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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 200-683-7 | CAS number: 68-26-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- other: Review
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: not applicable
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals
- Author:
- Scientific Committee on Food
- Year:
- 2 006
- Bibliographic source:
- http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178633962601.htm
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- SCIENTIFIC OPINION: Consequences for the consumer of the use of vitamin A in animal nutrition. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed
- Author:
- EFSA
- Year:
- 2 008
- Bibliographic source:
- The EFSA Journal; 873; 1-81
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
2006:
The scientific opinions presented in this compilation were developed at the request of the European Commission by the Scientific
Committee on Food (SCF) (up to April 2003) and the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) of EFSA
(May 2003 to 2005). The context of this request was the need for scientific advice on the safety of vitamins and minerals to support the
implementation of impending harmonized EU legislation for food supplements and fortified foods, and particularly to assist with the
setting of maximum limits for micronutrients in these products.
These opinions present comprehensive evaluations of possible adverse health effects of individual micronutrients at intakes in excess of
dietary requirements and, where possible, establish Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for different population groups. The approach
taken was based on the principles of scientific risk assessment.
2008:
The fat soluble vitamin A is required in humans and animals. It is essential for vision, growth
differentiation and proliferation of a wide range of epithelial tissues, bone growth,
reproduction and embryonic development. Vitamin A is present in the diet as preformed
vitamin A (retinol and its esters) and can also be derived in humans and most animal species
from dietary carotenoids, mainly ß-carotene. Vitamin A accumulates in the body, particularly
in liver, and is toxic at high doses in most species studied. The use of vitamin A as a feed
additive is currently authorised under Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 as nutritional additive
with maximum contents for a number of animal categories and types of feedingstuffs.
Two reports, one from the UK’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) and the
other from the Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), both
published in 2005, drew attention to the risks of high levels of vitamin A for the consumer
resulting from the intake of products of animal origin.
The Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to review those reports.
Should the overall intake exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for vitamin A, EFSA
should comment on the benefit of decreasing the maximum permitted levels of addition for
vitamin A. In addition, EFSA should also advise on the potential zootechnical implications of
lowering the levels of vitamin A intake by food-producing animals. In that respect,
consequences for the safety of target animals and the environmental impact should be
assessed.
The UL set by SCF (3 000 μg RE from preformed vitamin A day-1) was considered by the
Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) as still being
appropriate, taking into account the available data. Quantitative correlations between retinol
intake and bone health risk justifying the establishment of a lower UL for a specific
population subgroup (elderly people) could not be established. A maximum intake of 1 500
μg RE day-1 would therefore — until new data indicates the necessity of a re-evaluation —
serve as a guidance level (GL) for persons at a greater risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture
(particularly postmenopausal women).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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