Nicotine sulphate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data is from peer reviewed journal

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: American society for testing and Materials (ASTM) (1980) Standard practices for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates and amphibians E279-80

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Study was conducted to determine the effect of test chemical on the Daphnia magna.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Details on test organisms

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0-24 hrs old
- Source: Test organisms obtain from the stock-culture units of the Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
- Feeding during test: Not fed 24 hrs before and during the test

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

44.7 (40.8 to 47.6 mg/L CaCO3)

Test temperature:

17.2° C (16.5 to 18.4 ° C)

pH:

7.39 (6.84 to 7.80)

Dissolved oxygen:

8.7 (4.8 to 10.7 mg/L)

Details on test conditions:

Details on test conditions
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beaker
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml beakers with two 1.9 cm holes located 1 cm from the bottom and on opposite sides of each beaker.
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Flow-through
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Water obtain from Lake superior. 2 L proportional diluter with a dilution factor of 0.5 was used.
- Alkalinity: 43.0 mg/L CaCO3 (40.4 to 49.5 mg/L CaCO3)

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Yes
- Photoperiod: 12 hrs photoperiod was used
- Light intensity: 17 lumens at the surface of water.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobility, all other parameters including pH, temperature were measured

- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Immobility of daphnia magna

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

3.25 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % CI was 2.72-3.88 mg/l (2720-3880) µg/L

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Trimmed Spearman- Karber method were used

Adult Daphnids were separated into 2 liter battery jars. After 24 hrs, 0-24 hrs old Daphnia were carefully collected using fire polished glass tubes and squeeze bulbs, counted into 250 ml exposure beakers which were randomly hung in the 10 × 30 cm compartments of the 12 exposure tanks. After 48 hrs immobility and dead organisms were measured by dissecting microscope.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Based on the immobility of Daphnia magna by the chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC50 was determine to be at 3.25 mg/l with the 95 % CI at 2.72-3.88 mg/l.

Executive summary:

The objective of the present study was to determine the toxicity of test chemical on the mobility of aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Test conducted in accordance with American society for testing and Materials (ASTM). Daphnia magna maintain in the appropriate system and follows all the criteria which meet the guideline. Chemical analyzed with a Hewlett-Packard 5840 A gas chromatograph equipped with model 7671 A auto injector and also with FID. 0-24 hrs old Daphnia magna were used in the study. Organisms have not fed 24 hrs before and during the test. Test conducted in 250 ml beakers which have two 1.9 cm holes located 1 cm from the bottom and on opposite sides of each beaker. 20 Daphnia per concentration were added and exposed for 48 hrs. Adult Daphnids were separated into 2 liter battery jars. After 24 hrs, 0-24 hrs old Daphnia were carefully collected using fire polished glass tubes and squeeze bulbs, counted into 250 ml exposure beakers which were randomly hung in the 10 × 30 cm compartments of the 12 exposure tanks. After 48 hrs immobility and dead organisms were measured by dissecting microscope. Based on the immobility of Daphnia magna by the chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC50 was determine to be at 3.25 mg/l with the 95 % CI of 2.72-3.88 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value, chemical consider as toxic and classified in aquatic chronic category 2 but as the test chemical degrades rapidly in water, thus on the basis of readily biodegradability criteria, test chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria. 

Description of key information

The objective of the present study was to determine the toxicity of test chemical on the mobility of aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Test conducted in accordance with American society for testing and Materials (ASTM). Daphnia magna maintain in the appropriate system and follows all the criteria which meet the guideline. Chemical analyzed with a Hewlett-Packard 5840 A gas chromatograph equipped with model 7671 A auto injector and also with FID. 0-24 hrs old Daphnia magna were used in the study. Organisms have not fed 24 hrs before and during the test. Test conducted in 250 ml beakers which have two 1.9 cm holes located 1 cm from the bottom and on opposite sides of each beaker. 20 Daphnia per concentration were added and exposed for 48 hrs. Adult Daphnids were separated into 2 liter battery jars. After 24 hrs, 0-24 hrs old Daphnia were carefully collected using fire polished glass tubes and squeeze bulbs, counted into 250 ml exposure beakers which were randomly hung in the 10 × 30 cm compartments of the 12 exposure tanks. After 48 hrs immobility and dead organisms were measured by dissecting microscope. Based on the immobility of Daphnia magna by the chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC50 was determine to be at 3.25 mg/l with the 95 % CI of 2.72-3.88 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value, chemical consider as toxic and classified in aquatic chronic category 2 but as the test chemical degrades rapidly in water, thus on the basis of readily biodegradability criteria, test chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

3.25 mg/L

Additional information

Based on the various experimental data from peer reviewed journal, studies were carried out for the determination of toxicity of test chemical on the mortality and mobility of aquatic invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

The objective of the present study was to determine the toxicity of test chemical on the mobility of aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Test conducted in accordance with American society for testing and Materials (ASTM). Daphnia magna maintain in the appropriate system and follows all the criteria which meet the guideline. Chemical analyzed with a Hewlett-Packard 5840 A gas chromatograph equipped with model 7671 A auto injector and also with FID. 0-24 hrs old Daphnia magna were used in the study. Organisms have not fed 24 hrs before and during the test. Test conducted in 250 ml beakers which have two 1.9 cm holes located 1 cm from the bottom and on opposite sides of each beaker. 20 Daphnia per concentration were added and exposed for 48 hrs. Adult Daphnids were separated into 2 liter battery jars. After 24 hrs, 0-24 hrs old Daphnia were carefully collected using fire polished glass tubes and squeeze bulbs, counted into 250 ml exposure beakers which were randomly hung in the 10 × 30 cm compartments of the 12 exposure tanks. After 48 hrs immobility and dead organisms were measured by dissecting microscope. Based on the immobility of Daphnia magna by the chemical exposure for 48 hrs, the EC50 was determine to be at 3.25 mg/l with the 95 % CI of 2.72-3.88 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value, chemical consider as toxic and classified in aquatic chronic category 2 but as the test chemical degrades rapidly in water, thus on the basis of readily biodegradability criteria, test chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria. 

 

First study was supported by the second study from the peer reviewed journal. Principle of this study was to determine the toxicity of test chemical on the mortality of Aplexa hypnorum (Snail). Test conducted according to the American society for testing and Materials (ASTM). Aplexa hypnorum (Snail) maintain in the appropriate system and follows all the criteria which meet the guideline. Chemical analyzed with a Hewlett-Packard 5840A gas chromatograph equipped with model 7671 A auto injector and also with FID. Adult Aplexa hypnorum (Snail) obtain from the stock-culture units. Organisms have not fed 24 hrs before and during the test. Test conducted in glass aquaria tank 60×30×30 cm deep. Tank divided into six compartments and one wide compartment with stainless steel screen divider. One standpipe were also present at the top. After 96 hrs. dead snail were measured by dissecting microscope. Based on the mortality of Aplexa hypnorum snail by the chemical exposure for 96 hrs, the EC50 was determine to be > 38.2 mg/l. On the basis of EC50 value, chemical was consider as toxic and classified in aquatic chronic 3 category, but on the basis of readily biodegradability nature of test chemical, it was concluded that the chemical does not last for longer period of time in water and consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Based on the above studies, it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.