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EC number: 909-129-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 24 Aug 2018 - 29 Oct 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2019
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23
- Version / remarks:
- 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- m,α-dimethylstyrene
- EC Number:
- 214-394-9
- EC Name:
- m,α-dimethylstyrene
- Cas Number:
- 1124-20-5
- Molecular formula:
- C10H12
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-isopropenyl-3-methylbenzene
- Reference substance name:
- p,α-dimethylstyrene
- EC Number:
- 214-795-9
- EC Name:
- p,α-dimethylstyrene
- Cas Number:
- 1195-32-0
- Molecular formula:
- C10H12
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-isopropenyl-4-methylbenzene
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- Appearance: Clear colourless liquid
Storage conditions: At room temperature
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All test concentrations and the control
- Sampling method: 2.0 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels at t=0 h and t=48 h
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored in a freezer (≤-15°C) until analysis at the analytical laboratory of the Test Facility.
- At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were not pooled at each concentration before sampling. Instead, samples were taken from one replicate per treatment.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- The batch of the test item was a clear colourless liquid with a purity of 99% which was not completely soluble in test medium at the loading rates initially prepared. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item. All glassware used during the preparation of test solutions was closed with minimal headspace in order to minimize vaporization of the test item.
- Method: Preparation of test solutions started with loading rates individually prepared in the range of 1.0 to 100 mg/L. A two-day period of gentle magnetic stirring was applied to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in medium. The obtained mixtures were allowed to settle overnight. Thereafter, the aqueous Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were collected by means of siphoning and used as test concentrations. All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure.
- Controls: Test medium without test item or other additives
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain/clone: Straus 1820
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history
- Age of parental stock: >2 weeks old
- Age at test initiation: <24 hours
- Validity of batch: Daphnids originated from a healthy stock, 2nd to 5th brood, showing no signs of stress such as mortality >20%, presence of males, ephippia or discoloured animals and there was no delay in the production of the first brood.
CULTIVATION
- Start of each batch: With newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 5 litres of M7 medium in an all-glass culture vessel.
- Maximum age of the cultures: 4 weeks
- Renewal of the cultures: After 7 days of cultivation half of the medium twice a week.
- Temperature of medium: 18-22°C
- Feeding: Daily, a suspension of fresh water algae.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 180 mg/L (expressed as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 21°C
- pH:
- At t=0 h: 7.9 - 8.0
At t=48 h: 7.9 - 8.2 - Dissolved oxygen:
- At t=0 h: 9.0 - 9.2 mg/L
At t=48 h: 7.7 - 8.1 mg/L - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: WAFs individually prepared at loading rates of 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10 and 22 mg/L
Measured at the start of the test: 0.56, 1.5, 1.1, 8.2 and 4.8 mg/L. At the end of the test, the concentrations were measured to be at 94 – 134% relative to initial. Based on these results, the average exposure concentrations were calculated to be 0.58, 1.5, 1.3, 8.4 and 5.0 mg/L, respectively, and used to express effect parameters. See 'Any other information on materials and methods' for the calculation of average exposure concentrations, and 'Any other information on results' for details on measured concentrations. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 60 mL, all-glass airtight closed without headspace
- Aeration: no aeration
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 daphnids
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: ISO medium, prepared with tap water purified by Reverse Osmosis.
- Culture medium different from test medium: Yes, M7 medium
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and dissolved oxygen: at the beginning and at the end of the test, for all concentrations and the control. Temperature of medium: continuously in a temperature control vessel, beginning at the start of the test.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Immobility (including mortality): at 24 hours and at 48 hours
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Control, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes; the expected EC50 was between 1.0 and 10 mg/L (nominal loading rate). - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate (performed Nov 2018)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 3.0 - 3.4 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 1.3 - 8.4 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none observed in the Control group.
- Mortality of control: none
- No biologically relevant immobility (i.e. >10%) was observed in the control and at the three lowest test concentrations throughout the test. Complete immobility was observed at the two highest test concentrations, already after 24 hours of exposure. See Table 2 in 'Any other information on results' for full details on immobility.
- It should be noted that measured concentrations in WAFs prepared at loading rate of 2.2 and 4.6 mg/L, and 10 and 22 mg/L did not increase with increasing loading rate. In particular, measured concentration at the start of the test in WAFs prepared at loading rates of 2.2 and 10 were 1.5 and 8.2 mg/L, while the measured concentrations were 1.1 and 4.8 mg/L in WAFs prepared at loading rate of 4.6 and 22 mg/L, respectively. The reason for the observed results is unknown.
- All water quality parameters remained within the requirements as laid down in the study plan throughout the test. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid?
Yes
- The 48h-EC50 was 0.40 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval between 0.33 and 0.48 mg/L.
- The responses in this reference test with K2Cr2O7 are within the ranges of the expected responses at the different concentrations, i.e. the 48h-EC50 was between 0.28 and 0.90 mg/L. Hence, the sensitivity of this batch of D. magna was in agreement with the historical data collected at the Test Facility. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 48h-EC50 was calculated by applying the Spearman-Karber procedure (non-linear; without trimming) on the percentages of affected daphnids and the logarithms of the corresponding average exposure concentrations of the test item.
The 24h-EC50 could not be determined using a regression method. This was because there was no concentration between the highest concentration (A) at which 0% immobility and the lowest concentration (B) at which 100% immobility occurred. Instead, the 24h-EC50 was calculated as (AB)½, with A and B being limits of the 95% confidence interval.
ToxRat Professional v 3.2.1 (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany) was used to perform the analysis.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Final Test: Test Samples
Time of sampling |
Loading rate* |
Concentration |
Relative to |
0 |
0 |
n.d. |
|
|
1.0 |
0.563 |
|
|
2.2 |
1.50 |
|
|
4.6 |
1.14 |
|
|
10 |
8.15 |
|
|
22 |
4.79 |
|
48 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.a. |
|
1.0 |
0.593 |
105 |
|
2.2 |
1.41 |
94 |
|
4.6 |
1.53 |
134 |
|
10 |
8.63 |
106 |
|
22 |
5.29 |
111 |
* A water accommodated fraction (WAF) prepared at the loading rate.
n.d. Not detected.
n.a. Not applicable.
Table 2: Number of Introduced Daphnids and Incidence of Immobility in the Final Test
Time (h) |
Replicate |
|
|||||
Control |
0.58 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
8.4 |
5.0 |
||
0 |
A |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
B |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
C |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
D |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
Total introduced |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|
24 |
A |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
B |
0 |
0 |
0(1) |
0 |
5 |
5 |
|
C |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
|
D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
|
Total immobilised |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
20 |
|
Effect % |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
48 |
A |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
B |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5# |
5 |
|
C |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
|
D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
|
Total immobilised |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
20 |
20 |
|
Effect % |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
100 |
100 |
( ) – Number of daphnids observed to be trapped at the surface of the test solutions. These organisms were reimmersed into the respective solutions before recording of mobility,#Microscopic observation revealed that no test item was attached to the daphnids
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See 'Overall remarks' for details on validity criteria.
- Conclusions:
- The 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna exposed to the test substance was 3.2 mg/L based on average exposure concentrations (95% confidence interval between 3.0 and 3.4 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
In a GLP-compliant 48-h acute toxicity test conducted according to OECD guideline 202, Daphnia magna were exposed to Water Accommodated Fractions of the substance at nominal loading rates of 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10 and 22 mg/L and an untreated control (all with 4 replicates per concentration and 5 daphnids per replicate). Measured concentrations were 94 - 134% relative to initial at the end of the test. Therefore, effect parameters were based on average exposure concentrations. No biologically relevant immobility (i.e. >10%) was observed in the control and at the three lowest test concentrations throughout the test. Complete immobility was observed at the two highest test concentrations, already after 24 hours of exposure. The 48-hEC50 for immobility was 3.2 mg/L (95% confidence interval 3.0 - 3.4 mg/L) based on average exposure concentrations. The study met all validity criteria and is considered to be reliable without restrictions.
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