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EC number: 294-785-9 | CAS number: 91770-03-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 2000-04-12 to 2000-06-08
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- acceptable restriction was that analytical measurements on the test material were not conducted.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- not applicable.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 2000-04-26
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 180, 320, 560, 1000 mg/L
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: not applicable
- Time of sampling (stability): 0 and 48 hours. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Amounts of test material (36, 112, 360 and 1120 mg) were each separately dispersed into the vortex of 2 litres of reconstituted water to give the 18, 56, 180 and 560 mg/l loading rates. Further amounts of test material (1 00, 320, 1000, 3200 and 10,000 mg) were each separately dispersed into the vortex of 10 litres of reconstituted water to give the 10, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg/l loading rates. These were stirred for 23 hours. The stirring was stopped after 23 hours and the mixtures allowed to stand for 1 hour. As a proportion of the test material was observed to be distributed throughout the water column after standing for 1 hour, the mixtures were filtered through 0.2 pm filters to remove undissolved test material from the aqueous phase to give the 10, 18,32,56, 100, 180,320, 560 and 1000 mg/l loading rate filtered WAFs.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: daphnids
- Source: in-house laboratory cultures.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): adult
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): not applicable
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): not applicable
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): not applicable
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Chlorella sp.
- Amount: no data
- Frequency: daily, food withheld during exposure
Gravid adults were isolated 24 hours prior to initiation of the test, the yung daphnids produced overnight were removed for testing.
Any immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the start of exposure. The criterion of effect used was that Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 seconds after gentle agitation. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 20.5°C
- pH:
- 7.8-7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.2-8.5 mg O2/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal loading rate: 0, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 320, 560, 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass jars
- Type (delete if not applicable): static
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL glass jars containing 250 mL test media and covered to reduce evaporation.
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light:8 h dark
- Light intensity: no data - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 150 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 130-160
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Observations on the test media were carried out during the mixing and testing of the WAFs
At the start of the mixing period, the test material was observed to form cream coloured dispersions of increasing cloudiness with increasing loading rate, each with amber globules of test material circulating around the vortex and throughout the water column.
At the end of the mixing period the loading rates 10 to 180 mg/L were observed to be cream coloured dispersions of increasing cloudiness with increasing loading rate. the 320 to 1000 mg/L loading rates were observed o be cream coloured dispersions with fine amber globules of test material circulating around the vortex and throughout the water column.
At the end of the settling period the 10 to 180 mg/L loading rates were observed to be the same as at the end of stirring whilst the 320 to 1000 mg/L loading rates were cream coloured dispersions with amber globules of test material at the air/water interface and at the sides of the vessels. After filtration all filtered WAFs were observed to be clear colourless solutions.
Analysis of the test solutions at 0 hours showed measured concentrations (based on total peak area) to range from 0.284 to 6.82 mg/L. At 48 hours the measured concentrations ranged from 0.178 to 6.28 mg/L. These results were in line with the recovery and staability analysis performed on pre-study WAFs. At both the 0 and 48 hurs increasing measured concentrations were shown with increasing loading rates. Inspection of these results indicated a small decline in measured test concentrations over 48 hours for the 10, 32, 320 and 1000 mg/L loading rates. However, given the very low concentrations determined, it was considered that these slightly lower values are due to analytical variation as a result of measuring multiple peaks. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- none
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48-Hour EL50 for the test material to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was 150 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF with 95% confidence limits of 130 - 160 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading rate was 100 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF.
- Executive summary:
Guideline: A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test material to Daphnia magna. The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1984) No 202, "Daphnia sp, Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test" referenced as Method C.2 of Commission Directive 92/69/EEC (which constitutes Annex V of Council Directive 67/548/EEC).
Methods: Following a preliminary range-finding study, twenty daphnids (2 replicates of 10 animals) were exposed to filtered Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFS) of the test material at nominal loading rates of 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L for 48 hours under static test conditions. The number of immobilised Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
Results: The 48-Hour EL50 for the test material to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was 150 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF with 95% confidence limits of 130 - 160 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading rate was 100 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF. Analysis of the test solutions at 0 hours showed the measured concentrations to range from 0.284 to 6.82 mg/L. At 48 hours the measured concentrations were shown to range from 0.178 to 6.28 mg/L. Measured concentrations were based on total peak area. At both 0 and 48 hours increasing measured concentrations were shown with increasing loading rates. Inspection of these results indicated a small decline in measured test concentrations over 48 hours for the 10, 32, 320 and 1000 mg/L loading rates. However, given the very low concentrations determined, it was considered that these slightly lower values were due to analytical variation as a result of measuring multiple peaks. Given that the toxicity cannot be attributed to any one or more of the components in the WAF, but to the mixture as a whole, the results are based on nominal loading rates only.
Reference
Table 1: Cumulative immobilisation data in the definitve study
Nominal loading rate (mg/L) |
Cumulative immobilized Daphnia (n = 10 per replicate) |
|||||||
24 h |
48 h |
|||||||
R1 |
R2 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
Total |
% |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
56 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
180 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
8 |
17 |
85 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
560 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
1000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
Description of key information
The 48-Hour EL50 for the test material to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was 150 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF with 95% confidence limits of 130 - 160 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading rate was 100 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF (OECD 202 and EU Method C.2).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 150 mg/L
Additional information
Guideline: A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test material toDaphnia magna. The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1984) No 202, "Daphnia sp, Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test" referenced as Method C.2 of Commission Directive 92/69/EEC (which constitutes Annex V of Council Directive 67/548/EEC).
Methods: Following a preliminary range-finding study, twenty daphnids (2 replicates of 10 animals) were exposed to filtered Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFS) of the test material at nominal loading rates of 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L for 48 hours under static test conditions. The number of immobilised Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
Results: The 48-Hour EL50 for the test material to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was 150 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF with 95% confidence limits of 130 - 160 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading rate was 100 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF. Analysis of the test solutions at 0 hours showed the measured concentrations to range from 0.284 to 6.82 mg/L. At 48 hours the measured concentrations were shown to range from 0.178 to 6.28 mg/L. Measured concentrations were based on total peak area. At both 0 and 48 hours increasing measured concentrations were shown with increasing loading rates. Inspection of these results indicated a small decline in measured test concentrations over 48 hours for the 10, 32, 320 and 1000 mg/L loading rates. However, given the very low concentrations determined, it was considered that these slightly lower values were due to analytical variation as a result of measuring multiple peaks. Given that the toxicity cannot be attributed to any one or more of the components in the WAF, but to the mixture as a whole, the results are based on nominal loading rates only.
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