. Test 1. Tank concentrations
Date
Control
A
B
C
D
E
Nominal
0
34
56
94
157
261
11/11/80
< 0.2
-
20.1
17.7
31.6
31.6
57.1
53.9
91.1
93.0
171
176
11/12/80
-
< 0.2
-
17.7
-
29.3
-
45.6
-
81.6
-
161
11/13/80
< 0.2
18.4
-
29.8
-
51.2
-
84.6
-
-
-
11/14/80
< 0.2
-
18.9
-
31.0
-
55.3
-
87.6
-
-
11/15/80
< 0.2
< 0.2
20.5
18.1
31.6
31.0
56.7
55.9
-
-
-
-
Average
< 0.2
< 0.2
19.7
18.1
31.0
30.7
55.0
52.7
87.8
87.4
171
169
Cor Ave
< 0.2
< 0.2
20.2
18.5
31.8
31.5
56.4
54.0
90.0
89.5
175
173
Recovery %
97.6 (3.7)
Table 2. Test 1. Mortality.
Hour
Control
A
B
C
D
E
Initial
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
0.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
1.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
0
6
0
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
0
15
16
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
0
25
25
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
2
25
25
28
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
6
25
25
48
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
2
25
23
25
25
52
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
2
25
23
25
25
72
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
4
25
25
25
25
96
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
4
25
25
25
25
Table 3. Test 2. Tank concentrations.
Date
Control
A
B
C
D
E
Nominal
0
23
38
64
107
178
02/10/81
< 0.1
< 0.1
12.7
11.2
19.9
19.5
44.5
38.0
70.0
48.5
138
138
02/11/81
-
< 0.1
-
8.30
-
16.9
-
40.1
61.5
61.2
-
133
02/12/81
< 0.1
-
10.4
-
17.1
-
41.0
-
64.5
64.5
128
-
02/13/81
-
< 0.2
-
9.92
-
19.6
-
46.0
-
64.5
-
130
12/14/81
0.40
< 0.2
11.1
10.3
19.1
20.1
43.5
40.8
68.5
65.5
133
131
Average
< 0.2
< 0.2
11.4
9.9
18.7
19.0
43.0
41.2
66.1
69.5
133
133
Cor Ave
< 0.2
< 0.2
11.5
10.1
18.9
19.3
43.5
41.7
66.9
61.8
135
135
Recovery %
98.8 (2.5)
Table 4. Test 2. Mortality.
Hour
Control
A
B
C
D
E
Initial
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
0
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
0
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
48
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
7
54.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
12
72
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
15
96
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
15
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 96h-LC50 for the test item on Pimephales promelas is 90 mg/L (mean value of 2 tests, basis for effect: mortality).
- Executive summary:
The study of acute toxicity of the analogue substance vanillin to the fathead minnow in Lake Superior water was performed by a method similar to OECD TG 203 (non-GLP). Two 96h flow-through studies were conducted at 5 test item concentrations each. Blank controls were run in parallel, analytical verification of concentrations was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The LC50 values obtained were 57 mg/L (CL 53.0 - 61.3 mg/L) and 123 mg/L (CL 104 - 146 mg/L), based on mortality. The 96h-LC50 for the test item on Pimephales promelas is 90 mg/L (mean value of 2 tests, basis for effect: mortality).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From February 1973 to July 1974.
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-1 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source: Curtin Matheson Scientific Inc.
- Purity: all compounds were reagent-grade chemicals. - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Three to five widely spaced test concentrations differing by a factor of 10 or more and a control were used.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Lake Superior water served as the diluent source for all test compounds. Additional tests with reconstituted laboratory water were performed. Test solutions were prepared by
adding a weighed amount of chemical to a 9-L glass carboy containing 4 L of Lake Superior water. Solution components were thoroughly mixed by shaking and were then poured into two glass battery jars for preparation of the toxicant test concentrations. - Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Juvenile fathead minnows
- Source: Environmental Research Laboratory Duluth
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 4 to 8 weeks old.
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 1.1 - 3.1 cm
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 48h.
- Acclimation conditions: fish were acclimated in flowing water 11 cm deep in a holding through (360 cm long by 58 cm wide by 31 cm deep)
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: During acclimation the fish were fed Glencoe trout chow no. 3 granules.
FEEDING DURING TEST: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 18-22ºC.
- pH:
- > 5.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 4.0 mg/l or less.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: the static tests were conducted in 3 L cylindrical glass battery jars.
- Type: a glass cover was placed over each jar to reduce evaporation.
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, size 3 L, fill volume 2 L.
- Aeration: no.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- Replicate tests were conducted with vanillin in both diluent waters. Comparative tests were also conducted with vanillin in reconstituted water for minnows acclimated in lake and reconstituted waters.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The test compound was tested in Lake Superior water and in soft reconstituted water, to compare the toxic response. The reconstituted water was prepared by adding NaHCO3, CaSO4·2H20, MgSO4, and KCl salts to distilled water in quantities specified by the Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms (1975).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Complete immobilization of the fish was considered as the biological endpoint and equated with death. Fish mortality was measured after 1, 24, 48, and 96 hr.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10 or more.
- Test concentrations: 3 - 5 widely spaced test concentrations. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 116.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lake Superior water.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 104.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reconstituted water.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 110.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mean value.
- Details on results:
- The results are the mean value of two tests, individual values on table 1.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Standard graphical procedures were followed for determining concentrations that would result in 50% mortality (American Public Health Association, 1971).
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1. Results for vanillin, Individual values.
Test
LC50 (mg/L)
24h
48h
96h
Lake Superior water 1 (a)
131
123
121
Lake Superior water 2 (a)
125
116
112
Reconstituted water 1 (a,c)
100
97
88
Reconstituted water 2 (a, c)
127
121
121
Reconstituted water 3 (a, d)
125
116
116
(a) Dissolved oxygen measured < 4.0 mg/L during test; (c) acclimated in Lake Superior water; (d) acclimated in reconstituted water.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- no
- Remarks:
- oxygen conc. ≤ 4 mg/L.
- Conclusions:
- The 96h-LC50 for the test item on Pimephales promelas was 110.5 mg/L, based on mortality.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of vanillin to the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) was studied by a method similar to OECD TG 203 (non-GLP). Static tests were performed in Lake Superior water (2 tests) and reconstituted water (3 tests), exposing 20 fish per concentration to 3 to 5 widely spaced concentrations (factor 10 or higher) of test item. All concentrations reported are nominal, as there was no analytical verification; and the oxygen concentration at the end of the test was below 4mg/L. Under test conditions, the 96h-LC50 for the test item was 110.5 mg/L, based on mortality.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
See 'Attached justification'. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 90 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean
- Remarks:
- Read-across from analogue.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the read-across approach, the (96 h) LC50 for Pimephales promelas for the target substance is 90 mg/L (mean value of 2 tests, basis for effect: mortality).
- Executive summary:
The study of acute toxicity of the analogue substance vanillin to the fathead minnow in Lake Superior water was performed by a method similar to OECD TG 203 (non-GLP). Two 96h flow-through studies were conducted at 5 test item concentrations each. Blank controls were run in parallel, analytical verification of concentrations was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The LC50 values obtained were 57 mg/L (CL 53.0 - 61.3 mg/L) and 123 mg/L (CL 104 - 146 mg/L), based on mortality. The 96h-LC50 for the test item on Pimephales promelas is 90 mg/L (mean value of 2 tests, basis for effect: mortality). Based on the read-across approach, the 96h-LC50 of the target substance in freshwater fish is 90 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
See 'Attached justification'. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 110.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mean value.
- Remarks:
- Read-across from analogue.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- no
- Conclusions:
- Based on the available information for the read-across approach, the 96h-LC50 for the target substance on Pimephales promelas was 110.5 mg/L, based on mortality.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of vanillin to the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) was studied by a method similar to OECD TG 203 (non-GLP). Static tests were performed in Lake Superior water (2 tests) and reconstituted water (3 tests), exposing 20 fish per concentration to 3 to 5 widely spaced concentrations (factor 10 or higher) of test item. All concentrations reported are nominal, as there was no analytical verification; and the oxygen concentration at the end of the test was below 4mg/L. Under test conditions, the 96h-LC50 for the test item was 110.5 mg/L, based on mortality. Based on the available information for the read-across approach, the 96h-LC50 for the target substance in fish is 110.5 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Based on the available information for the read-across approach, the target substance has a 96h-LD50 = 90 mg/L for freshwater fish (worst case).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 90 mg/L
Additional information
Weight of evidence. Based on the available information for the read-across approach, the target substance has a 96h-LD50 = 90 mg/L for freshwater fish (worst case).
A flow-through acute aquatic toxicity study of the analogue substance vanillin on Fathead Minnow by Brooke (1981), was performed by a method similar to OECD 203 (non-GLP). Two 96h flow-through studies were conducted at five test item concentrations each in Lake Superior water. Blank controls were run in parallel, analytical verification of concentrations was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The 96h-LC50 values obtained were 57 mg/L (CL 53.0 - 61.3 mg/L) and 123 mg/L (CL 104 - 146 mg/L), based on mortality, giving a mean value of 90 mg/L. A static acute aquatic toxicity study of the analogue substance vanillin on Fathead Minnow was performed by Mattson (1976), by a method similar to OECD 203 (non-GLP). 20 fish per dose were exposed to up to 5 widely spaced concentrations of test item or a control in Lake Superior water (2 tests) or reconstituted water (3 tests). All concentrations reported are nominal, as there was no analytical verification; and the oxygen concentration at the end of the test was below 4mg/L. Under test conditions, the mean 96h-LC50 value for the test item was 110.5 mg/L, based on mortality. Based on the available information for the read-across approach, the LD50 for isovanillin to freshwater fish is 90 mg/L (worst-case scenario).Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.