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EC number: 601-601-6 | CAS number: 119345-04-9
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP, guideline study
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 003
- Report date:
- 2003
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Remarks:
- Not specified in report
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.2400 (Acute Eye Irritation)
- Deviations:
- no
- Remarks:
- Not specified in report
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis-, tetrapropylene derivs., sulfonated, sodium salts
- EC Number:
- 601-601-6
- Cas Number:
- 119345-04-9
- Molecular formula:
- C24H32O7S2Na2
- IUPAC Name:
- Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis-, tetrapropylene derivs., sulfonated, sodium salts
- Details on test material:
- Test material: Dowfax 2A1, active ingredient 45.5%, sodium chloride 0.3% and sodium sulfate 0.7%
Reference: batch RC055599TZ, certificate 1132356
Description: pale yellow liquid
Composition: 28-36% Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl (su1fophenoxy)-,disodium salt and 8-15% Benzenesulfonic acid, oxybis (dodecy1)-, disodium salt
Specific gravity: 1.16
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Kisslegg, Germany
Age and body weight: Animals used within the study were at least 6 weeks old and body weights were at least 1.0 kg.
Identification: Earmark.
Conditions
Animals were housed in a controlled environment, in which optimal conditions were considered to be approximately 15 air changes per hour, a temperature of 21.0 ± 3.0°C (actual range: 15.5 – 21.5°C), a relative humidity of 30-70% (actual range: 51 - 84%) and 12 hours artificial fluorescent light and 12 hours darkness per day. Cleaning procedures in the room might have caused the temporary fluctuations above the optimal maximum level of 70% for relative humidity. Based on laboratory historical data, these fluctuations were considered not to have affected the study integrity.
Accommodation
Individually in labelled cages with perforated floors (Scanbur, Denmark, dimensions 56x44x37.5 cm). Acclimatisation period was at least 5 days before start of treatment under laboratory conditions.
Diet
Standard laboratory rabbit diet (Charles River Breeding and Maintenance Diet for Rabbits, Altromin, Lage, Germany) approx. 100 g. per day. Certificates of analysis were examined and retained in the NOTOX archives. In addition, pressed hay (BMI, Helmond, the Netherlands) was provided twice a week.
Water
Free access to tap-water. Certificates of quarterly analysis were examined and retained in the NOTOX archives.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.1 ml
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period (in vivo):
- Mortality/Viability: Twice daily.
Toxicity: At least once daily.
Irritation: The eyes of each animal were examined approximately 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7, 14 and/or 21 days after instillation of the test substance. The irritation scores and a description of all other (local) effects were recorded. - Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- All available data relevant to the potential eye irritation/corrosivity of the substance was taken into account prior to start of the test.
No severe effects were to be expected since the in-vitro bovine eye (BE) assay (Notox project 380609) indicated that moderate irritation may be expected after acute eye exposure to the substance.
This eye irritation study was started by treatment of a single rabbit (sentinel). The two other animals were treated in a similar manner two weeks later, after considering the degree of eye irritation observed in the first animal.
A health inspection was performed prior to commencement of treatment, to ensure that the animals were in a good state of health. Special attention was paid to the eyes, which were free from any abnormality.
Each animal was treated by instillation of 0.1 ml the test substance in the conjunctival sac of one of the eyes after gently pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball. The lids were then gently held together for about one second to prevent loss of the test substance. The other eye remained untreated and served as the reference control.
Immediately after the 24-hour observation, a solution of 2% fluorescein in water (adjusted to pH 7.0) was instilled into both eyes of each animal to quantitatively determine corneal epithelial damage. When considered necessary, this procedure was repeated to assess recovery. Any bright green stained area, indicating epithelial damage, was estimated as a percentage of the total corneal area.
Observations
Mortality/Viability: Twice daily.
Toxicity: At least once daily.
Body Weight: Day of treatment (prior to instillation) and at termination.
Irritation: The eyes of each animal were examined approximately 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7, 14 and/or 21 days after instillation of the test substance. The irritation scores and a description of all other (local) effects were recorded.
The results were evaluated according to the EC criteria for classification and labeling of dangerous substances and preparations (Council Directive 67/548/EEC and all adaptations to technical progress and amendments of this Directive published in the Official Journal of the European Communities).
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Conjunctivae (Discharge)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks:
- 1/3 animals
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Conjunctivae (Discharge)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 1.66
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: not fully reversible within 21 days
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Conjunctivae (Discharge)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: not fully reversible within 21 days
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Conjunctive (Discharge)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 21 d
- Score:
- 0.5
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: n=2, one of the animals was completely cleared by 14 days therefore iritation scores were not conducted on day 21
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 14 d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 7d, 14d, 24d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 7d, 14d
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 21 d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 7d, 14d
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Instillation of 0.1 ml of the test substance resulted in effects on the cornea, iris and conjunctivae. Corneal injury was seen as opacity (maximum grade 1 or 2) and epithelial damage (maximum 90% of the corneal area). As a result of the corneal injury, pannus (neovascularisation of the cornea) was apparent 7 or 14 days after instillation in two animals. The corneal injury had resolved within 14 or 21 days and persisted in one animal until termination. Iridial irritation (grade 1) was observed which had completely resolved within 24 hours or 7 days.
Irritation of the conjunctivae was seen as redness, chemosis and discharge, which had completely resolved within 14 or 21 days in two animals and persisted in one animal until termination. Reduced flexibility of the eyelids was observed in one animal after 48 and 72 hours. - Other effects:
- Colouration / Remnants
No staining of (peri) ocular tissues by the test substance was observed.
Toxicity / Mortality
No symptoms of systemic toxicity were observed in the animals during the test period and no mortality occurred.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Individual scores
|
Cornea |
Iris |
Conjunctivae |
|
||||
Time after dosing |
Opacity |
Area |
Fluor area (%) |
|
Redness |
Chemosis |
Discharge |
Comments |
1 hour |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
- |
|
24 hours |
1 |
3 |
90 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
- |
48 hours |
2 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
f |
|
72 hours |
2 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
f |
7 days |
1 |
1 |
25 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
p |
14 days |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 hour |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
- |
|
24 hours |
1 |
3 |
90 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
- |
48 hours |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
- |
|
72 hours |
1 |
2 |
50 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
- |
7 days |
1 |
1 |
25 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
- |
14 days |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
p |
21 days |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 hour |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
- |
|
24 hours |
1 |
3 |
90 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
- |
48 hours |
1 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
- |
|
72 hours |
1 |
2 |
80 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
- |
7 days |
1 |
1 |
70 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
- |
14 days |
1 |
1 |
10 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
- |
21 days |
1 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
Fluor area (%): green staining (percentage of total corneal area) after fluorescein treatment.
Comments:
f. = Reduced elasticity of the eyelids.
p. = Pannus (neovascularisation of the cornea)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Based on the degree and persistence of the corneal injury as seen in one animal, it was concluded that ocular corrosion had occurred by instillation of DOWFAX* 2A1 SURFACTANT SOLUTION into the rabbit eye.
Based on these results and according to the EC criteria for classification and labelling requirements for dangerous substances and preparations (Council Directive 67/548/EEC), DOWFAX* 2A1 SURFACTANT SOLUTION should be labelled as: risk of serious damage to eyes (R 41). - Executive summary:
The study was carried out based on the guidelines described in: EC Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, B.5, "Acute Toxicity - Eye irritation", OECD No.405, "Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion" and US EPA, OPPTS 870.2400, Acute Eye Irritation, EPA 712-C-98-195, August 1998.
Single samples of 0.1 ml of DOWFAX* 2A1 SURFACTANT SOLUTION were instilled into one eye of each of three rabbits. Observations were made 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7, 14 and/or 21 days after instillation.
Instillation of the test substance resulted in effects on the cornea, iris and conjunctivae. Corneal injury was seen as opacity (maximum grade 1 or 2) and epithelial damage (maximum 90% of the corneal area). As a result of the corneal injury, pannus (neovascularisation of the cornea) was apparent 7 or 14 days after instillation in two animals. The corneal injury had resolved within 14 or 21 days and persisted in one animal until termination.
Iridial irritation (grade 1) was observed which had completely resolved within 24 hours or 7 days. Irritation of the conjunctivae was seen as redness, chemosis and discharge, which had completely resolved within 14 or 21 days in two animals and persisted in one animal until termination. Reduced flexibility of the eyelids was observed in one animal after 48 and 72 hours.
Based on the degree and persistence of the corneal injury as seen in one animal, it was concluded that ocular corrosion had occurred by instillation of DOWFAX* 2A1 SURFACTANT SOLUTION into the rabbit eye.
Based on these results and according to the EC criteria for classification and labelling requirements for dangerous substances and preparations (Council Directive 67/548/EEC), DOWFAX* 2A1 SURFACTANT SOLUTION should be labelled as: risk of serious damage to eyes (R 41).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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