Isopropyl benzoate

Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other

Administrative data

Endpoint:

direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

This is a summary of studies reviewed by the expert group of the World Health Organization (WHO), published as CICAD 26, which accepted the data as scientifically valid. A corrigenda was published on 12 April 2005, and the content is incorporated into the version available on the InChem website.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate

Author:

World Health Organization

Year:

2000

Bibliographic source:

International Chemical Assessment Document 26: 1-48. http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad26.pdf

Materials and methods

Study type:

other: description of exposure sources

Endpoint addressed:

other: description of oral exposure

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

description of exposure sources

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Benzoic acid

EC Number:

200-618-2

EC Name:

Benzoic acid

Cas Number:

65-85-0

IUPAC Name:

benzoic acid

Method

Type of population:

general

Subjects:

general population

Ethical approval:

not applicable

Route of exposure:

oral

Results and discussion

Clinical signs:

Benzoic acid is produced by many plants as an intermediate in the formation of other compounds (Goodwin, 1976, Handbook of intermediary metabolism of aromatic compounds. New York, NY, Wiley & Sons, pp. B6–B9.). High concentrations are found in certain berries. Benzoic acid has also been detected in animals (see section 6.1). Benzoic acid therefore occurs naturally in many foods, including milk products (Sieber et al., 1989, Benzoesäure als natürlicher Bestandteil von Lebensmitteln- eine Übersicht. Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene, 80:345–362. Also, Sieber et al., 1990, Über das Vorkommen der Benzoesäure in Sauermilchprodukten und Käse. Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene, 84:484–493).
Anthropogenic releases of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate into the environment are primarily emissions into water and soil from their uses as preservatives

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and in animals. It is therefore a natural constituent of many foods, including milk products. Concentrations of naturally occurring benzoic acid in several foods did not exceed average values of 40 mg/kg of food. This study is informative for evaluation of the toxicity of members of the Alkyl Benzoates category, and is adequate for classification, hazard assessment and risk assessment.