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Adsorption / desorption

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Reference
Endpoint:
adsorption / desorption: screening
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
08 November 1996 to 19 February 1997
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 106 (Adsorption - Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of method:
HPLC estimation method
Media:
soil
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Identity: FAT 40557/A
Batch-no.: PV1
Purity: 65 %
Appearance: Solid powder, red-brown
Solubility (g/l): >100
Stability in Water: Stable under storage conditions
Expiration date: 30 September, 2002
Storage conditions: At room temperature at about 20 °C, away from direct sunlight.
Radiolabelling:
no
Test temperature:
20±1°C
Details on sampling:
Preparation of Solutions containing the Test Substance:
A stock solution of FAT 40557/A at a concentration of 10.97 mg in 10 mL of CaCI2 solution (0.01 mol per litre) was prepared. From this stock solution 45.6 µL were taken and filled up to 10 mL with 0.01 mol CaCI2 per litre solution resulting in a concentration of 5 mg FAT 40557/A per litre. Lower concentrations were compared by taking aliquots of this solution and adding the volume CaCI2 solution needed. Different concentrations were obtained in the range of 5 mg to 0.5 mg FAT 40557/A per litre solution. Reference samples in each of the these soil extracts were prepared in the same way. Additionally, concentrations of 0.25 and 0.125 mg/L were prepared. Reference samples in CaCI2 solution were used for the evaluation of the application solution. Reference samples in soil extracts were used for the evaluation of the adsorption and desorption solutions. For the application solution 1140 µL of the stock solution was taken and filled up to 250 mL with 0.01 mol CaCI2 per litre solution resulting in a concentration of 5 mg FAT 40557/A per litre (calculated).

Addition of Test Substance:
A 0.01 mol CaCI2 per litre solution was used at a ratio of 5 g soil plus 25 mL of 0.01 mol CaCI2 per litre. The study was performed in sealed Teflon centrifuge tubes (35 mL) at 20 ± 1 °C. The tubes were shaken in the dark at 200-300 strokes per minute. A horizontal shaker (INFORS AG) was used with the tubes also fixed horizontally assuring an intense mixing of soil and solution by moving them back and forth. Agitation was started immediately after the addition of the CaCI2 solution and was continued for 16 hours.
Details on matrix:
Soil types:
1.) Speyer 2.2 (loamy sand): The soil was obtained from Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt (LUFA), Speyer/Germany in 1991. It was transported to RCC and stored in concrete cylinders outdoors. Typical plants of the region were allowed to grow. The soil has not been subjected to any pesticide, organic nor inorganic fertiliser treatment since arrival at the test lab where this soil was also stored air-dried in closed plastic or glass containers at room temperature in the dark.
2.) Sisseln (sandy loam): This soil was obtained from the top 30 cm of the soil profile on September 17, 1990 and put together on the same field as a monticule of about 2 m height. Until June 26, 1991, plants typical of the region were allowed to grow. From this soil, the top 50 cm were collected and transported to Rheinfelden/Switzerland (June 26, 1991) and later to RCC facilities (July 5, 1991). This soil is an agricultural soil which has not been submitted to pesticide treatments for the past 20 years. Organic and/or inorganic fertilisation was practised in very small amounts but not after September 1990. The soil has been stored air-dried in closed plastic or glass containers at room temperature in the dark.
3.) Les Barges (silt loam): The soil was sampled on an arable field, which belongs to the Versuchsanstalt Les Barges (Ciba) VS/Switzerland, on January 29, 1996. After having removed the green-sward the soil was sampled from the surface layer. Thereafter, the soil was transported to RCC, mixed and stored in a concrete cylinder or in a wooden box in the open. The soil has not been subjected to any pesticide, organic nor inorganic fertiliser treatment for the last few years. There was also no such treatment of the soil during the storage at RCC.

Soil Preparation and Conditioning of the Soils:
The air-dried soils were carefully homogenised and passed through a 2 mm sieve before using them in this study. The soil moisture content was determined by drying the soils at 105 °C under reduced pressure until a constant weight was reached (3 to 16 hours). To condition the soils (about 5 g aliquots), a 0.01 mol CaCI2 per litre solution (2 to 1, volume to mass, dry weight basis) was added to the soil aliquots in test tubes. For the balance the weight of the tubes, the weight of tubes and soil, and finally the total weight of tubes with CaCI2 solution and soil was determined. Each mixture was incubated and shaken at 20 ± 1 °C overnight. After conditioning, the tubes were centrifuged at about 20°C, the supernatants discarded and the CaCI2 solution remaining in the pellets was gravimetrically determined as the tubes with the soil.
Type:
Koc
Value:
939 other: ml/g
Temp.:
20 °C
% Org. carbon:
2.29
Remarks on result:
other: Specyer (loamy sand)
Type:
Koc
Value:
747 other: ml/g
Temp.:
20 °C
% Org. carbon:
1.57
Remarks on result:
other: Sisseln (sandy loam)
Type:
Koc
Value:
690 other: ml/g
Temp.:
20 °C
% Org. carbon:
3.8
Remarks on result:
other: Les Barges (silt loam)
Details on results (Batch equilibrium method):
Adsorption:
The adsorption test was performed with an application solution (0.01 M CaCI2) with 4.88 mg FAT 40557/A. The volumes of the CaCI2 solutions were determined gravimetrically. The total volume (V0) of the aqueous phase is the sum of 25 mL application solutions and the CaCI2 solution which remained in the soil after the equilibration of the soil. The total volume depended on the soil type and soil quantity. After 16 hours of adsorption, the CaCI2 solution was removed for analysis. Two control tubes without soil were treated correspondingly. The quantity of the test substance recovered from the controls was determined to be 125.68 µg (= G). This corresponded to 102.93 % of the application. Soil Speyer adsorbed 80.00%, soil Sisseln 68.28 % and soil Les Barges 82.48 % of FAT 40557/A within 16 hours. Thus, it can be stated that FAT 40557/A is strongly adsorbed to the soils tested.

Desorption:
After 16 hours of adsorption, two desorption steps were performed. From soils Speyer, Sisseln and Les Barges 18.33 %, 22.03% and 13.13 %, respectively, of the adsorbed FAT 40557/A was desorbed after two desorption steps. In the three soils 81.67 %, 77.97 % and 86.87 %, respectively, of FAT 40557/A remained adsorbed.

Determination of the Adsorption Coefficient:
The adsorption coefficient was calculated taking into account the quantity of FAT 40557/A adsorbed after 16 hours, the soil dry mass and the concentration of FAT 40557/A remaining in solution after 16 hours. The adsorption coefficient K' for FAT 40557/A in soil Speyer was 21.50 mL/g, in soil Sisseln 11.73 mL/g and in soil Les Barges 26.21 mL/g. The adsorption coefficient K' can be related to the organic carbon content (in percent) of the soil resulting in a Koc value. The Koc value of FAT 40557/A in soil Speyer was 939 mL/g, in soil Sisseln 747 mL/g and in soil Les Barges 690 mL/g. The respective KOM values were calculated as 545 mL/g in soil Speyer, 433 mL/g in soil Sisseln and 400 mL/g in soil Les Barges.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The Koc of the test substance was estimated to lie between 690 and 939 mL/g.
Executive summary:

In a GLP-compliant study, the adsorption coefficient (Koc) of the FAT 40557/A was determined according to OECD Guideline 106. Three soil types were tested: Speyer (loamy sand), Sisseln (sandy loam), and Les Barges (silt loam). The amount of the test substance adsorbed to soil was 80, 62.28, and 82.48 % for soil Speyer, Sisseln, and Les Barges, respectively. After the adsorption, two desorption steps were performed. From the quantity of the test substance adsorbed the following percentages were desorbed, 18.33, 22.03, 13.13% from soil Speyer, Sisseln and, Les Barges, respectively. The adsorption coefficient (Koc) of the test substance was estimated to be in the range of 690 - 939 mL/g. Based on these data test substance is regarded as being little mobile in soil.

Description of key information

The Koc of the test substance was estimated to lie between 690 and 939 mL/g.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Koc at 20 °C:
690

Additional information

In a GLP-compliant study, the adsorption coefficient (Koc) of the FAT 40557/A was determined according to OECD Guideline 106. Three soil types were tested: Speyer (loamy sand), Sisseln (sandy loam), and Les Barges (silt loam). The amount of the test substance adsorbed to soil was 80, 62.28, and 82.48 % for soil Speyer, Sisseln, and Les Barges, respectively. After the adsorption, two desorption steps were performed. From the quantity of the test substance adsorbed the following percentages were desorbed, 18.33, 22.03, 13.13% from soil Speyer, Sisseln and, Les Barges, respectively. The adsorption coefficient (Koc) of the test substance was estimated to be in the range of 690 - 939 mL/g. Based on these data test substance is regarded as being little mobile in soil.