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EC number: 231-784-4 | CAS number: 7727-43-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Specific investigations: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- mechanistic studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data available
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Restricted relevance of the experimental data due to intratracheal route of administration.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Pulmonary reaction to barium sulfate in rats
- Author:
- Huston, J.; Cunningham, G.J.
- Year:
- 1 952
- Bibliographic source:
- A.M.A. Arch. Pathol. 54, 430-438
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Barium sulfate was administered to 18 Sprague-Dawley rats via a tracheal catheter. Roentgenograms were taken of the animal and of the lungs (after removal from the body). Histological examinations were performed.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- in vivo
- Endpoint addressed:
- respiratory irritation
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Barium sulfate
- EC Number:
- 231-784-4
- EC Name:
- Barium sulfate
- Cas Number:
- 7727-43-7
- Molecular formula:
- BaO4S
- IUPAC Name:
- barium sulfate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Barium sulfate (veriopaque)
- Physical state: solid
No further details are given.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 250 and 300g
No further details are given.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intratracheal
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Rats were first anesthetised and were then tied in the supine position to a rat board by means of rubber bands on all four extremities. A fifth band, fitted over the front teeth, immobilised th ehead. The rat was held in a vertical position. The tongue was pulled of the animal as far out and to one side as possible, while the tip of the trachela catheter was placed.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no data
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single administration
- Post exposure period:
- Rats were killed at varying intervals of 30 mintes, 2, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, and 7, 15, 30, 94 and 126 days by lethal intraperitoneal injection of thiopental sodium.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
no test concentration given
Basis:
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 18 animals were used in this experiment.
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- No further details are given.
Examinations
- Examinations:
- Roentgenograms were taken immediately prior to and after injection. Further roentgenograms were taken of the animals before killing and of the lungs after removal from the lungs. These were of value in detecting the lobs which contained barium suspension.
After killing, autopsies were performed immediately, and the lungs removed in toto. The lungs together with the spleen and portions of liver and kidney were fixed in 10% formalin. Sections were made from barium containing whole lobes and by cutting through the hilus in most cases one ore more lymph nodes were included in the sections. - Positive control:
- no data
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- While in general the animals survived the procedure well, 2 rats died almost immediately from tracheal or bronchial obstruction. Observations show that at first the suspension is taken up by polymorphonuclear leucocytes, which subsequently degenerate and liberate the suspension, which is then taken up by mononuclear cells. When the barium is liberated from these cells, it becomes inspissated into refractile masses. The amount od tissue reaction is slight, and giant cell reaction of the foreign body type commences after about 90 days. Finally, although barium sulfate if present in quantity cannot be completely removed, it is likely to give rise to little fibrosis ultimately.
On the basis of the observations it is concluded that barium sulfate is a relatively inert substance in the tissues and give rise to only a very mild reaction.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- An experimental study of the reaction of rat lung to the endotracheal injection of barium sulfate suspension is described. Stages of this reaction which are moderately clear-cut have been found, although the changes are mild and insidious. On the basis of the observations it is concluded that barium sulfate is a relatively inert substance in the tissues and give rise to only a very mild reaction.
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