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EC number: 214-333-6 | CAS number: 1121-60-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 3 October - 5 October 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
- Report date:
- 2001
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- (THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde
- EC Number:
- 214-333-6
- EC Name:
- Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde
- Cas Number:
- 1121-60-4
- Molecular formula:
- C6H5NO
- IUPAC Name:
- pyridine-2-carbaldehyde
- Test material form:
- other: liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report) : Pyridine-2-aldehyde
- Physical state : light yellow liquid
- Analytical purity : no data
- Lot/batch No. : 0610404
- Storage condition of test material : room temperature, in the dark until 31 July 2001, thereafter approximately 4°C, under nitrogen, in the dark
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations : Water samples were taken from the control (replicates R1 — R2 pooled) and the 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/1 test groups (replicates R1 — R2 pooled) at 0 and 48 hours for quantitative analysis.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method:
An amount of test material (200 mg) was dissolved in reconstituted water with the aid of ultrasonic disruption for approximately 5 minutes and the volume adjusted to 2 litres to give the 100 mg/l test concentration from which dilutions were made to give the remainder of the test series of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32 and 56 mg/I.
Each prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity.
The Sponsor indicated that the test material might be light sensitive and therefore the test material was weighed under a non-actinic light source.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name : water flea
- Strain : in-house culture
- Age at study initiation : < 24 h
- Feeding during test : none
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- The reconstituted water had an approximate theoretical total hardness of 250 mg/l as CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- 21°C , measured at test start and after 24 and 48 h in every test vessel and the control .
- pH:
- 7.9 - 8.3 , measured at test start and after 48 h in every test vessel and the control .
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.1 - 8.4 mg O2/l , (91 - 94% saturation) , measured at test start and after 48 h in every test vessel and the control .
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Analysis of the test preparations at 0 and 48 hours (see table 1) showed measured test concentrations to range from 95% to 120% of nominal value with the exception of the 1.0 mg/I test concentration that showed a measured value of 63% of nominal at 48 hours. Given that at 0 hours a measured value of 101% of nominal was obtained and that this test concentration was below the No Observed Effect Concentration of 1.8 mg/1, it was considered that this low result did not affect the validity or integrity of the results. Therefore it was considered justifiable to calculate the EC50 values in terms of the nominal test concentrations only.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel
- Type : Test vessels were covered to reduce evaporation .
- Material, size, fill volume: 250 ml glass jars containing approximately 250 ml test solution .
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution : The test solutions were not renewed
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- The test vessels were shielded from the light.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water *
* Stock Solutions
a) CaCl2 . 2H2O : 11.76 g/l
b) MgSO4 . 7H2O : 4.93 g/l
c) NaHCO3 : 2.59 g/l
d) KCl : 0.23 g/l
Preparation: An aliquot (25 ml) of each solution a-d were added to each litre (final volume) of deionised water with a conductivity of < 5 µS cm-1 . The reconstituted water had a pH of 7.8 +/- 0.2 , adjusted (if necessary) with NaOH or HCl and was aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration was approximately air-saturation value .
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : Any immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the start of exposure. The criterion of effect used was that Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 seconds after gentle agitation.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.10 , 1.0 , 10 and 100 mg/l
An amount of test material (100 mg) was dissolved in reconstituted water with the aid of ultrasonic disruption for approximately 5 minutes and the volume adjusted to 1 litre to give the 100 mg/I test concentration from which serial dilutions were made to give the remainder of the test series of 0.10, 1.0 and 10 mg/l .
Each prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity.
The Sponsor indicated that the test material might be light sensitive and therefore the test material was weighed under a non-actinic light source.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No immobilisation was observed at the test concentrations of 0.10 and 1.0 mg/l . However, after 24 and 48 hours exposure, 30% and 100% immobilisation respectively was observed at the test concentration of 100 mg/l and 100% immobilisation was observed at 10 mg/l after 48 hours . Based on this information test concentrations of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/l were selected for the definitive study. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 80 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence limit : 66-100 mg/l
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence limit : 5.6-8.3 mg/l
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: zero immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: zero immobilisation
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The study was performed in compliance with UK GLP standards (Schedule 1, Good Laboratory Practice Regulations 1999 (SI 1999/3106)). These Regulations are in accordance with GLP standards published as OECD Principles on Good Laboratory Practice
- Conclusions:
- The study is regarded as a valid guideline study with certificated GLP compliance. The acute toxicity of Pyridine-2-aldehyde to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna has been investigated and gave a 48-Hour EC50 value of 6.9 mg/l with 95% confidence limits of 5.6 — 8.3 mg/l. The No Observed Effect Concentration at 48 hours was 1.8 mg/I. The most sensitive species is fish, see IUCLID section 6.1.1 (experimental result) for information on classification.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of Pyridine-2-aldehyde was tested according to OECD guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 in a static freshwater test with Daphnia magna as test organisms, which is a freshwater invertebrate representative of a wide variety of natural habitats, and can therefore be considered as an important non-target organism in freshwater ecosystems. The study was conducted under certificated GLP compliance. In-house laboratory cultures of the test animals were used, whereby young daphnids, less than 24 h old were used for testing. These daphnids were not individually identified and received no food. The test concentration to be used in the definitive test was determined by a preliminary range-finding test. Based on this range-finding study, the definitive test was conducted with test concentrations of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L. Duplicate test vessels were used for each test and control group. No aeration was performed.The Sponsor indicated that the test material might be light sensitive and therefore the test material was weighed under a non-actinic light source and the test vessels were shielded from the light.No evidence of undissolved substance was observed, since all preparations were clear, colourless solutions. This solutions were not renewed during the exposure period. The vessels were covered to reduce evaporation and maintained at 21.0 °C in a temperature controlled room for a test duration of 48 hours. No reference substance is required in accordance to the test guideline.
The EC50 value was determined as 6.9 mg/L with 95 % Confidence limits of 5.6 – 8.3 mg/L. The corresponding No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) is 1.8 mg/L. Gas Chromatography (GC) was the analytical method of choice. Analysis of the test preparations at 0 and 48 hours showed measured test concentrations to range from 95% to 120% of nominal value with the exception of the 3.2 mg/L test concentration that showed a measured value of 63% of nominal at 48 hours. Given that at 0 hours a measured value of 101% of nominal was obtained and that this test concentration was below the No Observed Effect Concentration of 1.8 mg/L, it was considered that this low result did not affect the validity or integrity of the results. Therefore it was considered justifiable to calculate the EC50 values in terms of the nominal test concentrations only.
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