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EC number: 232-094-6 | CAS number: 7786-30-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- Not a guideline study but meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A bioassay procedure was developed for Daphnia magna to serve as a representative aquatic invertebrate test species to evaluate the effect of MgCl2 on the reproduction of Daphnia magna of selected inorganic substances (including MgCl2.6H2O) .
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Chemical characteristics of Lake Superior water (Table 1) were monitored during the testing period according to procedures outlined by the American Health Association andprocedures employing atomic absorption spectroscopy.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- No data
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 12±12h old
- Strain/clone: clone originally obtained from the University of Michigan
- Source: University of Michigan
- Feeding during test : Yes
- Food type: the food suspension was prepared by adding 0.5 g of powered dried grass and 10 g of enriched trout-fry granules to 250 mL of Lake Superior water (test and culture medium) and mixing vigorously in a blender (5 min). The suspension was the strained through #20 bolting cloth. The food thus prepared was then stored in the refrigerator and mixed thoroughly each time a an aliquot was withdrawn.
- Amount: daphnids were fed with 1mL of suspension/Liter
- Frequency: Twice weekly for rearing and once weekly for testing. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- no data
- Hardness:
- Hardness: 45.3 mg/L (range 44-53 mg/L)
- Test temperature:
- 18±1°C
- pH:
- 7.74 (range 7.4-8.2) measurments of pH were made in the test containers when medium was added and 1 week later when the medium and toxicant were replaced by fresh solutions. at or below concentrations havins a chronic partial effet adddtions of Mg did not alter the pH by more than +/-0.3 of unit of the control water
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations in test containers were near saturation at all times. At damn, before the lights came on, the concentration was about 9 mg/L ; late in the day oxygen sometimes slightly exceeded saturation because of photosynthesis by algae.
- Salinity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Analytical measurments in test containers were made for Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cd at the time of addition and 1 week later.
All ion concentrations measured in the stock solutions were compared to nominal values.
The numbers of concentration tested ranged from 5 to 12 depending on the toxicant and the initials effects observed. As daphnids response to toxicity was often within extremely narrow limited, a geometric series of concentrations was used for obtaining an approximation of toxicity; a linear series of concentrations was often used to delineating reproductive impairment levels. After concentrations to be tested were determined 3 to 7 tests were run for each toxicant. The results from all tests for each toxicant concentrations were pooled for statistical analysis. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL beaker
- Type (delete if not applicable): The beaker were covered with a pane of glass to minimize evaporation
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL beaker filled with 200mL of test solutio
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): weekly renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 daphnids in 200 ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Source : Lake Superior water
- Total organic carbon: no data
- Particulate matter: no data
- Metals: cf. Table 1
- Pesticides: no data
- Chlorine: 1.217
- Alkalinity: 42.3 mg/L
- Ca/mg ratio: Ca/Mg ratio = 4.4 in the lake Superior water (test medium)
- Conductivity: no data
- Salinity: no data
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: weekly measured
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: pH was not adjusted
- Photoperiod: 16h photoperiod (automatically controlled)
- Light intensity: 115 ft-c
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 5 concentrations tested ranging between 3.6 and 256 mg of Mg/L (or between 14.1 and 1002.7 mg of MgCl2/L).
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Since daphnids had not been previously exposed to Mg on a chronic basis, experiments have repeated before appropriate concentrations could be tested. As daphnid response to toxicity was within extremely narrow limits, a linear serie of concentrations was used for delineating reproductive impairment levels. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC16
- Effect conc.:
- 82 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC16
- Effect conc.:
- 321 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: No behavioural abnomailities were observed
- Observations on body length and weight: body length and weight were not recorded
- Mortality of control: No mortality observed in the control
The study reports a 21 days EC16 of 82 mg Mg/L for the effect of MgCl2 on the reproduction of Daphnia magna (i.e 321 mg of MgCl2 /L). - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Results were stastistically evaluated with the method of Lichtefield and Wilcoxon (1949) for establishing approximations of the 95% confidence limits for survival effects. Reproductive effects were analysed in a similar manner exluding confidence limits, but are given in terms of impairment by percentage.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The study reports a 21 days EC16 of 82 mg Mg/L for the effect of MgCl2 on the reproduction of Daphnia magna (i.e. 321 mg of MgCl2 /L).
- Executive summary:
The objective of this test was assess the effect of Magnesium Chloride on reproduction of Daphnia magna. For this, five young female Daphnia per replicate (4 replicate per concentration), aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test (12 +/-12h old), were exposed (in test and control vessel - 200mL) to the test substance added to water at a range of concentrations. The test duration was 21 days. At the end of the test, the total number of living offspring produced per parent animal alive at the end of the test were assessed.
The 21 days EC16 (16% reproductive-impairment concentration) was arithmetically calculated from the concentration/effect ratio. The 16% reproductive-impairment concentration was given since it represented a minimal reproductive value below which the variability in the reproduction could not be detected from controls. Background concentration of the test medium was approximately 3 mg Mg/L, which corresponds to a soft water medium.
Thus calculated 21 days EC16 value for Daphnia magna was 82 mg of Mg/L (i.e 321 mg of MgCl2/L).
As a conservative approach, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) was derived by dividing the EC16 value by a factor of two, resulting in a NOEC of 41 mg Mg/L (i.e 160.5 mg of MgCl2/L).
Reference
Description of key information
One reliable (Klimisch 2) chronic toxicity tests with MgCL2 was identified.
In this study, 5 daphnids (Daphnia magna) were placed in each test and control vessel, i.e. 20 animal per concentration test (4 replicates per concentration). At the end of the test, the total number of living offspring produced per parent animal alive at the end of the test were assessed. The 21 days EC16 value for Daphnia magna was 82 mg of Mg/L (i.e 321 mg of MgCl2/L).
As a conservative approach, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) was derived by dividing the EC16 value by a factor of two, resulting in a NOEC of 41 mg Mg/L (i.e 160.5 mg of MgCl2/L).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- 160 mg/L
Additional information
One study is judged reliable (Klimisch 2) (Biesinger and Christensen, 1972). This study is not a guideline study but meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and it is selected as a key study.
The NOEC value determined for Magnesium Chloride is higher than 100 mg MgCl2/L for freshwater invertebrates, indicating that Magnesium Chloride has a very low long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates.
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