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EC number: 269-041-1 | CAS number: 68186-45-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From July 25, 2011 to September 12, 2011
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- KL2 due to RA
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to section 13 for details on the read-across justification. The study with the read across substance is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In view of the difficulties associated with the evaluation of aquatic toxicity of poorly water soluble test substances, a modification of the standard method for the preparation of aqueous media was performed. An approach endorsed by several important regulatory authorities in the EU and elsewhere (ECETOC 1996, OECD 2000 and Singer et al 2000), is to expose organisms to a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of the test substance in cases where the test substance is a complex mixture and is poorly soluble in water and in the permitted auxiliary solvents and surfactants. Using this approach, aqueous media are prepared by mixing the test substance with water for a prolonged period. Pre-study work showed that a preparation period of 24 h was sufficient to ensure equilibration between the test substance and water phase. At the completion of mixing and following a 1 h standing period, the test substance phase is separated by siphon and the test organisms exposed to the aqueous phase or WAF (which may contain dissolved test substance and/or leachates from the test substance). Exposures are expressed in terms of theoriginal concentration of test substance in water at the start of the mixing period (loading rate) irrespective of the actual concentration of test substance in the WAF.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Concentrations
Based on the results of the range-finding test the following loading rates were assigned to the definitive test: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L. The concentration and stability of the test substance in the test preparations were verified by chemical analysis at 0 and 48 h.
Sampling method
Water samples were taken from the control and each loading rate WAF test group (replicates R1 - R2 pooled) at 0 and 48 h for quantitative analysis. Samples at the No Observed Effect Loading Rate and above only were analysed.
Sample storage conditions before analysis
Samples were stored at approximately -20°C prior to analysis. Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approximately -20°C for further analysis if necessary. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Test water
The reconstituted water used for both the range-finding and definitive tests is defined below: Reconstituted Water
i) Stock Solutions
a) CaCl2.2H2O: 11.76 g/L
b) MgSO4.7H2O: 4.93 g/L
c) NaHCO3: 2.59 g/L
d) KCl : 0.23 g/L
Preparation
An aliquot (25 mL) of each of solutions a-d was added to each litre (final volume) of deionised water with a conductivity of <5 µS cm-1. The reconstituted water had a pH of 7.8 ± 0.2 adjusted (if necessary) with NaOH or HCl and was aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration was approximately air-saturation value. The reconstituted water had an approximate theoretical total hardness of 250 mg/L as CaCO3.
Validation of mixing period
Pre-study investigational work was carried out to determine whether stirring for a prolonged period produced significantly higher levels of total organic carbon, as an indicator of soluble organic substances. A WAF of nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L was prepared, in duplicate, in reconstituted water. One loading rate was stirred for a period of 23 h and the other for a period of 95 h. After a 1 h standing period the mixtures were then removed by siphon and samples taken for Total Organic Carbon analysis (see attached background material: Appendix 5 Validation of Mixing Period).
Range finding test
Due to the low aqueous solubility and complex nature of the test substance, for the purposes of the range-finding test the test substance was prepared as a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF). Based on the results from the validation of mixing period trial, a preparation period of 24 h was used.The loading rates to be used in the definitive test were determined by a preliminary range-finding test. In the range-finding test Daphnia magna were exposed to a series of nominal loading rates of 10 and 100 mg/L. Amounts of test substance (25 and 250 mg) were separately added to the surface of 2.5 L of reconstituted water to give the 10 and 100 mg/L loading rates respectively. After the addition of the test substance, the reconstituted water was stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. The stirring was stopped after 23 h and the mixtures allowed to stand for 1 h. Microscopic observations made on the WAFs indicated that a significant amount of dispersed test substance was present in the water column and hence it was considered justifiable to remove the WAFs by filtering through a glass wool plug (2-4 cm in length). A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of approximately 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. A glass wool plug was inserted into the opposite end of the tubing and the WAF removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first approximate 75-100 mL discarded) to give the 10 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs. Microscopic observations of the WAFs were performed after filtering and showed no micro particles of test item to be present.In the range-finding test 10 daphnids were placed in each test and control vessel and maintained in a temperature controlled room at 21ºC to 22ºC with a photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h darkness for a period of 48 h with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods. Some of the temperatures were measured to be slightly in excess of the 20 ± 1°C given in the study plan. This was considered not to affect the results of the test as no adverse effects of exposure were observed in the control daphnids throughout the duration of the test and that the temperatures were within the test guideline specification. Each 250 mL test and control vessel contained 250 mL of test media and was covered to reduce evaporation. After 24 and 48 h the number of immobilised Daphnia magna were recorded. The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test substance. A sample of each loading rate WAF was taken for chemical analysis at 0 and 48 h in order to determine the stability of the test substance under test conditions. All samples were stored at approximately -20°C prior to analysis.
Definitive test
Based on the results of the range-finding test the following loading rates were assigned to the definitive test: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L.
Experimental preparation
Amounts of test substance (25, 45, 80, 140 and 250 mg) were each separately added to the surface of 2.5 L of reconstituted water to give the 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L loading rates respectively. After the addition of the test substance, the reconstituted water was stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. The stirring was stopped after 23 h and the mixtures allowed to stand for 1 h. Microscopic observations made on the WAFs indicated that a significant amount of dispersed test substance was present in the water column and hence it was considered justifiable to remove the WAFs by filtering through a glass wool plug (2-4 cm in length). A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of approximately 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. A glass wool plug was inserted into the opposite end of the tubing and the WAF removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first approximate 75-100 mL discarded) to give the 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs. Microscopic observations of the WAFs were performed after filtering and showed no micro particles of test substance to be present. The concentration and stability of the test item in the test preparations were verified by chemical analysis at 0 and 48 h. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- The test was carried out using 1st instar Daphnia magna derived from in-house laboratory cultures. Adult Daphnia were maintained in 150 mL glass beakers containing Elendt M7 medium (see details on medium in any other information on materials and methods section) in a temperature controlled room at approximately 20°C. The lighting cycle was controlled to give a 16 h light and 8 h darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods. Each culture was fed daily with a mixture of algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and Tetramin® flake food suspension. Culture conditions ensured that reproduction was by parthenogenesis. Gravid adults were isolated the day before initiation of the test, such that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 h old. These young were removed from the cultures and used for testing. The diet and diluent water are considered not to contain any contaminant that would affect the integrity or outcome of the study.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- The reconstituted water had an approximate theoretical total hardness of 250 mg/L as CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- Temperature was maintained at 22°C to 23ºC throughout the test. Some of the temperatures were measured to be slightly in excess of the 20 ± 1°C given in the study plan. This was considered not to affect the results of the test as no adverse effects of exposure were observed in the control daphnids throughout the duration of the test and that the temperatures were within the test guideline specification.
- pH:
- The reconstituted water had a pH of 7.8 ± 0.2 adjusted (if necessary) with NaOH or HCl.pH was recorded at the start and termination of the test. pH ranged from 7.9-8.1 at 0 hours and 7.8-8.0 at 48 h. There were no treatment related differences for pH.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations were recorded at the start and termination of the test. The oxygen concentration in some of the test vessels was observed to have an air saturation value (ASV) in excess of 100%. This was considered to be due to the presence of microscopic air bubbles in the media super-saturating the diluent and was considered not to have had an impact on the outcome or integrity of the test as no adverse effects were observed in the control group.
- Salinity:
- Freshwater used
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- In the range-finding test Daphnia magna were exposed to a series of nominal loading rates of 10 and 100 mg/L. Based on the results of the range-finding test the following loading rates were assigned to the definitive test: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- Exposure conditions
As in the range-finding test 250 mL glass jars containing approximately 250 mL of test preparation were used. At the start of the test 10 daphnids were placed in each test and control vessel at random, in the test preparations. Duplicate test vessels were used for each test and control group. The test vessels were then covered to reduce evaporation and maintained in a temperature controlled room at 22ºC to 23ºC with a photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h darkness with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods. The daphnids were not individually identified, received no food during exposure and the test vessels were not aerated. The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test substance. The test preparations were not renewed during the exposure period. Any immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 h after the start of exposure. The criterion of effect used was that Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 s after gentle agitation.
Vortex depth measurement
The vortex depth was recorded at the start and end of the mixing period.
Evaluation of data
An estimate of the EL50 values at 24 and 48 h was given by inspection of the immobilisation data.
Validation criteria
The results of the test are considered valid if the following performance criteria are met:
- In the control, not more than 10% of the daphnids appear to be immobilised or stressed after 48 h.
-The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be greater than or equal to 3 mg/L in the control and test vessels. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: mg/L loading rate WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Measured: 8.09 mg/L loading rate WAF
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 56 other: mg/L loading rate WAF
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Measured: 7.22 mg/L loading rate WAF
- Details on results:
- Validation of mixing period:
Pre-study investigational work (see Appendix 5 - attached background material) indicated that there was no significant increase in the amount of total organic carbon by extending the preparation period for longer than 24 h. Therefore, for the purpose of testing the test substance was prepared using a stirring period of 23 h followed by a 1 h settlement period.
Range-finding test
Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test substance during the range-finding test are given in Table 1 (see any other information on results incl. tables section). No immobilisation was observed at 10 mg/L loading rate WAF. However, immobilisation was observed at 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. Based on this information loading rates of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L, using a stirring period of 23 h followed by a 1 h standing period, were selected for the definitive test. Chemical analysis of the 10 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs (see attached background material Appendix 6: Chemical analysis of test loading rates) showed measured concentrations of 0.319 and 5.11 at 0 h and 0.277 and 2.97 mg/L at 48 h. Despite a decrease in measured concentration at 100 mg/L loading rate WAF at 48 h, it was considered that the test substance was stable under test conditions given the results of the 10 mg/L loading rate WAF and those from the definitive test.
Definitive test
Immobilisation data: Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test substance during the definitive test are given in Table 2 (see any other information on results incl. tables section). Inspection of the immobilisation data based on the nominal loading rates gave the following results:
Time (h) EL* 50 (mg/L) 24 >10048 > 100 *** EL = Effective loading rate** An EL50 value could not be calculated as less than 50% immobilisation occurred at this time point.
The No Observed Effect Loading rate after 24 and 48 h exposure was 56 mg/L loading rate WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading rate is based upon zero immobilisation at this loading rate. A single immobilised daphnid was observed at 10 mg/L loading rate WAF Replicate R2 after 48 h exposure. This was considered to be due to natural causes rather than a toxic effect given that no other immobilisation was observed at this loading rate and no immobilisation was observed at the higher loading rates of 18, 32 and 56 mg/L.
Physico-chemical measurements
Temperature was maintained at 22ºC to 23ºC throughout the test, while there were no treatment related differences for oxygen concentration or pH. Some of the temperatures were measured to be slightly in excess of the 20 ± 1°C given in the study plan. This was considered not to affect the results of the test as no adverse effects of exposure were observed in the control daphnids throughout the duration of the test and that the temperatures were within the test guideline specification. The oxygen concentration in some of the test vessels was observed to have an air saturation value (ASV) in excess of 100%. This was considered to be due to the presence of microscopic air bubbles in the media super-saturating the diluent and was considered not to have had an impact on the outcome or integrity of the test as no adverse effects were observed in the control group.
Vortex depth measurements
The vortex depth was recorded at the start and end of the mixing period and was observed to be a dimple at the water surface on each occasion (see Table 3 (see in any other information on results section).
Observations on test substance solubility
Observations on the test media were carried out during the mixing and testing of the WAFs. At the start of the mixing period the 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L loading rates were observed to be colourless solutions with globules of test substance floating at the surface and dispersed throughout. After 23 h stirring the 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L loading rates were observed to be colourless solutions with particles of test substance floating at the surface and dispersed throughout. After a 1 h standing period the 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L loading rates were observed to be colourless solutions with particles of test substance floating at the surface, settled at the bottom of the stirring vessel and dispersed throughout. Microscopic examination of the WAFs showed microscopic particles of test substance to be present and therefore it was considered justifiable to remove the WAFs by filtering through a glass wool plug (2-4 cm in length). Microscopic examination after filtering showed no microscopic particles of test substance to be present. During the test the 10, 18, 32 and 56 mg/L loading rates were observed to be clear, colourless solutions. At 0 h the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF was observed to be a clear, colourless solution however, at 24 h the preparation was observed to be a slightly cloudy homogenous dispersion and after 48 h, a cloudy dispersion with test substance particles at the bottom of the vessel.
Chemical analysis of loading rates:
Analysis of the 56 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs at 0 h (see attached background material Appendix 6: Chemical analysis of test loading rates) showed measured concentrations of 12.0 and 8.36 mg/L respectively. It was considered that the result for the 56 mg/L loading rate WAF was erroneous given the results from the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. Analysis of the duplicate sample, stored at approximately -20oC prior to analysis, showed a measured concentration of 6.08 mg/L indicating the initial result was erroneous. Analysis of the 56 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs at 48 h showed measured concentrations of 7.22 and 8.09 mg/L respectively The dissolved test substance may have been one or several components of the test substance. Given that toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or mixture of components but to the test substance as a whole, the results were based on nominal loading rates only.
Validation criteria:
1. In the control, no daphnia immobilisation was observed over the 48-H test period. Thus the validity criterion was met.
2. The oxygen content was ≥ 7.9 mg/L in the control and test vessels at the end of the test. Thus the validity criterion was met. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A positive control used potassium dichromate as the reference substance at concentrations of 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/L. Exposure conditions for the positive control were similar to those in the definitive test with the exception of the temperatures during testing which ranged from 21°C to 22°C. Analysis of the immobilisation data by the maximum-likelihood probit method (Finney 1971) at 24 and 48 h based on the nominal test concentrations gave the following results: 24 h EC50: 1.5 mg/L (95% confidence limits 1.3 - 1.8 mg/L) 48 h EC50: 0.99 mg/L (95% confidence limits 0.85 - 1.1 mg/L). The No Observed Effect Concentration after 24 and 48 h was 0.56 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration is based upon zero immobilisation at this concentration. The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal range for this reference substance.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the result of the read across study, a 48 h EL50 and NOELR values for test substance, mono- and di- C8-10 PSE can be considered to be >100 and 56 mg/L (nominal loading rate WAF), respectively.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the read across substance, mono- and di- C6-10 PSE, to Daphnia magna, according to the OECD Guideline 202 and EU Method C2, in compliance with GLP. Following a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (2 replicates of 10 animals) were exposed to Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) of the test substance over a range of nominal loading rates of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L for 48 h at a temperature of 22°C to 23ºC under static test conditions. The number of immobilised Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 h. Analysis of the 56 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs at 0 h showed measured concentrations of 12.0 and 8.36 mg/L respectively. It was considered that the result for the 56 mg/L loading rate WAF was erroneous given the results from the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. Analysis of the duplicate sample, stored at approximately -20°C prior to analysis, showed a measured concentration of 6.08 mg/L indicating the initial result was erroneous. Analysis of the 56 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs at 48 h showed measured concentrations of 7.22 and 8.09 mg/L respectively. The 48 h EL50 (effective loading rate) for the test substance to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was greater than 100 mg/L nominal (8.09 mg/L measured) loading rate WAF. However, thedissolved test substance may have been one or several components of the test substance. Given that toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or mixture of components but to the test substance as a whole, the results were based on nominal loading rates only. Therefore, the48 h EL50 (effective loading rate) for the test substance to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was determined to be greater than 100 mg/L loading rate WAF and the No Observed Effect Loading rate was at 56 mg/l loading rate WAF.Under the study conditions, a 48 h EL50 and NOELR values for test substance was determined to be >100 and 56 mg/L loading rate WAF, respectively (XXXX, 2012). Based on the result of the read across study, similar 48 h EL50 and NOELR values can be expected for the test substance, mono- and di- C8-10 PSE.
Reference
Table1: Cumulative immobilisation data in the range-finding test
Nominal Loading Rate (mg/L) |
Cumulative Immobilised Daphnia |
|
24 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
2 |
2 |
Table 2: Cumulative immobilisation data in the definitive test
Nominal Loading Rate (mg/L) |
Cumulative Immobilised Daphnia |
|||||||
24 h |
48 h |
|||||||
R1 |
R2 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
Total |
% |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1* |
1* |
5* |
18 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
56 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
25 |
R1 -R2 = Replicates 1 and 2 * A single immobilised daphnid was observed at 10 mg/L loading rate WAF Replicate R2 after 48 h exposure. This was considered to be due to natural causes rather than a toxic effect given that no other immobilisation was observed at this loading rate and no immobilisation was observed at the higher loading rates of 18, 32 and 56 mg/L.
Table 3: Vortex depth measurements at the start and end of the mixing period
Nominal Loading Rate (mg/L) |
||||||
Control |
10 |
18 |
||||
* |
+ |
* |
+ |
* |
+ |
|
Height of Water Column (cm) |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
Depth of Vortex (cm) |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
Observation of Vortex |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Nominal Loading Rate (mg/L) |
||||||
32 |
56 |
100 |
||||
* |
+ |
* |
+ |
* |
+ |
|
Height of Water Column (cm) |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
Depth of Vortex (cm) |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
~ 0.2 |
Observation of Vortex |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
Dimple present |
* = Start of mixing period
+ = End of mixing period
Physico-chemical measurements
Nominal |
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
|||||||
pH |
mg O2/l |
%ASV* |
T°C |
TºC |
pH |
mg O2/l |
%ASV* |
T°C |
||
Control |
R1 |
8.0 |
8.8 |
101 |
22 |
22 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
97 |
22 |
R2 |
8.0 |
8.8 |
101 |
22 |
22 |
8.0 |
8.4 |
97 |
22 |
|
10 |
R1 |
8.0 |
8.7 |
100 |
22 |
22 |
7.9 |
8.2 |
94 |
22 |
R2 |
8.1 |
8.7 |
100 |
22 |
22 |
7.9 |
8.1 |
93 |
22 |
|
18 |
R1 |
7.9 |
8.6 |
99 |
22 |
22 |
7.9 |
8.2 |
94 |
22 |
R2 |
8.0 |
8.5 |
98 |
22 |
22 |
8.0 |
8.2 |
94 |
22 |
|
32 |
R1 |
7.9 |
8.6 |
99 |
22 |
22 |
7.9 |
8.2 |
94 |
22 |
R2 |
7.9 |
8.6 |
99 |
22 |
22 |
7.9 |
8.1 |
93 |
22 |
|
56 |
R1 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
97 |
22 |
22 |
7.9 |
8.1 |
93 |
22 |
R2 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
97 |
22 |
22 |
7.9 |
8.2 |
94 |
22 |
|
100 |
R1 |
8.0 |
8.4 |
98 |
23 |
22 |
7.8 |
8.0 |
92 |
22 |
R2 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
98 |
23 |
22 |
7.8 |
7.9 |
91 |
22 |
*ASV = Dissolved oxygen concentration expressed as a percentage of Air Saturation Value
R1- R2= Replicates 1 and 2
Description of key information
Based on the result of the read across study, the 48 h EL50 and NOELR values for test substance, mono- and di- C8-10 PSE can be considered to >100 and 56 mg/L (nominal loading rate WAF), respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the read across substance, mono- and di- C6-10 PSE, to Daphnia magna, according to OECD Guideline 202 and EU Method C2, in compliance with GLP. Following a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (2 replicates of 10 animals) were exposed to Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) of the test substance over a range of nominal loading rates of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L for 48 h at a temperature of 22°C to 23ºC under static test conditions. The number of immobilised Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 h. Analysis of the 56 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs at 0 h showed measured concentrations of 12.0 and 8.36 mg/L respectively. It was considered that the result for the 56 mg/L loading rate WAF was erroneous given the results from the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. Analysis of the duplicate sample, stored at approximately -20°C prior to analysis, showed a measured concentration of 6.08 mg/L indicating the initial result was erroneous. Analysis of the 56 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAFs at 48 h showed measured concentrations of 7.22 and 8.09 mg/L respectively. The 48 h EL50 (effective loading rate) for the test substance to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was greater than 100 mg/L nominal (8.09 mg/L measured) loading rate WAF. However, thedissolved test substance may have been one or several components of the test substance. Given that toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or mixture of components but to the test substance as a whole, the results were based on nominal loading rates only. Therefore, the48 h EL50 (effective loading rate) for the test substance to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was determined to be greater than 100 mg/L and the No Observed Effect Loading rate was at 56 mg/L. Under the study conditions, the 48 h EL50 and NOELR values for test substance were determined to be >100 and 56 mg/L loading rate WAF, respectively (XXXX, 2012). Based on the result of the read across study, similar 48 h EL50 and NOELR values can be expected for the test substance, mono- and di- C8-10 PSE.
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