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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-920-2 | CAS number: 111-91-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25-Aug-2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD; Draft Proposal for a new guideline: "Bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - The Ocular Toxicity Working Group (OTWG) of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) and the National Interagency Centre for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), Background Review Document (BRD): current status of in vitro test methods for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Test Method, March 2006
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
- EC Number:
- 203-920-2
- EC Name:
- Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
- Cas Number:
- 111-91-1
- Molecular formula:
- C5H10Cl2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-chloro-2-[(2-chloroethoxy)methoxy]ethane
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Diformal
- Substance type: Clear yellowish liquid
- Physical state: Liquid
- Stability under test conditions: Stable
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in the dark under nitrogen
Constituent 1
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µl per cornea
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µl Benzalkonium Chloride per cornea
- Concentration (if solution): 10% (w/v)
- Lot/batch no. (if required): S4214644 442
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µl ethanol per cornea
- Lot/batch no. (if required): K40023527920 - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- - Treatment period: 10 minutes
- Incubation period: 2 hours - Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Isolated bovine cornea
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes
- Time after start of exposure: 10 minutes
SCORING SYSTEM:
- After exposure the cornea is thoroughly rinsed to remove the test substance and incubated for 2 hours with fresh medium followed by opacity measurement and the permeability of the corneas was determined after a 90 minutes incubation period with sodium fluorescein.
- - The mean opacity and mean permeability values (OD490) were used for each treatment group to calculate an in vitro score:
In vitro irritancy score (IVIS) = mean opacity value + (15 x mean OD490 value).
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE:
- opacitymeter and fluorescein
DATA EVALUATION:
In vitro score range / In vitro classification
0 - 3 / Non irritant
3.1 - 25 / Mild irritant
25.1 - 55 / Moderate irritant
55.1 - 80 / Severe irritant
> 80 / Very severe irritant
Results and discussion
In vitro
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- 10 minutes exposure /120 minutes incubation
- Value:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: not reversible
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: mild irritant
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: expert judgment
- Conclusions:
- The mean in vitro irritancy score (uncorrected) obtained with the negative control was less than 3.1 indicating that the negative controls did not induce irritancy on the corneas. The mean in vitro irritancy score of the positive control (10% w/v Benzalkonium Chloride) was 159 and was within the historical positive control data range (Appendix II, Table 6). The mean in vitro irritancy score of the second positive control (Ethanol) was 77 and was just above the values indicated in the draft proposal for a new guideline of the OECD (section 3.3 Guidelines, IVIS = 39.9 – 65.4). It was therefore concluded that the test conditions were adequate and that the test system functioned properly.
Diformal induced mild ocular irritation mainly on the opacity endpoint, resulting in a mean in vitro irritancy score of 9.0 after 10 minutes of treatment.
Finally, it is concluded that this test is valid and that Diformal is a mild irritant in the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test under the experimental conditions described in this report.
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