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EC number: 253-326-2 | CAS number: 37052-78-1
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Hydrolysis
On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the hydrolysis half-life value of the test chemical can be expected to be > 5 days, respectively. Thus, based on this half-life value, it can be concluded that the test chemical is not hydrolysable in water.
Biodegradation in water
Estimation Programs Interface Suite (2018) was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test chemical in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that test chemical is expected to be not readily biodegradable.
Biodegradation in water and sediment
Estimation Programs Interface (2018) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test chemical. If released in to the environment, 33.6% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be 37.5 days (900 hrs). The half-life (37.5 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 337.5 days (8100 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.0978%), indicates that test chemical is not persistent in sediment.
Biodegradation in soil
The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (2018). If released into the environment, 66.3% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 75 days (1800 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
BCFBAF model of Estimation Programs Interface was used to predict the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical was estimated to be 4.751 L/kg whole body w.w (at 25 deg C) which does not exceed the bio concentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the test chemical is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.
Adsorption / desorption
The adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge of test chemical was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals (Experimental study report, 2016). The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. A test item solution was prepared by accurately weighing 50mg of test item and diluted with mobile phase up to 100ml. Thus, the test solution concentration was 500mg/l. The pH of test substance was 7.83. Each of the reference substance and test substance were analysed by HPLC at 210 nm. After equilibration of the HPLC system, Urea was injected first, the reference substances were injected in duplicate, followed by the test chemical solution in duplicate. Reference substances were injected again after test sample, no change in retention time of reference substances was observed. Retention time tR were measured, averaged and the decimal logarithms of the capacity factors k were calculated. The graph was plotted between log Koc versus log k(Annex - 2).The linear regression parameter of the relationship log Koc vs log k were also calculated from the data obtained with calibration samples and therewith, log Koc of the test substance was The reference substances were 4-chloroaniline, 4-methylaniline, N methylaniline, 2-Nitrophenol, Nitrobenzene, 4-Nitrobenzamide, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, N-methylbenzamide, Benzamide, phenanthrene having Koc value ranging from 1.239 to 4.09. The Log Koc value of test chemical was determined to be 1.491± 0.004 at 25°C. This log Koc value indicates that the test chemical has a negligible sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have rapid migration potential to ground water.
Additional information
Hydrolysis
Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the half-life of the test chemical. The studies are as mentioned below:
The half-life of the test chemical was determined. Although the half-life value of test chemical was not known, but test chemical was reported to be stable in aqueous environments. Based on this, it is concluded that the test chemical is not hydrolysable.
In an another study, the half-life of the test chemical was determined at different pH range. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH) at a temperature of 50°C. As the hydrolysis of test chemical did not reach > 10% in any of the pH systems, the preliminary study was terminated. Test chemical was reported to be hydrolytically stable at pH 4, 7 and 9, respectively at a temperature of 50⁰C for 5 days. Thus, half-life value can be considered to be > 5 days, indicating that the test chemical is not hydrolysable.
On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the hydrolysis half-life value of the test chemical can be expected to be > 5 days, respectively. Thus, based on this half-life value, it can be concluded that the test chemical is not hydrolysable in water.
Biodegradation in water
Predicted data for the test chemical and various supporting weight of evidence studies for its structurally and functionally similar read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:
In a prediction using the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (2018), the biodegradation potential of the test chemical in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms was estimated. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that test chemical is expected to be not readily biodegradable.
In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (2018) for the test chemical,biodegradation experiment was conducted for 14 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test chemical. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I). Activated sludge was used as a test inoculum for the study. Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of test chemical was determined to be 0, 2.5 and 0.9% by BOD, TOC removal and UV-Vis parameter in 14 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
For the test chemical,biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test chemical (J-CHECK, 2018 and EnviChem, 2014). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I). Activated sludge was used as a test inoculum for the study. Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of test chemical was determined to be 0% by BOD, TOC removal and UV-Vis parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
On the basis of above results for test chemical, it can be concluded that the test chemical can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Biodegradation in water and sediment
Estimation Programs Interface (2018) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test chemical. If released in to the environment, 33.6% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be 37.5 days (900 hrs). The half-life (37.5 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 337.5 days (8100 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.0978%), indicates that test chemical is not persistent in sediment.
Biodegradation in soil
The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (2018). If released into the environment, 66.3% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 75 days (1800 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.
On the basis of available information, the test chemicalcan be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Various predicted data of the test chemical and supporting weight of evidence studies for its structurally and functionally similar read across substance were reviewed for the bioaccumulation end point which are summarized as below:
In a prediction done using the BCFBAF Program of Estimation Programs Interface was used to predict the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical was estimated to be 4.751 L/kg whole body w.w (at 25 deg C).
In an another prediction done by using Bio-concentration Factor module (ACD (Advanced Chemistry Development)/I-Lab predictive module, 2017)), the bio-concentration Factor of the test chemical was estimated to be 1 dimensionless at pH range 1-14, respectively.
Another predicted data was estimated using SciFinder database (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2017) for predicting the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical was estimated to be 7.90, 10.3, 10.6, 10.5, 9.42 and 4.69 at pH range 1, 2, 3-7, 8, 9 and 10 respectively (at 25 deg C).
From CompTox Chemistry Dashboard using OPERA (OPEn (quantitative) structure-activity Relationship Application) V1.02 model in which calculation based on PaDEL descriptors (calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints of chemical), the bioaccumulation i.e BCF for test chemical was estimated to be 7.13 dimensionless . The predicted BCF result based on the 5 OECD principles. Thus based on the result it is concluded that the test chemical is non-bioaccumulative in nature.
In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (2018) for the test chemical,bioaccumulation study was conducted on test organism Cyprinus carpio for 6 weeks for evaluating the bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of test chemical. The study was performed according to other guideline "Bioaccumulation test of a chemical substance in fish or shellfish" provided in "the Notice on the Test Method Concerning New Chemical Substances", respectively. Cyprinus carpio was used as a test organism for the study. Test chemical nominal conc. used for the study were 0.5mg/l and 0.05 mg/l, respectively. Range finding study involve the TLm (48 hr) 160 mg/l (w/v) on Rice fish (Oryzias latipes). The bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of test chemical on Cyprinus carpio was determined to be in the range of 0.7-3.5 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.5 mg/l and ≤ 2.6 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.05 mg/l, respectively.
For the test chemical, bioaccumulation study was conducted on test organism Cyprinus carpio for 6 weeks for evaluating the bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of test chemical (authoritative databases, 2018). The study was performed according to other guideline "Bioaccumulation test of a chemical substance in fish or shellfish" provided in "the Notice on the Test Method Concerning New Chemical Substances", respectively. Cyprinus carpio was used as a test organism for the study. Test chemical nominal conc. used for the study were 0.5mg/land 0.05 mg/l, respectively. Analytical method involve therecovery ratio: Test water : 1st concentration area : 99.6 %, 2nd concentration area : 101 %, Fish : 89.0 %, - Limit of detection : Fish : 0.14 ppm. Range finding study involve the TLm (48 hr) 27.8 mg/l (w/v) on Rice fish (Oryzias latipes). Lipid content of the test organism Cyprinus carpio was determined to be 5.4%. The bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of test chemical on Cyprinus carpio was determined to be in the range of 0.7-1.8 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.5 mg/l and ≤ 2.9 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.05 mg/l, respectively.
On the basis of above results for test chemical, it can be concluded that the BCF value of test chemical was evaluated to be upto 10.6, respectively,which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the test chemical is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.
Adsorption / desorption
The adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge of test chemical was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals (Experimental study report, 2016). The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. A test item solution was prepared by accurately weighing 50mg of test item and diluted with mobile phase up to 100ml. Thus, the test solution concentration was 500mg/l. The pH of test substance was 7.83. Each of the reference substance and test substance were analysed by HPLC at 210 nm. After equilibration of the HPLC system, Urea was injected first, the reference substances were injected in duplicate, followed by the test chemical solution in duplicate. Reference substances were injected again after test sample, no change in retention time of reference substances was observed. Retention time tR were measured, averaged and the decimal logarithms of the capacity factors k were calculated. The graph was plotted between log Koc versus log k(Annex - 2).The linear regression parameter of the relationship log Koc vs log k were also calculated from the data obtained with calibration samples and therewith, log Koc of the test substance was The reference substances were 4-chloroaniline, 4-methylaniline, N methylaniline, 2-Nitrophenol, Nitrobenzene, 4-Nitrobenzamide, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, N-methylbenzamide, Benzamide, phenanthrene having Koc value ranging from 1.239 to 4.09. The Log Koc value of test chemical was determined to be 1.491± 0.004 at 25°C. This log Koc value indicates that the test chemical has a negligible sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have rapid migration potential to ground water.
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